scholarly journals EFEITO DO CULTIVO DA CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR NA ESTABILIDADE DE AGREGADOS E NA CONDUTIVIDADE HIDRÁULICA DO SOLO

Irriga ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilton Bezerra de Góes ◽  
Thiago Claudino Greggio ◽  
José Frederico Centurion ◽  
Amauri Nelson Beutler ◽  
Itamar Andrioli
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Natural Vegetation ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
The Stability

EFEITO DO CULTIVO DA CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR NA ESTABILIDADE DE AGREGADOS E NA CONDUTIVIDADE HIDRÁULICA  DO SOLO  Gilton Bezerra de Góes;  Thiago Claudino Greggio;  José Frederico Centurion; Amauri Nelson Beutler; Itamar Andrioli Departamento de Solos e Adubos, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP.   1 RESUMO Para o cultivo de cana-de-açúcar ocorre intenso revolvimento do solo durante as operações de preparo para o plantio e à adubação.  Este estudo objetivou avaliar a estabilidade de agregados e a condutividade hidráulica de um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico sob cana-de-açúcar com diferentes idades e sob vegetação natural. O experimento foi realizado em Jaboticabal, SP. Os sistemas de uso foram: solo sob mata natural (M), solo sob cana-de-açúcar de 1 ano (C1), sob cana-de-açúcar de 3 anos (C3) e sob cana-de-açúcar de 7 anos (C7). Para avaliação da estabilidade de agregados utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em parcela subdividida, com seis repetições, nas camadas de 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 e 30-40 cm; e para avaliação da condutividade hidráulica, o delineamento foi o inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições, na profundidade de 20 cm. Os sistemas de uso do solo com cana-de-açúcar reduzem a estabilidade de agregados e a condutividade hidráulica saturada em relação à mata nativa. UNITERMOS: atributos físicos, Saccharum officinarum.  GÓES, G.B.; GREGGIO, T.C.; CENTURION, J.F.; BEUTLER, A.N.; ANDRIOLI, I.  EFFECT OF SUGAR CANE CULTIVATION ON  SOIL AGGREGATE STABILITY AND HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY  2 ABSTRACT For sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum) cultivation, the soil is intensively revolved during planting and fertilization tillage. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the stability of aggregated soil and hydraulic conductivity in Oxisol soil under different age sugar cane and natural vegetation. The experiment was carried out in Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. The systems of soil uses were the following ones: soil under natural vegetation (M), soil under 1-year sugar cane (C1), soil under 3-year sugar cane (C3) and under 7-year sugar cane (C7). A completely random design with subdivided plots and 6 replications were used in layers of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm and 30-40 cm to evaluate the stability of aggregated soil; for hydraulic conductivity, an entirely randomized design and 5 replications were used at the depth of 20 cm. The systems of soil uses for sugar cane cultivation reduced the stability of aggregated soil and saturated hydraulic conductivity in relation to native vegetation. KEYWORDS: Physical attributes, Saccharum officinarum.

scholarly journals Treated wastewater irrigation effects on soil hydraulic conductivity and aggregate stability of loamy soils in Israel

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karsten Schacht ◽  
Bernd Marschner
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Irrigation Effects ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The use of treated wastewater (TWW) for agricultural irrigation becomes increasingly important in water stressed regions like the Middle East for substituting fresh water (FW) resources. Due to elevated salt concentrations and organic compounds in TWW this practice has potential adverse effects on soil quality, such as the reduction of hydraulic conductivity (HC) and soil aggregate stability (SAS). To assess the impact of TWW irrigation in comparison to FW irrigation on HC, in-situ infiltration measurements using mini disk infiltrometer were deployed in four different long-term experimental orchard test sites in Israel. Topsoil samples (0-10 cm) were collected for analyzing SAS and determination of selected soil chemical and physical characteristics. The mean HC values decreased at all TWW sites by 42.9% up to 50.8% compared to FW sites. The SAS was 11.3% to 32.4% lower at all TWW sites. Soil electrical conductivity (EC) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) were generally higher at TWW sites. These results indicate the use of TWW for irrigation is a viable, but potentially deleterious option, as it influences soil physical and chemical properties.

Vegetation dynamics drive the evolution of soil aggregate stability during the first 14,000 years of soil development in the Swiss alps

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Greinwald ◽  
Tobias Gebauer ◽  
Ludwig Treuter ◽  
Victoria Kolodziej ◽  
Alessandra Musso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Dynamics ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Alpine Regions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Positive Effect

