Technosols Development in an Abandoned Mining Area and Environmental Risk Assessment

The study of Technosols development, spatial distribution and physicochemical characteristics is becoming more and more important in the Anthropocene Era. The aim of the present study was to assess soil features and potential heavy metal release risk of soils developed on different mine tailing types after the waste disposal derived from mining activity in Central Italy. Soils were analyzed for their morphological, physical and chemical properties, and a chemical sequential extraction of heavy metals was performed. The investigated soils were classified as Technosols toxic having in some layer within 50 cm of the soil surface inorganic materials with high concentrations of toxic elements. Our findings showed that the bioavailability of potentially toxic element concentrations in the soil changed according to the origin of the mine tailing. However, because of the acidic pH, there is a serious risk of metals leaching which was reduced where the soil organic matter content was higher.

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Soil biochemical response after 23 years of direct drilling under a dryland agriculture system in southwest Spain

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859608008204 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 147 (1) ◽

pp. 9-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

S. MELERO ◽

K. VANDERLINDEN ◽

J. CARLOS RUIZ ◽

E. MADEJÓN

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Conservation Tillage ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Principal Component ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Farming System ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Matter Content ◽

Direct Drilling

SUMMARYSoil enzyme activities are widely utilized as rapid and sensitive indicators in discriminating among soil management effects. The objective of the present study was to compare the influence of conservation tillage, i.e. direct drilling (DD) (residue cover is left on the soil surface)v. conventional tillage (CT), on soil chemical and biochemical properties in a crop rotation (cereals–sunflower–legumes) under dryland production in a semi-arid Mediterranean Vertisol after 23 years. A randomized experimental design was established. Soil biological status was evaluated by measuring of enzymatic activities (dehydrogenase, β-glucosidase, alkaline phosphatase and protease). Total organic carbon (TOC) contents were greater in soils managed by DD than those found by CT. Except for protease activity, enzymatic activity values were approximately 2-fold higher in soils under DD than in soils under CT. The β-glucosidase, alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase values showed a high correlation (fromr=0·481 tor=0·886,P⩽0·01) with TOC contents and they were correlated with each other (fromr=0·664 tor=0·923,P⩽0·01). The coefficient of variation of biochemical properties was higher than those of chemical properties in both treatments. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that two principal components explained 58% and 20% of the total variability. The first principal component was influenced mostly by β-glucosidase, dehydrogenase and TOC, whereas the second was influenced by pH. The first component effectively differentiated managed soil under both agriculture practices. In general, long-term soil conservation management by DD in a dryland farming system improved the quality of this Vertisol by enhancing its organic matter content and biochemical activity.

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Leaching of Sulfentrazone in Soils from the Sugarcane Region in the Northeast Region of Brazil

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582016340100017 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 161-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

D.F. BRAGA ◽

F.C.L. FREITAS ◽

P.R.R. ROCHA ◽

A.G.D. ARAÚJO ◽

V.C. MELO

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Matter Content ◽

Indicator Plant ◽

Northeast Region ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Red Latosol ◽

Physical And Chemical

Sulfentrazone leaching potential is dependent on soil properties such as strength and type of clay, organic matter content and pH, and may result in ineffectiveness of the product and contamination of groundwater. The objective of this study was to evaluate sulfentrazone leaching in five soils of the sugarcane region in the Northeast Region of Brazil, with different physical and chemical properties, by means of bioassay and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) resolution. The experiment was conducted in a split plot in a completely randomized design. The plots had PVC columns with a 10 cm diameter and being 50 cm deep, filled with five different soil classes (quartzarenic neosol, haplic cambisol, yellowish-red latosol, yellowish-red acrisol, and haplic gleysol), and subplots for 10 depths in columns, 5 cm intervals. On top of the columns, sulfentrazone application was conducted and 12 hours later there was a simulated rainfall of 60 mm. After 72 hours, the columns were horizontally placed and longitudinally open, divided into sections of 5.0 cm. In the center of each section of the columns, soil samples were collected for chromatographic analyses and sorghum sowing was carried out as an indicator plant. The bioassay method was more sensitive to detect the presence of sulfentrazone in an assessment for chromatography soil, having provided greater herbicide mobility in quartzarenic neosol and yellowish-red latosol, whose presence was detected by the indicator plant to a depth of 45 and 35 cm, respectively. In the other soils, sulfentrazone was detected up to 20 cm deep. The intense mobility of sulfentrazone in quartzarenic neosol may result in herbicide efficiency loss in the soil because the symptoms of intoxication and the amount of herbicide detected via silica were highest between 15 cm and 35 cm depth regarding the soil surface layer (0-10 cm), indicating that sulfentrazone should be avoided in soils with such characteristics.

