Direct and residual effect of biochar application on mycorrhizal root colonisation, growth and nutrition of wheat

Soil Research ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakaria M. Solaiman ◽  
Paul Blackwell ◽  
Lynette K. Abbott ◽  
Paul Storer
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Root Colonisation ◽  
Mineral Fertiliser ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonisation

The influence of biochar (biomass-derived black carbon) on crop growth and nutrient uptake varies based on the rate of biochar applied with fertilisers. We investigated the effect of deep-banded oil mallee biochar at different rates (0, 1.5, 3.0, and 6 t/ha) with 2 types of fertiliser (non-inoculated MultiMAPS® at 30 or 55 kg/ha; inoculated Western Mineral Fertiliser at 100 kg/ha) on wheat growth at a farmer’s field in a low rainfall area of Western Australia. Wheat yield increased significantly when biochar was applied with inoculated fertiliser and 30 kg/ha non-inoculated fertiliser. Mycorrhizal colonisation in wheat roots increased significantly with biochar application with inoculated mineral fertiliser. Mycorrhizal hyphae may have improved water supply to reduce drought stress in these treatments by extending crop exploration of water from the wide inter-rows. Grain yield increases were due to better grain survival and grain fill with reduced drought stress. Early stage phosphorus uptake was not improved by mycorrhizal colonisation—phosphorus supply from the soil and applied fertiliser was already adequate. The residual effect of biochar and mineral fertilisers was assessed using a mycorrhizal bioassay for soil collected from the field trial 2 years after application of biochar. Biochar and both fertilisers increased mycorrhizal colonisation in clover bioassay plants. Deep-banded biochar provided suitable conditions for mycorrhizal fungi to colonise plant roots.

Crop productivity in relation to species of previous crops and management of previous pasture

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Harris ◽  
G. J. Scammell ◽  
W. J. Müller ◽  
J. F. Angus
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Surprising Result ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Root Colonisation ◽  
Yield Increase

An experiment at Rutherglen in north-eastern Victoria compared 5 grass-removal methods in subterranean clover-based pastures that were grown before cropping sequences of canola–wheat–lupin–wheat or wheat–wheat–lupin–wheat. The cropping sequences were started in 3 successive years to provide replication in time. Grass removal from the pasture was more effective in winter than in spring and led to yield increases by the first and second crops. The largest increase (80%) was by the first canola crop after winter-cleaned pasture. The yield increase by the equivalent wheat crop was 42%. Since annual grasses and canola do not host the same root pathogens, we conclude that the yield responses were not due to root-disease control but probably to increased N supply. Assays of wheat roots confirmed that root disease was negligible throughout the experiment. Wheat growing in the year after canola yielded 11% more than wheat growing after wheat. The most surprising result was a 17% increase in the yield of wheat growing 3 years after canola compared with wheat growing 3 years after wheat, with wheat–lupin sequences in the intervening years for both systems. We suggest that canola and lupin, both of which are non-hosts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, reduced mycorrhizal root colonisation in the fourth-year wheat crop, leading to less drain on assimilates.

Root hair morphology and mycorrhizal colonisation of pasture species in response to phosphorus and nitrogen nutrition

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. Hill ◽  
R. J. Simpson ◽  
M. H. Ryan ◽  
D. F. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Root Hair ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Root Colonisation ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Hair Morphology ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonisation

Root hairs and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) increase the absorptive surface area of a root and the volume of soil explored and as such are important for nutrient acquisition in infertile soil. Root hair morphology and colonisation by AMF were compared for 10 temperate pasture species, and responses to N and P deficiency characterised. Vulpia spp., Holcus lanatus, and Lolium rigidum had the longest root hairs (range 1.02–2.36 mm) while Trifolium subterraneum had the shortest (~0.27 mm). In contrast, T. subterraneum had a much higher density of root hairs than any of the other species. In response to P deficiency, the length and density of root hairs generally increased; in response to N deficiency, both increases and decreases in the length and density of root hairs were observed. The annual dicotyledons T. subterraneum and Arctotheca calendula had much higher mycorrhizal colonisation on roots grown at low P availability than the grasses. Root colonisation decreased with increasing P availability in all species. A yield advantage from mycorrhizal colonisation was demonstrated only for T. subterraneum when P was deficient. The potential root cylinder volume of each species was calculated as an index of the ability of the species to explore soil. Although all plant species were colonised by AMF, a positive linear relationship was observed between relative P uptake rate from the soil and the rate at which potential root cylinder volumes were developed by most species. Development of potential root cylinder volume also largely explained the critical external P requirements of most species. No such relationships were observed for N. It was concluded that knowledge of root length and the length of root hairs grown in nutrient-poor conditions may be used to predict the potential of many plant species to acquire P, and also their critical external P requirement for maximum growth. However, the study also highlighted some exceptional species.

