Soil factors that influence the fruiting of Tuber melanosporum (black truffle)

Soil Research ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 731 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. García-Montero ◽  
M. A. Casermeiro ◽  
J. Hernando ◽  
I. Hernando
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Oxalate ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Tuber Melanosporum ◽  
Black Truffle ◽  
Truffle Cultivation ◽  
Soil Features ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Collective Influence

Although soil is one of the factors in the biology of Tuber melanosporum (black truffle of Périgord), which has been the subject of much study, there are few quantitative analyses relating to its effects on carpophore production. The aim of this work is to establish the statistical relationship between T. melanosporum productivity in 20 soil surface horizons and their conventional soil properties (granulometric texture, pH, calcareous fractions, organic carbon, total nitrogen, exchangeable cations). The study area is situated in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula under a Mediterranean climate. Statistical analysis shows that the collective influence of these conventional soil features is low, as principal component analysis explains only 27% of the variance in T. melanosporum production. However, a high percentage of active limestone (calcium carbonate extractable with ammonium oxalate) accounts for 40% of the variance in T. melanosporum production. Active limestone is very important to T. melanosporum because it regulates soil pH and exchangeable Ca2+ availability and participates in the organisation and maintenance of the soil structure; it also plays a role in the truffle’s nutrition. These results obtained for active limestone may be of use in truffle cultivation.

scholarly journals Lack of Linkages among Fruiting Depth, Weight, and Maturity in Irrigated Truffle Fungi Marks the Complexity of Relationships among Morphogenetic Stages

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Sergi Garcia-Barreda ◽  
Sergio Sánchez ◽  
Pedro Marco ◽  
Gian Maria Niccolò Benucci ◽  
Vicente González
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Tuber Melanosporum ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Black Truffle ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Cultivation Practices

The highly prized black truffle (Tuber melanosporum) has become a model species for ectomycorrhizal fungi biology. However, several questions concerning its reproductive phase remain unanswered. To provide new hypotheses on the fruitbody formation process, we have explored the causal links among development characters of black truffle fruitbodies that are primarily linked to either the mating process, fruitbody growing stage, or maturation. Path analysis was applied to test causal models outlining the relationships among fruitbody development characters such as fruiting depth, weight, shape, and spore maturity. These characters were investigated over a two-season survey and three soil typologies (plus peat-based substrate) under irrigated conditions. We found a clear and generalized relationship between fruitbody weight and shape. Among clusters of fruitbodies we found a positive relationship between the weight of the largest fruitbody and the weight of the remaining fruitbodies. However, no generalized relationships among characters linked to different development stages appeared. Our results were noticeably consistent across soil typologies, both for fruitbodies growing singly and in clusters, indicating that early-developing fruitbody characters did not influence characters linked to subsequent morphogenetic stages. The lack of links among stages opens new perspectives for pre-harvest quality management with stage-specific cultivation practices.

scholarly journals Technosols Development in an Abandoned Mining Area and Environmental Risk Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6982
Author(s):  
Chiara Ferronato ◽  
Gilmo Vianello ◽  
Mauro De Feudis ◽  
Livia Vittori Antisari
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Mine Tailing ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Soil Features

The study of Technosols development, spatial distribution and physicochemical characteristics is becoming more and more important in the Anthropocene Era. The aim of the present study was to assess soil features and potential heavy metal release risk of soils developed on different mine tailing types after the waste disposal derived from mining activity in Central Italy. Soils were analyzed for their morphological, physical and chemical properties, and a chemical sequential extraction of heavy metals was performed. The investigated soils were classified as Technosols toxic having in some layer within 50 cm of the soil surface inorganic materials with high concentrations of toxic elements. Our findings showed that the bioavailability of potentially toxic element concentrations in the soil changed according to the origin of the mine tailing. However, because of the acidic pH, there is a serious risk of metals leaching which was reduced where the soil organic matter content was higher.

