Degree of compactness, soil physical properties and yield of soybean in six soils under no-tillage

Soil Research ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 311 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. A. S. Suzuki ◽  
J. M. Reichert ◽  
D. J. Reinert
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Uniaxial Compression ◽  
Compression Test ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Uniaxial Compression Test ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Undisturbed Soil

The ‘degree of compactness’ is a useful parameter to study soil compaction and represents the current bulk density in relation to the bulk density of the same soil in a reference state. The objectives of this study were to: (i) determine the best compression stress to establish the reference bulk density in the uniaxial compression test using undisturbed samples; (ii) quantify the effect of texture on degree of compactness, and (iii) evaluate the influence of degree of compactness on selected soil physical properties and crop yield. Six soils under no-tillage from southern Brazil were used and the reference bulk density was evaluated on soil samples equilibrated to the matric suction of 33 kPa and subjected to uniaxial compression test. Soil macroporosity, mechanical penetration resistance, root growth, and yield of soybean were also evaluated. For undisturbed soil samples, stresses ≥800 kPa (particularly the stress of 1600 kPa) are appropriate to determine the reference bulk density. Degree of compactness is independent of clay content and is associated with changes in soil physical properties. A degree of compactness ~100% restricted root growth of soybean, whereas the highest soybean yield was obtained with a DC of 82% for Alfisols and Ultisol, and 85% for Oxisols.

scholarly journals Predicting Unit Pressure Indispendable for Generation of Specific Compaction of a Soil Sample

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Kinga Śnieg ◽  
Dariusz Błażejczak ◽  
Małgorzata Słowik
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Uniaxial Compression ◽  
Compression Test ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Uniaxial Compression Test ◽  
Group Density ◽  
Unit Pressure

AbstractThe objective of the research was to construct an empirical model for prediction of a unit pressure indispensable for generation of a specific compaction of soil samples. Soil material in the form of loose mass was collected from the soil layer deposited in the depth from 35 to 40 cm and then its typical properties were determined (textural group, density of solid particles, humus content, reaction, plastic and liquid limits) and in order to compact it in Proctor apparatus and in the uniaxial compression test. Results of both tests were used for construction of regression models reflecting the course of the unit strength (Pρd) necessary to generate compaction (ρdj) equal to the dry bulk density obtained in Proctor apparatus (ρdp), in relation to the sample moisture (ρdm). Searching for relations was restricted to the scope of moisure between an optimal one acc. to Proctor and the soil plastic limit. It was stated that the pressure value Pρdp made on the soil sample in the uniaxial compression test depends significantly on ws and ρdm, and for description of this relation the use of multiple regression is sufficient. It was found out that for model samples with a textural group of silt loam and loam, differences in dry bulk density obtained in Proctor apparatus are approximately up to 0.15 g⋅cm−3.

scholarly journals Soybean root growth and crop yield in reponse to liming at the beginning of a no-tillage system

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 262-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson Campanhola Bortoluzzi ◽  
Guilherme Luis Parize ◽  
Jackson Korchagin ◽  
Vanderlei Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Danilo dos Santos Rheinheimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Soybean Root ◽  
Surface Application ◽  
Tillage System

Analyzing the soil near crop roots may reveal limitations to growth and yield even in a no-tillage system. The purpose of the present study was to relate the chemical and physical properties of soil under a no-tillage system to soybean root growth and plant yield after five years of use of different types of limestone and forms of application. A clayey Oxisol received application of dolomitic and calcitic limestones and their 1:1 combination in two forms: surface application, maintained on the soil surface; and incorporated, applied on the surface and incorporated mechanically. Soil physical properties (resistance to mechanical penetration, soil bulk density and soil aggregation), soil chemical properties (pH, exchangeable cations, H+Al, and cation exchange capacity) and plant parameters (root growth system, soybean grain yield, and oat dry matter production) were evaluated five years after setting up the experiment. Incorporation of lime neutralized exchangeable Al up to a depth of 20 cm without affecting the soil physical properties. The soybean root system reached depths of 40 cm or more with incorporated limestone, increasing grain yield an average of 31 % in relation to surface application, which limited the effect of lime up to a depth of 5 cm and root growth up to 20 cm. It was concluded that incorporation of limestone at the beginning of a no-tillage system ensures a favorable environment for root growth and soybean yield, while this intervention does not show long-term effects on soil physical properties under no-tillage. This suggests that there is resilience in the physical properties evaluated.