Infectivity and effectiveness of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: effect of inoculum type

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 631 ◽  
Author(s):  
LK Abbott ◽  
AD Robson
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Inoculum Type

Plants, inoculated with four vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi (Glomus fasciculatus, G. monospovus and two isolates of Acaulospova laevis), were grown from 4 to 16 weeks, and the development of infection and spores was followed. Infected roots from pot cultures of different ages were used to examine the effect of mycorrhiza development on the infectivity of each fungus. The effectiveness of each fungus was assessed by measuring its ability to increase the growth of subterranean clover on a phosphate-deficient soil. For all fungi, the percentage of root length infected increased rapidly up to 10 weeks after sowing, and thereafter it either increased only slightly or decreased. Infectivity of root inocula increased with increasing percentage of root length infected in the inoculum for all fungi, except where large numbers of mature spores (24/g infected root) had been produced by one isolate of A. laevis. The infectivity of inoculum roots from pots containing mature spores of this isolate declined rapidly, although it was not decreased by the onset of sporulation by A. laevis. For all fungi, irrespective of the inoculum used, the fresh weight of tops of subterranean clover grown on a phosphate-deficient soil was very closely correlated with the percentage of its root length infected at an early stage of plant growth. That is, the effectiveness of the species of fungi examined at increasing phosphorus uptake into plants was related to the infectivity of the inoculum used.

scholarly journals Physiological and biochemical responses of soybean plants inoculated with Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Bradyrhizobium under drought stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed S. Sheteiwy ◽  
Dina Fathi Ismail Ali ◽  
You-Cai Xiong ◽  
Marian Brestic ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
Reverse Trend ◽  
Soybean Plants

Abstract Background The present study aims to study the effects of biofertilizers potential of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Bradyrhizobium japonicum (B. japonicum) strains on yield and growth of drought stressed soybean (Giza 111) plants at early pod stage (50 days from sowing, R3) and seed development stage (90 days from sowing, R5). Results Highest plant biomass, leaf chlorophyll content, nodulation, and grain yield were observed in the unstressed plants as compared with water stressed-plants at R3 and R5 stages. At soil rhizosphere level, AMF and B. japonicum treatments improved bacterial counts and the activities of the enzymes (dehydrogenase and phosphatase) under well-watered and drought stress conditions. Irrespective of the drought effects, AMF and B. japonicum treatments improved the growth and yield of soybean under both drought (restrained irrigation) and adequately-watered conditions as compared with untreated plants. The current study revealed that AMF and B. japonicum improved catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in the seeds, and a reverse trend was observed in case of malonaldehyde (MDA) and proline under drought stress. The relative expression of the CAT and POD genes was up-regulated by the application of biofertilizers treatments under drought stress condition. Interestingly a reverse trend was observed in the case of the relative expression of the genes involved in the proline metabolism such as P5CS, P5CR, PDH, and P5CDH under the same conditions. The present study suggests that biofertilizers diminished the inhibitory effect of drought stress on cell development and resulted in a shorter time for DNA accumulation and the cycle of cell division. There were notable changes in the activities of enzymes involved in the secondary metabolism and expression levels of GmSPS1, GmSuSy, and GmC-INV in the plants treated with biofertilizers and exposed to the drought stress at both R3 and R5 stages. These changes in the activities of secondary metabolism and their transcriptional levels caused by biofertilizers may contribute to increasing soybean tolerance to drought stress. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that application of biofertilizers to soybean plants is a promising approach to alleviate drought stress effects on growth performance of soybean plants. The integrated application of biofertilizers may help to obtain improved resilience of the agro ecosystems to adverse impacts of climate change and help to improve soil fertility and plant growth under drought stress.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mitigate drought stress in citrus by modulating root microenvironment

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Hui-Qian Cheng ◽  
Bhoopander Giri ◽  
Qiang-Sheng Wu ◽  
Ying-Ning Zou ◽  
Kamil Kuča
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal

Mapping QTLs for yield components and chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters in wheat under three levels of water availability