<p><strong>Aims:</strong></p><p>The stability of hillslopes is an essential ecosystem service, especially in alpine regions with soils prone to erosion. One key variable controlling hillslope stability is soil aggregate stability. However, there is comparatively little knowledge about how vegetation dynamics affect soil aggregate stability during landscape evolution.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong></p><p>We quantified soil aggregate stability by determining the Aggregate Stability Coefficient (ASC), which was developed for stone-rich soils. To reveal how hillslope aging and corresponding changes in vegetation affect the evolution of ASC, we measured plant cover, diversity, and root traits along two chronosequences in the Swiss Alps.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong></p><p>We found a significant positive effect of vegetation cover and diversity on ASC that was mediated via root traits. These relationships, however, developed in a time-depended manner: At young terrain ages, above- and belowground vegetation characteristics had a stronger effect on aggregate stability than species diversity, whereas these relationships were weaker at older stages.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong></p><p>Our findings highlight the importance of vegetation dynamics for the evolution of aggregate stability and enhance our understanding of processes linked to hillslope stabilization, which is a key priority to avoid further soil degradation and connected risks to human safety in alpine areas.</p>

Amending soil with sludge, manure, humic acid, orthophosphate and phytic acid: effects on aggregate stability

Soil Research ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Mamedov ◽  
B. Bar-Yosef ◽  
I. Levkovich ◽  
R. Rosenberg ◽  
A. Silber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Structural Stability ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Soil Structural Stability ◽  
The Stability

Recycling of organic wastes via their incorporation in cultivated lands is known to alter soil structural stability. Aggregate stability tests are commonly used to express quantitatively the susceptibility of soil structural stability to deformation. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of biosolids addition, namely composted manure (MC) and activated sludge (AS), and spiking of the soils with orthophosphate (OP), phytic acid (PA) or humic acid (HA), on soil aggregate stability of semi-arid loamy sand, loam and clay soils before and after subjecting the soils to six rain storms (each 30 mm rain with a break of 3–4 days). Aggregate stability was determined from water-retention curves at high matric potential. The effects of the applied amendments on pre- and post-rain aggregate stability were inconsistent and soil-dependent. For the pre-rain state, all of the tested amendments improved aggregate stability relative to the control. For the post-rain condition, aggregate stability was lower in the MC, OP and PA treatments and higher in the AS and HA treatments than in the control. The coarse-textured loam and loamy sand soils were more affected by the soil amendments than the clay soil. For the pre-rain state, addition of organic matter significantly improved macro-porosity and hence the stability of apparent macro-aggregate (>250 μm). Our results indicate a possible advantage for separation of aggregates into macro- and micro-aggregates for more precise evaluation and understanding of the effects organic amendments might have on aggregate stability.

scholarly journals Effective hydraulic conductivity and its relationship with the other attributes of Cerrado soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 357-363
Author(s):  
Edwaldo D. Bocuti ◽  
Ricardo S. S. Amorim ◽  
Luis A. Di L. Di Raimo ◽  
Wellington de A. Magalhães ◽  
Emílio C. de Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Total Carbon Content ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Effective Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Physical Attributes

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the effective hydraulic conductivity of six areas located in the Cerrado region of Mato Grosso, Brazil, and to identify physical attributes of soils with potential for predicting effective hydraulic conductivity. The tests to determine the effective hydraulic conductivity were carried out in six areas, covering the textural classes sand, sandy loam and clay, and the following uses: pasture, Cerrado and agriculture. Particle size, sand fractionation, total carbon content, degree of clay flocculation, bulk density, macroporosity, microporosity, mean weight diameter, mean geometric diameter and aggregate stability index were determined. From the data, statistical analyses of contrasts were performed by the Kruskal - Wallis test, and simple Pearson’s correlation coefficient was determined between variables. The average values of effective hydraulic conductivity for the pasture, agriculture and Cerrado areas were 95.73, 27.83 and 48.31 mm h-1, respectively. Higher value of effective hydraulic conductivity was observed in the Pasture area point 2 when compared to the Agriculture area point 2, because the amount of clay determined in Agriculture area was approximately 16 times greater than that of the area Pasture point 2, conditioning lower water infiltration in the soil profile of the area Agriculture point 2. Among the physical attributes analyzed, those with the highest potential for Ke prediction were: clay, silt, sand (coarse, medium and fine), total carbon and aggregate stability index.

scholarly journals Role of Gliricidia sepium in Improving Aggregate Stability of Ultisol Limau Manis Padang: A LABoratory study

Jurnal Solum ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Yulnafatmawita Yulnafatmawita ◽  
Asmar Asmar ◽  
Vitria Purnamasari
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
The Stability

There is no much public concern about soil aggregate stability improvement of a soil.  This is due to the fact that it does not directly affect crop yield for a short term, but it determines sustainable agriculture and development for a long term.  This research was aimed to investigate soil physical properties especially soil aggregate stability of Ultisols after fresh OM application, then to determine the exact OM dosage to improve the stability.  Ultisols used was from Limau Manis (± 367 m asl), an area in lower footslope of Mount Gadut, having wet tropical rainforest. Due to land use change, farming activities in that sloping area could enhance erosion process in the environment.  Therefore, efforts to anticipate the erosion must be found.  Fresh OM applied was Gliricidia sepium which was found plenty in the area.  Five levels of fresh Gliricidia sepium, were 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 t/ha.  Top soil (0-20 cm depth) was mixed with OM, then incubated for 3 months in glasshouse.  The results after a 3-month incubation showed that SOM content did not statistically increase, but it improved based on the criteria, from very low to low level as OM was applied for ≥ 10 t/ha. It seemed that 10 t/ha Gliricidia sepium was the best dosage at this condition. There was a positive correlation between SOM content and aggregate stability index of Ultisols after fresh Gliricidia sepium addition.Keywords: Ultisols, soil aggregate stability, soil organic matter content