The influence of forest surroundings on the soil fungal community of black truffle (Tuber melanosporum) plantations

2020 ◽  
Vol 469 ◽  
pp. 118199
Author(s):  
Daniel Oliach ◽  
Carlos Colinas ◽  
Carles Castaño ◽  
Christine R. Fischer ◽  
Francesc Bolaño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Community ◽  
Tuber Melanosporum ◽  
Black Truffle ◽  
Soil Fungal Community

scholarly journals Molecular Tools for Rapid and Accurate Detection of Black Truffle (Tuber melanosporum Vitt.) in Inoculated Nursery Plants and Commercial Plantations in Chile

2011 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Cordero ◽  
Pablo Cáceres ◽  
Gloria González ◽  
Karla Quiroz ◽  
Bravo Carmen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Melanosporum ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Black Truffle ◽  
Accurate Detection

scholarly journals Leadership style and employee readiness: Basic factors of leadership efficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-65
Author(s):  
Marijana Rodić ◽  
Slobodan Marić
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Style ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Repeated Sampling ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
New Variables ◽  
The Impact

The scope of this study is based on the Situational Leadership Theory according to the model created by Hersey and Blanchard, predominantly defined by two research sub-fields: leadership style and readiness of employees. This model distinguishes four different leadership styles, while the subject area of readiness of employees comprises two components: readiness of employees based on the competency component and readiness of employees based on a psychological (motivational) component. The subject matter of the study is to identify leadership style as a new variable which will be utilized for determining the interdependence with leadership efficiency levels and readiness of employees. Leadership efficiency is determined by the degree of compatibility between the dominant style of leadership and the level of readiness of employees. In addition to the main objective of the research, aimed at determining leadership efficiency, significant research findings come as a result of specific objectives. That is impact of the dominant leadership style on readiness of employees and leadership results, based on each specific component. The sample will be a random sample from a finite population of units, with repeated sampling and known probability sampling. A sample of size n=100, with a proportion of 0.10, is based on a list of top 100 biggest companies in the Republic of Serbia in 2019. The application of Principal Component Analysis aims to identify new variables in the form of regression coefficient results, while the application of the hierarchical regression model will help determine the impact of each leadership style on readiness of employees. The study findings confirm the basic hypotheses of the aforementioned model, with regard to the results of leadership efficiency, as well as its impact of each leadership style on readiness of employees.

scholarly journals Barriers and critical success factors applying cleaner production: a survey with Brazilian specialists

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 603
Author(s):  
Leticia Canal Vieira ◽  
Fernando Gonçalves Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Critical Success Factors ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cleaner Production ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Effective Dissemination ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Subject

Cleaner Production is an initiative seeking for achieving sustainable development goals. Yet, it has not been satisfactorily disseminated in Brazilian industries. The purpose of this article was identifying the barriers and critical success factors, considering both the external and internal Brazilian environment. A survey was conducted among the professionals involved with the subject of Cleaner Production in Brazil, reaching 185 respondents. Data was analyzed using the Principal Component Analysis. The results indicated that the main success factors concern the organization characteristics, and are related to culture, strategic planning and resources for the implementation of Cleaner Production. In the case of barriers, it can be highlighted the inadequate vision and culture of organizations, followed by the lack of support from the external environment. Contrary to other studies, economic aspects did not seem to be crucial in the opinion of respondents. When measures that can be taken for a more effective dissemination of CP in Brazil are approached, it can be perceived that a repositioning of the external environment (government, other companies, academia, and consumers) is necessary, acting as a strong incentive and support for applying CP.  

scholarly journals Integrating forest-pasture: Spatial analysis and delineation of zones of litter production and nutrient return

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 4377
Author(s):  
Sabino Pereira da Silva Neto ◽  
Antonio Clementino dos Santos ◽  
Raimundo Laerton de Lima Leite ◽  
José Expedito Cavalcante da Silva ◽  
Durval Nolasco Neves Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Nutrient Return ◽  
Forest Strata ◽  
Equidistant Points

This study aimed to quantify, describe, and identify plant litter production and nutrient accumulation zones in different forest-pasture integration (FPI) systems and forest strata of the Cerrado-Amazon transition on typical orthic Quartzarenic Neosol using spatial analysis, principal component analysis, and non-hierarchical fuzzy k-mean clustering logic techniques. The evaluations were performed at two FPI systems comprising a combination of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu and thinned native vegetation with 50 and 75% (FPI-I and FPI-II, respectively) shade in an original thinned forest (NFI) and in an original intact forest (NF-II) with 80 and 95% shade, respectively. An area of 4,000 m² (40 x 100 m) that contained 32 sampling points arranged in a 4 x 25 m grid was demarcated for each treatment. Plant litter was collected using 32 collectors installed at equidistant points. Twelve nylon bags were placed on the soil surface at each point to evaluate the plant litter decomposition, totaling 384 bags per treatment. It was possible to quantify, describe, and define plant litter production and nutrient accumulation zones in different FPI systems and forest strata of the Cerrado-Amazon transition on orthic Quartzarenic Neosol using geostatistical analysis, principal components, and non-hierarchical fuzzy k-mean clustering logic procedures.