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona Czyczyło-Mysza ◽  
Izabela Marcińska ◽  
Edyta Skrzypek ◽  
Małgorzata Chrupek ◽  
Stanisław Grzesiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Chlorophyll A Fluorescence ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Interval Mapping ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Single Marker Analysis ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters

Drought is one of the major factors limiting wheat yield in many developing countries worldwide. Parameters of chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics under drought stress conditions have been used to characterize dehydration tolerance in wheat. In the present study, a set of 94 doubled haploid lines obtained from Chinese Spring × SQ1 (CSDH), mapped with 450 markers, was evaluated for yield (grain dry weight/main stem ear), number of grains/main stem ear (NG) and chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters (FC) under moderate and severe drought stress, and compared with results for well-watered plants. quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified using Windows QTLCartographer version 2.5 software and the results were analysed using single-marker analysis (SMA) and composite interval mapping (CIM). Analysis using SMA and CIM showed mostly similar QTLs for all traits, though more QTLs were identified by SMA than by CIM. The genetic control of yield, NG and FC varied considerably between drought-stressed and non-stressed plants. Although no major QTL co-locations were found for yield and FC using CIM, the co-location of QTLs for NG, yield and Fv/Fm in drought-stressed plants was observed on chromosome 5A using SMA.

scholarly journals WATER USE EFFICIENCY, GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHEAT CULTIVATED UNDER COMPETITION WITH Setaria

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.Z. IHSAN ◽  
F.S. EL-NAKHLAWY ◽  
S.M. ISMAIL
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Use Efficiency

ABSTRACT Understanding the critical period of weed competition is indispensable in the development of an effective weed management program in field crops. Current experiment was planned to evaluate the critical growth period ofSetaria and level of yield losses associated with delay in weeding in rain-fed drip irrigated wheat production system of Saudi Arabia. Field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of weeding interval (07-21, 14-28, 21-35, 28-42 and 35-49 days after sowing) and drought stress (75% and 50% of field capacity) on Setaria growth, wheat yield and water use efficiency. Season long weedy check and wellwatered (100% FC) plots were also maintained for comparison. Weeding interval and drought stress significantly (p ≤ 0.05) affected the growth and yield of Setaria and wheat. Drought stress from 75% to 50% FC resulted in reductions of 29-40% in Setaria height, 14-27% in Setaria density and 11-26% in Setaria dry biomass. All weeding intervals except 35-49 DAS significantly suppressedSetaria growth as compared with control. Delay in weeding increased weed-crop competition interval and reduced wheat yield and yield contributors. Therefore, the lowest yield of 1836 kg ha-1 was attained for weeding interval of 35-49 DAS at 50% FC. Water use efficiency and harvest index increased with decreasing FC levels but reduced with delay in weeding. Correlation analysis predicted negative association ofSetariadensity with wheat yield and yield contributors and the highest negative association was for harvest index (-0.913) and water use efficiency (-0.614). Early management of Setaria is imperative for successful wheat production otherwise yield losses are beyond economical limits.

scholarly journals Over-Optimistic Projected Future Wheat Yield Potential in the North China Plain: The Role of Future Climate Extremes

Agronomy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Rui Yang ◽  
Panhong Dai ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Tao Jin ◽  
Ke Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
The North ◽  
The North China Plain ◽  
Stress Environments

Global warming and altered precipitation patterns pose a serious threat to crop production in the North China Plain (NCP). Quantifying the frequency of adverse climate events (e.g., frost, heat and drought) under future climates and assessing how those climatic extreme events would affect yield are important to effectively inform and make science-based adaptation options for agriculture in a changing climate. In this study, we evaluated the effects of heat and frost stress during sensitive phenological stages at four representative sites in the NCP using the APSIM-wheat model. climate data included historical and future climates, the latter being informed by projections from 22 Global Climate Models (GCMs) in the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) for the period 2031–2060 (2050s). Our results show that current projections of future wheat yield potential in the North China Plain may be overestimated; after more accurately accounting for the effects of frost and heat stress in the model, yield projections for 2031-60 decreased from 31% to 9%. Clustering of common drought-stress seasonal patterns into key groups revealed that moderate drought stress environments are likely to be alleviated in the future, although the frequency of severe drought-stress environments would remain similar (25%) to that occurring under the current climate. We highlight the importance of mechanistically accounting for temperature stress on crop physiology, enabling more robust projections of crop yields under future the burgeoning climate crisis.

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