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Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil Collected from Chandrabhaga River in Kalmeshwar, Nagpur, Maharashtra

Journal of Advanced Research in Alternative Energy Environment and Ecology ◽

10.24321/2455.3093.202006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 07 (02) ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Amita M Watkar ◽

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Quality ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Matter Content ◽

Soil Attributes ◽

Essential Components ◽

Agricultural Land Management ◽

Physical And Chemical

Soil, itself means Soul of Infinite Life. Soil is the naturally occurring unconsolidated or loose covering on the earth’s surface. Physical properties depend upon the amount, size, shape, arrangement, and mineral composition of soil particles. It also depends on the organic matter content and pore spaces. Chemical properties depend on the Inorganic and organic matter present in the soil. Soils are the essential components of the environment and foundation resources for nearly all types of land use, besides being the most important component of sustainable agriculture. Therefore, assessment of soil quality and its direction of change with time is an ideal and primary indicator of sustainable agricultural land management. Soil quality indicators refer to measurable soil attributes that influence the capacity of a soil to function, within the limits imposed by the ecosystem, to preserve biological productivity and environmental quality and promote plant, animal and human health. The present study is to assess these soil attributes such as physical and chemical properties season-wise.

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Soil preparation and nutrient losses by erosion in the culture cucumber

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162005000600010 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 62 (6) ◽

pp. 572-577 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nelson Moura Brasil do Amaral Sobrinho ◽

Nelson Mazur

Keyword(s):

Crop Residues ◽

Total Concentration ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Matter Content ◽

Nutrient Losses ◽

Cucumis Sativus L ◽

Minimum Tillage ◽

Fine Sediments

Minimum tillage reportedly reduce erosion, avoid soil degradation and improve crop productivity. This study aimed to determine how tillage operations may affect either nutrient accumulation or nutrient losses by erosion. The study was, carried out from December, 2000 to March, 2001, in the watershed of the Caetés River, in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil (22º25'43"S, 43º25'07"W). The experiment was set up in sandy clay Kandiudult soil, 60% slope, under cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) crop. Soil samples were collected before planting and after harvest, on 22.0 X 4.0 m Greeoff plots. After each rainfall, fine sediments carried by runoff were deposited into two collecting tanks in a row, installed at the end of each plot, and were later dried, weighed and stored for analyses. Treatments (n = 4) were characterized by different tillage systems: (i) downhill plowing followed by the burning of crop residues (DPB); (ii) downhill plowing with no burning of the crop residues (DPNB); (iii) animal traction contour plowing, with strips of guinea grass planted at a spacing of 7.0 m (AT); and (iv) minimum tillage (MT). Samples of the soil-plowed layer were collected before planting and after harvest, between the rows and from the plants. Total concentration of Ca, Mg, K and P were determined after extraction with nitric perchloride digestion. Labile P and exchangeable K were extracted with the Mehlich 1 extractant solution. The MT system reduced losses of both exchangeable bases (15%) and P (8%), and affected the distribution of labile and organic P. Crop residues left on soil surface in the MT system, resulted in increased organic matter content. Downhill plowing, the most used tillage operation in the region, resulted in the greatest losses of Ca, Mg, K, and P.

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The effect of various composts on vegetable green mass on two soil types

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/72/1612 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 179-183

Author(s):

Judit Szűcsné Szolomájer ◽

Marianna Makádi ◽

Ibolya Demeter ◽

Attila Tomócsik ◽

Tibor Aranyos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sewage Sludge ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Matter Content ◽

Soil Types ◽

Test Plant ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Supply Capacity

Composting of sewage sludges makes easier the utilization of sewage sludge in the agriculture and the composts in good quality could increase the nutrient content of soil. Due to the composting process, the sewage sludge composts with high organic matter content can be utilized in the same way as other composts or farmyard manure.Composts produced in different ways have different effects on the physical, chemical and biological properties of different soils, although their positive effects have already proved in the literature. In our study the effects of composts from different composting processes were investigated in soil-plant systems. The different physical and chemical properties of the two examined soil types (arenosol and chernozem)strongly influenced the nutrient supply capacity of composts which could be characterized by the growth of ray-grass as a test plant in the pot experiment. In this work we examined the effects of three different composts on the green weight of plants on the fourth and eighth weeks after the treatment and sowing.