scholarly journals Physical, chemical and mineralogical attributes of a representative group of soils from the Eastern Amazon, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna Santos de Souza ◽  
Antonio Rodrigues Fernandes ◽  
Anderson Martins de Souza Braz ◽  
Fábio Júnior de Oliveira ◽  
Luís Reynaldo Ferracciú Alleoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Ammonium Oxalate ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Sodium Dithionite ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Al Oxide

Abstract. Amazonian soils are heterogeneous. However, few studies have been carried out in the Amazon, mainly because of its considerable size, which complicates the collection of data and the ability to plan for the sustainable use of natural resources. In this study, the physical, chemical and mineralogical attributes of soils in the state of Pará, Brazil, were characterized by examining particle size, fertility, silicon (Si) extracted by sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), and manganese (Mn) extracted by sulfuric acid (H2SO4), sodium dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate and ammonium oxalate + oxalic acid. Descriptive analysis, multivariate principal component analysis and cluster analysis were carried out. The soils had low concentrations of bioavailable P, Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+ and high concentrations of Al3+ and Si and Al oxide contents were higher in Cambisols. Contents of Fe and Mn oxides were higher in both Cambisols and Nitosols, which are rich in oxidic minerals. Multivariate analysis indicated an association between the content of organic carbon and the pH, P, Ca, Mg and K contents. An additional association was observed between clay, potential acidity and the Fe and Al oxide contents.

scholarly journals Environmental Education to Change the Consumption Model and Curb Climate Change

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7475
Author(s):  
Leticia-Concepción Velasco-Martínez ◽  
Juan-Jesús Martín-Jaime ◽  
Ligia-Isabel Estrada-Vidal ◽  
Juan-Carlos Tójar-Hurtado
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Education ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Responsible Consumption ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Consumption Model ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change

Environmental education plays a fundamental role in the fight against climate change and the transformation towards a more sustainable and environmentally friendly socio-economic model. This study shows how to evaluate the effectiveness of a program for compulsory education students in Spain. The subject of the program focused on the effects of climate change in relation to our consumption model and the generation of waste. A mixed research methodology is proposed that combines a quantitative (10 items on the Likert scale, n = 714) and qualitative approach (category construction and analysis on open-ended questions). A study of the reliability and validity of the measure was carried out through a categorical principal component analysis (CATPCA). The multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) correlates the gender and educational level of the students to the learning acquired in the program. For example, the results show how students are convinced that adopting minimal pro-environmental habits (turning off lights and unplugging electronics, choosing public transport to get around, or using solar and wind power to produce electricity) can help mitigate climate change. The conclusions show the difficulties and challenges of education for responsible consumption, emphasizing the development of environmental education programs for reducing the effects of climate change.

scholarly journals Quality Assessment by Region and Land Cover of Sharpening Approaches Applied to GF-2 Imagery

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingsheng Liu ◽  
Chong Huang ◽  
He Li
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Spectral Distortion ◽  
Image Analysis Technique ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Land Covers ◽  
Quality Assessments

The existing pansharpening methods applied to recently obtained satellite data can produce spectral distortion. Therefore, quality assessments should be performed to address this. However, quality assessment of the whole image may not be sufficient, because major differences in a given region or land cover can be minimized by small differences in another region or land cover in the image. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate the performance of the pansharpening process for different regions and land covers. In this study, the widely used modified intensity-hue-saturation (mIHS), Gram–Schmidt spectral sharpening (GS), color spectral sharpening (CN), and principal component analysis (PCA) pansharpening methods were applied to Gaofen 2 (GF-2) imagery and evaluated according to region and land-cover type, which was determined via an object-oriented image analysis technique with a support vector machine-supervised method based on several reliable quality indices at the native spatial scale without reference. Both visual and quantitative analyses based on region and land cover indicated that all four approaches satisfied the demands for improving the spatial resolution of the original GF-2 multispectral (MS) image, and mIHS produced results superior to those of the GS, CN, and PC methods by preserving image colors. The results indicated differences in the pansharpening quality among different land covers. Generally, for most land-cover types, the mIHS method better preserved the spectral information and spatial autocorrelation compared with the other methods.

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