scholarly journals KAJIAN SIFAT FISIKA TANAH SUB DAS AIR BATANANG DAS SUMPUR KECAMATAN BATIPUH KABUPATEN TANAH DATAR

Jurnal Solum ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Yulnafatmawita Yulnafatmawita ◽  
Amrizal Saidi ◽  
Al Asfhihani Elnita
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Fine Clay ◽  
Bulk Volume

Excessive utilization of natural resource by human being will affect the sustainability of agriculture, land and environment.  This is due to degradation of soil physical properties in the area.  A research about study of soil physical properties had been taken out in a sub-sub watershed Batanang of Sumpur watershed, Batipuh, Tanah Datar Regency, in West Sumatra.  The research was conducted by surveying the area in 2006.  Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were taken in different land units.  Then, soil samples were analysed at soil laboratory, Agriculture College, Andalas University Padang.  The result showed that all of land units in this sub sub watersehed had the same soil texture class, that was fine clay.  The bulk volume of the soil was higher in Mixed woodland unit than those in forest land units.  Permeability value of the soil was higher at forest from all degrees of slope than that at mixed woodland, even though soil organic matter content of mixed woodland unit higher than that at forest with 25-45% slope.Keywords: Sub watershed (DAS), forest,  land unit, soil physical properties

scholarly journals Levels of induced pressure and compaction as caused by forest harvesting operations

CERNE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Cristina Caruana Martins ◽  
Moacir de Souza Dias Junior ◽  
Josemar da Silva Carvalho ◽  
Arystides Resende Silva ◽  
Sebastião Machado Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Uniaxial Compression ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Uniaxial Compression Test ◽  
Traffic Intensity ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Red Latosol

This study aimed to determine levels of pressure and compaction induced by forest harvesting operations in a Red Latosol (LV) under planted eucalyptus. Undisturbed soil samples were collected from layers 0-3 and 15-18 cm and then used in a uniaxial compression test. Sampling was done before and after harvesting operations. Equipment being evaluated included: harvester, feller buncher, forwarder, self-loading adapted tractor, standard truck, wide-tire truck and grapple saw. Average pressures induced by the grapple saw were 320 kPa and 272 kPa, causing compaction in 80% and 20% of samples respectively from layers 0-3 cm and 15-18 cm, which indicates substantial degradation of soil structure in areas where timber is processed. In layer 0-3 cm, average pressures induced by the harvester and by the feller buncher were 240 kPa and 263 kPa respectively, while in layer 15-18 cm pressures were 234 kPa and 239 kPa respectively. The feller buncher caused higher soil compaction than the harvester in layer 0-3 cm, yet in layer 15-18 cm they had similar behavior. All timber forwarding equipment led to soil compaction. The wide-tire truck was the forwarding implement promoting the highest rate of compaction, in both residue conditions. Traffic intensity 7 promoted the highest rate of soil compaction.

scholarly journals Temporary effect of chiseling on the compaction of a Rhodic Hapludox under no-tillage

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 547-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sâmala Glícia Carneiro Silva ◽  
Álvaro Pires da Silva ◽  
Neyde Fabíola Balarezo Giarola ◽  
Cássio Antônio Tormena ◽  
João Carlos de Moraes Sá
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Structural Recovery ◽  
One Year ◽  
High Degree

Mechanical chiseling has been used to alleviate the effects of compaction in soils under no-tillage (NT). However, its effect on the soil physical properties does not seem to have a defined duration period. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the behavior of the bulk density (BD) and degree of compaction (DC) at different soil depths, after chiseling in no-tillage, for one year. The experiment was performed in Ponta Grossa, Paraná State, Brazil, using an Oxisol (Rhodic Hapludox). Bulk density and DC were previously measured in an area under NT for 16 years, then immediately after chiseling (CHI) in May 2009, six months after chiseling (CHI6M) in October 2009 and one year after chiseling (CHI12M) in May 2010. In the layers 0.0-0.10, 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.30 m, there was a significant BD reduction CHI and a marked increase CHI6M. The BD values measured CHI12M were similar to those before tillage. Chiseling reduced the DC in the layers 0.0-0.10 m and 0.10-0.20 m, but returned to the initial values one year later. During the evaluation periods CHI, CHI6M and CHI12M, the BD increased in the layer 0.30-0.40 m, compared with NT. The highest DC values were observed six months after chiseling; nevertheless the structural recovery of the soil was considerable, possibly due to the high degree of soil resilience and the influence of the wetting and drying cycles detected in the study period. The chiseling effects, evaluated by BD and DC, lasted less than one year, i.e., the beneficial short-term effects of chiseling on the reduction of the surface BD increased the risk of compaction in deeper soil layers.