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Soil fertility and leaf nutrient status of litchi orchard sites

Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.3329/dujbs.v30i2.54640 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 141-149

Author(s):

Tasnim Zannat ◽

Farhana Firoz Meem ◽

Rubaiat Sharmin Promi ◽

Umme Qulsum Poppy ◽

MK Rahman

Keyword(s):

Particle Density ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Nutrient Status ◽

Matter Content ◽

Average Particle ◽

Total N ◽

Available N ◽

Dominant Soil ◽

Physico Chemical

Twelve soil and twelve leaf samples were collected from twelve litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) orchards from different locations of Dinajpur to evaluate some physico-chemical properties and nutrient status of soil, and concentration of nutrients in litchi leaf. The pH of the soil varied from very strong acidic to medium acidic (4.8 - 5.7), organic matter content varied from 0.84 - 1.88%, EC varied from 302.4 - 310.2 μS/cm. The dominant soil textural class was clay loam. The average particle density was 2.49g/cm3. Total N, P, K and S in soils were 0.053 - 0.180%, 0.02 - 0.07%, 0.046 - 0.370 meq/100 g, and 0.015 - 0.028%, respectively. Available N, P, K, S, Zn, Fe, Mn and B in soils 30.40 - 57.8 mg/kg, 10.53 - 14.33 mg/kg, 0.03 - 0.32 meq/100 g, 20.03-34.80 mg/kg, 0.68-1.50 μg/g, 31.8 - 41.5 μg/g, 6.75 - 7.39 μg/g and 0.25-0.51 μg/g, respectively. The concentration of total N, P, K, S, Zn and Mn in the leaf were 1.74 - 2.20%, 0.11 - 0.188%, 0.104- 0.198%, 0.129 - 0.430%, 12 - 14 μg/g and 30 - 74 μg/g, respectively. The overall results indicated that the fertility status of the soils under the litchi plantation in the Dinajpur area are medium fertile. So, farmers could be advised to grow litchi plants after applying amendments to the soils to improve the physico-chemical properties in the Dinajpur area of Bangladesh. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 30(2): 141-149, 2021 (July)

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Characterization of the Primary Sludge from Pharmaceutical Industry Effluents and Final Disposition

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr7040231 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 231 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Renata Xavier Alberico Freitas ◽

Lara Aguiar Borges ◽

Handray Fernandes de Souza ◽

Fernando Colen ◽

Alex Sander Rodrigues Cangussu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sewage Sludge ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Matter Content ◽

Primary Sludge ◽

Volatile Solids ◽

Object Of Study ◽

Final Disposition

The generation of large volumes of waste by industrial processes has become an object of study because of the necessity to characterize the composition of residues in order to suggest appropriate treatments and to minimize adverse environmental impacts. We performed analyses of total fixed and volatile solids, moisture, and chemical oxygen demand (COD). We found high organic matter content. We also measured physicochemical characteristics, including corrosivity, reactivity, and toxicity. Sewage sludge showed levels of chloride and sodium above the maximum allowed limits. These data suggest the potential for anaerobic digestion as a treatment option for sewage sludge and for its use as a biofertilizer.

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Adsorption and Efficacy of Trifluralin and Butralin as Influenced by Soil Properties

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s004317450008351x ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 861-867 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

C. John Peter ◽

Jerome B. Weber

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Weed Control ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Matter Content ◽

Soil Adsorption ◽

Glycol Monoethyl Ether ◽

Chamber Studies ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

Growth Chamber Studies

Significantly higher rates of butralin [4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-N-(1-methylpropyl)-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine] were required to produce the same level of weed control as trifluralin [2,6-dinitro -N,N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzenamine] when applied to soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] on seven different soils in the field. Higher rates of butralin were also required to control barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli(L.) Beauv. ♯ ECHCG] in growth chamber studies. No differences in the extent of soil adsorption of trifluralin and butralin were apparent; therefore, differences in efficacy could not be attributed to differences in soil adsorption. Herbicide rates required for 80% weed control and Freundlich K-values (adsorption capacity indices) were mostly highly correlated with soil organic-matter content and soil surface area as measured by benzyl ethyl ether (BEE) and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGME) on nine soils. Analysis of the organic-matter content of the nine soils by 10 soil testing laboratories resulted in highly significant differences among laboratories.