Biological soil crusts mediate changes in soil aggregate stability along a climate gradient in Chile

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás Riveras Muñoz ◽  
Steffen Seitz ◽  
Corinna Gall ◽  
Hugo Pérez ◽  
Peter Kuehn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Biological Soil Crusts ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Climate Gradient ◽  
Soil Crusts ◽  
Stabilizing Effect ◽  
The Stability

<p>Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) composed of cyanobacteria, algae, lichens and bryophytes have a stabilizing effect on the soil surface. This effect is mostly studied in arid climates, where biocrusts are the main biological agent to steady and bind together soil aggregates. Nevertheless, biocrusts are also an integral part of the soil surface under semi-humid and humid climate conditions, mainly covering open spaces in forests and on fallow lands. As such, they often develop after vegetation disturbances, when their ability to compete with higher plants is increased. To better understand how biocrusts mediate changes in soil aggregate stability under different climatic conditions, we analyzed soil substrates taken under biocrust communities from four national parks in Chile using dry and wet sieving. These samples cover soils from a large climate gradient from arid (Pan de Azúcar), semiarid (Santa Gracia), mediterranean (La Campana) to humid (Nahuelbuta). <br>Biocrust communities were dominated by cyanobacteria in Pan de Azúcar and Santa Gracia, bryophytes and lichens in La Campana and bryophytes in Nahuelbuta. They showed a stabilizing effect on the soil surface in three of the four investigated climates. Their presence increased the Mean Weight Diameter of the aggregates (MWD) by 102% in Pan de Azúcar, 208% in Santa Gracia and 82% in La Campana. In Nahuelbuta there was no significant increase to the condition without biocrust, because the abundance of permanent soil covering higher vegetation does not allow the effect of biocrusts to manifest. The stabilization differed between the aggregate fractions studied, being most pronounced for smaller aggregates >2 mm. The Geometric Mean Diameter (GMD) showed similar results as MWD, but with a clear effect of drying and wetting conditions, as an increase in the stability directly related to precipitation and the climatic gradient. Bulk density (BD) changed from high mean values of 1.50 g cm<sup>-3</sup> in Pan de Azúcar and 1.63 g cm<sup>-3</sup> in Santa Gracia (where cattle grazing was observed) to 1.16 g cm<sup>-3</sup> in La Campana and the lowest mean of 0.62 g cm<sup>-3</sup> in Nahuelbuta, where we observed a more developed soil structure and high organic matter content (21.58% in average). Accordingly, here we also found pronounced hydrophobicity of the soil. These preliminary findings indicate not only differences in the stability of the aggregates, but also in the state of conservation and management of the soils. Results will now be extended by further statistical analyses, which will additionally be presented at vEGU21.</p>

The Effect of Synthetic Soil Conditioners on Soil-Aggregate Stability and the Production of Potatoes and Stringless Beans

1969 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
R. Pérez-Escolar ◽  
M. A. Lugo-López
Keyword(s):  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Intermediate Level ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Conditioners ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Stability

Data are presented here on the effect of the synthetic soil conditioners Krilium (formulations 6 and 9) and Aerotil on the aggregate stability of Juncos clay and on the yield of potatoes and string beans. The conditioners used were formulations 6 and 9 of Krilium, dry form, and Aerotil, wettable flakes, each at rates of 900, 1,800, and 3,600 pounds to the acre. At all levels Krilium 6 showed the highest aggregate-stabilizing capacity. Significant and highly significant differences were obtained between the stability of soil aggregates in the check plots and in all conditioner-treated plots, except where Krilium 9 was used at the minimum level. The production of potatoes of the Kennebeck variety was significantly increased by conditioner treatment, except at the low levels of both Krilium formulations and the intermediate level of formulation 6. Stringless beans did not respond to the increased stability of soil aggregates, which stresses the importance of recognizing crop differences in assessing soil characteristics.

The role of Ca-organic interactions in soil aggregate stability .II. Field studies with 14C-labeled straw, CaCO3 and CaSO4.2.H2O

Soil Research ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Muneer ◽  
JM Oades
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Dispersible Clay

Uniformly 14C-labelled straw with or without CaCO3 or CaSO4.2H2O was incubated in a leached, fine sandy loam in the field. The addition of both Ca salts increased the residual 14C in the soil after several months decomposition, CaSO4.2H2O being more effective than CaCO3 in this respect. Addition of the Ca salts decreased the amount of dispersible clay and increased the proportion of particles 50-250 �m diameter. The addition of 14C-labelled wheat straw (with or without CaSO4.2H2O or CaCO3) increased the stability of aggregates >2000 pm diameter. Addition of Ca during decomposition of straw resulted in a synergistic stabilization of aggregates >1 mm. Moreover, the stabilization was prolonged in the presence of Ca.

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