Small-scale Spatial Variability of Hydro-physical Properties of Differently Degraded Peat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miaorun Wang ◽  
Haojie Liu ◽  
Bernd Lennartz
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Van Genuchten Model

<p>Spatial variability of soil properties is important for hydrological studies. However, little information is available on the spatial variability of hydro-physical properties of peat soils. Three study sites: natural, degraded and extremely degraded peatland were selected for this study. At each site, 72 undisturbed soil cores were collected from 5m by 5m grid cells in an area of 40m by 45m. The saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), soil water retention curves, total porosity, macroporosity, bulk density and soil organic matter (OM) content were determined for all sampling locations. The van Genuchten model parameters (θs, α, n) were optimized using the RETC software package. A strong positive correlation between macroporosity and Ks was observed irrespective of the degradation stage of the peat. However, the relationships between macroporosity and Ks differed for the different sites. The soil physical properties (e.g. OM content and bulk density) exhibited different levels of spatial autocorrelation depending on the soil degradation stage. The cross-semivariograms showed a strong or moderate spatial dependency between soil physical properties and van Genuchten model parameters. The more a peat soil is degraded, the more likely it is that soil physical properties are spatially dependent. In conclusion, degradation stage plays an important role and should be considered more often in spatial analysis. The obtained cross-semivariogram may serve as a basis for 2D and 3D hydrological modelling. </p>

scholarly journals Pengaruh Frekuensi Pengolahan Tanah dan Pupuk Kompos terhadap Sifat Fisik Tanah dan Hasil Jagung

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
I PUTU DHARMA ◽  
I NYOMAN PUJA
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
No Tillage

The Effect of Soil Tillages Frequency and Compost Fertilizer on Soil Physical Properties and Corn Yields. The aims of this research is to determine of effect soil tillage frequency and compost fertilizer on soil physical properties and corn yields. The method was used a Randomized Block Design (RBD), factorial consisting of two factors, namely: Soil Tillages Frequency (T) consists of 3 levels, namely: T0 = no tillage; T1 = if one time and T2 = if twice. Compost Fertilizer (K) consists of 3 levels, namely: K0 = Without compost, K1 = 5 tons compost/ha and B2 = 10 tons compost/ha. Combination treatment into 9 treatments, namely T0K0 , T0K1, T0K2, T1K0, T1K1, T1K2, T2K0, T2K1, T2K2. and each treatment was repeated 3 times, so there were 27 research plots.The results showed that the soil tillage frequency and compost fertilizer had no significant effect on the soil physical properties and corn yields. Twice soil tillage frequency resulted bulk density, porosity, soil moisture content and dry corn yields respectively 1.01 g/cm3, 60.98%, 37.31% and 0.83 kg/m2, and not significant different compared with no tillage which is 1.03 g/cm3, 60.43%, 36.57% and 0.81 kg/m2. Addition of 10 tons compost/ha resulted bulk density, porosity, soil moisture content and dry corn yield respectively 0.99 g/cm3, 61.75%, 38.21% and 0.86 kg/m2, and not significant different compared with without compost fertilizer which is 1.06 g/cm3, 59.40%, 36.44% and 0.80 kg/m2.

Trade-off between soil pH, bulk density and other soil physical properties under global no-tillage agriculture

Geoderma ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 361 ◽  
pp. 114099
Author(s):  
Yuan Li ◽  
Zhou Li ◽  
Song Cui ◽  
Qingping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Trade Off

scholarly journals Soil physical properties and sugarcane root growth in a red oxiso

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Euripides Baquero ◽  
Ricardo Ralisch ◽  
Cristiane de Conti Medina ◽  
João Tavares Filho ◽  
Maria de Fátima Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Growing Seasons

Sugarcane, which involves the use of agricultural machinery in all crop stages, from soil preparation to harvest, is currently one of the most relevant crops for agribusiness in Brazil. The purpose of this study was to investigate soil physical properties and root growth in a eutroferric red Oxisol (Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico) after different periods under sugarcane. The study was carried out in a cane plantation in Rolândia, Paraná State, where treatments consisted of a number of cuts (1, 3, 8, 10 and 16), harvested as green and burned sugarcane, at which soil bulk density, macro and microporosity, penetration resistance, as well as root length, density and area were determined. Results showed that sugarcane management practices lead to alterations in soil penetration resistance, bulk density and porosity, compared to native forest soil. These alterations in soil physical characteristics impede the full growth of the sugarcane root system beneath 10 cm, in all growing seasons analyzed.

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