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PHOSPHORUS FORMS AND ADSORPTION IN A TYPIC QUARTZIPSAMMENT CULTIVATED WITH SUGARCANE HARVESTED WITHOUT BURNING

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252017v30n209rc ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 343-352 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

JOSÉ DE SOUZA OLIVEIRA FILHO ◽

MARCOS GERVASIO PEREIRA ◽

BOANERGES FREIRE DE AQUINO ◽

THALES VINÍCIUS DE ARAÚJO VIANA

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter Content ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Bottom Layer ◽

Phosphate Fertilizer ◽

P Uptake ◽

Cane Sugar ◽

Matter Content ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Native Forest ◽

P Adsorption

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the adsorption of phosphorus (P) and changes in the concentrations of organic and inorganic forms of P in a Neossolo Quartzarênico (Typic Quartzipsamment) after 9 years of successive cultivation with sugar cane without burning to harvest. Therefore, two areas, one in which cane sugar was planted and a native forest reference area, located in the municipality of Paraipaba-CE, were selected. In each area, samples were collected at depths of 0−0.025, 0.025−0.05, 0.05−0.10, 0.10−0.20, and 0.20−0.30 m, and the levels of organic (Po) and inorganic (Pi) phosphorus obtained by sequential extraction, the remaining phosphorus, and the maximum adsorption capacity of phosphorus by the soil were determined. In general, the permanence of straw on the soil surface under sugarcane cultivation promoted the maintenance of Po levels in the surface layers of the profile. The Po accumulated predominantly in the Po fraction extracted with sodium bicarbonate in both areas. Regarding the Pi content, changes were more evident during cultivation due to the effect of successive phosphate fertilizer applications. The fraction extracted with 0.1 mol L -1 sodium hydroxide was the most representative, with the highest levels of P uptake. P adsorption was influenced by the initial content of the nutrient in the soil and no relationship between P adsorption and organic matter content was observed. The highest level of adsorption was observed in the bottom layer of the forest area (133.3 mg kg -1) and the lowest level of adsorption was observed on the surface layer of the area under sugarcane cultivation (59.5 kg mg-1).

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Geochemistry Properties of Southern Malaysian Organic Soil

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.1340 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 284-287 ◽

pp. 1340-1344 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Felix N.L. Ling ◽

Khairul Anuar Kassim ◽

Ahmad Tarmizi Abdul Karim ◽

Kenny Tiong ◽

C.K. Tan

Keyword(s):

Functional Group ◽

Peat Soil ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Chloride Content ◽

Organic Soil ◽

Interface Layer ◽

Peninsular Malaysia ◽

Matter Content ◽

Sulphate Content

Johore, the southern part of west peninsular Malaysia is found to be rich in peat soil, especially at the Pontian & Batu Pahat district. The physico-chemical properties of the peat soil at the region had been extensively studied by various researches but limited studies were based on the interface layer of peat soil and non organic soil. The behaviour of the interface layer soil is believed to be governed by its organic matter content. Three locations of Batu Pahat, namely Parit Nipah, Parit Sidek & Batu Puteh which are difference in terms of geography setting were chosen in this case study. The main objective of this study is to characterize the geochemistry properties of the organic soil as a guide of its engineering behaviour. The soil specimens were collected using peat auger and undisturbed sampler. The organic contents and types of organic were determined in laboratory based on Loss on Ignition at 440c, carbon content and its molecular functional group. The pH, sulphate content, chloride content and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the organic soil were also determined as a guide of its potential stabilization by using chemical stabilizer. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) were utilized to determine the bulk chemical composition of the soil and its functional group, respectively. The findings of this study are expected to give a better overview of organic soil which enable designer to have a better understanding when dealing with this kind of material.

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