scholarly journals Identification of kill sites from GPS clusters for jaguars (Panthera onca) in the southern Pantanal, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric M. Gese ◽  
Patricia A. Terletzky ◽  
Sandra M. C. Cavalcanti
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Panthera Onca ◽  
Multivariate Models ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Gps Collars ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Prey Remains ◽  
Kill Site ◽  
Habitat Variables

Context Understanding predator–prey relationships is important for making informed management decisions. Knowledge of jaguar (Panthera onca) predation on livestock and native prey is imperative for future conservation of jaguars in Central and South America. Aim As part of an investigation to determine predation patterns of jaguars in the southern Pantanal, Brazil, we examined spatial, temporal and habitat variables, which are useful in categorising location clusters as kill sites and non-kill sites. Methods Using GPS-collars on 10 jaguars we obtained a total of 11 784 locations, from which 877 clusters were identified, visited and examined for prey remains. Of the 877 clusters, 421 were associated with a kill and 456 clusters were not associated with a kill. We used univariate and multivariate models to examine the influence of spatial (distance to nearest: water, dense cover, road; dispersion of points), temporal (season, time, number of nights, duration) and habitat (percentage of seven habitat classes, dominant habitat class) variables on categorising clusters as kill or non-kill sites. Key results We found the time a jaguar spent at a cluster (duration), the dispersion of points around the centre of the cluster (dispersion) and the number of nights spent at the cluster were all reliable predictors of whether a cluster was a kill or non-kill site. The best model predicting the likelihood a cluster was a jaguar kill site was a combination of duration and dispersion. Habitat variables were not important in discriminating kills from non-kill sites. Conclusion We identified factors useful for discriminating between kills and non-kill sites for jaguars. We found that as a jaguar spent more time at a cluster and as the dispersion of points around the centre of the cluster increased, the higher likelihood the cluster was a jaguar kill. Similarly, as the number of nights spent at the cluster increased, the greater the probability the cluster was a kill. Implications Our results will increase the efficiency of field investigations of location clusters in determining predation patterns of jaguars in Central and South America. Being able to prioritise which location clusters should be investigated will assist researchers with limited time and resources.

scholarly journals Paleogene community change among terrestrial vertebrates of the Western Hemisphere

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 282-282
Author(s):  
Richard K. Stucky
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Community Change ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Dental Morphology ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrates ◽  
Morphological Adaptations ◽  
Dinosaur Extinction

Paleogene vertebrate communities in North and South America show dramatic changes in taxonomic composition and ecological organization. Worldwide, mammals diversified substantially following dinosaur extinction (Fig. 1). Most families of living vertebrates appear by the end of the Paleogene. In North America, placental omnivores, herbivores and carnivores dominate mammalian communities, but in South America marsupial carnivores and omnivores and placental herbivores dominate them. Immigration from Asia and Europe to North America of taxa from several placental orders (Perissodactyla, Primates, Artiodactyla, Rodentia, Carnivora, Mesonychia, Creodonta) occurred periodically during the Paleogene. South America, however, was completely isolated from the Paleocene to the Oligocene when Rodentia and perhaps Primates first appear. Despite the independent evolutionary histories of these continents, their constituent species show remarkable convergences in morphological adaptations including body size distributions, dental morphology, and other features. Low resolution chronostratigraphic data for the Paleogene of South America precludes correlation with North American faunas. In North America, patterns of diversification and extinction appear to be related to climatic events. Morphological convergences appear to be related to climate and concomitant habitat change, but may also be a function of coevolution via predator-prey interactions and diffuse competition among guild members.

Vervet monkey (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) alarm calls to leopards (Panthera pardus) function as a predator deterrent

Behaviour ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 153 (5) ◽  
pp. 591-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne A. Isbell ◽  
Laura R. Bidner
Keyword(s):  
Alarm Call ◽  
Vervet Monkey ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Alarm Calls ◽  
Gps Data ◽  
Vervet Monkeys ◽  
Panthera Pardus ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Gps Collars ◽  
Chlorocebus Pygerythrus

Behavioural predator–prey interactions are difficult to study, especially when predators avoid humans. To gain greater understanding of their dynamism, we conducted a 14-month field study in which we minimized human presence by employing acoustic recorders and camera traps, along with GPS collars deployed on vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) and leopards (Panthera pardus) in Laikipia, Kenya. Recordings at the vervets’ sleeping site revealed that they gave ‘leopard’ alarm calls most frequently near dusk and dawn, whereas photographs showed that leopards approached vervets more closely at night, when the monkeys alarm-called less often. GPS data showed that after vervets alarm-called, leopards within 200 m quickly moved away, changing direction, but when vervets did not alarm-call, leopards continued moving forward. These results reveal that vervets’ leopard alarm calls function as a predator deterrent in addition to a conspecific warning call.

scholarly journals Movement ecology of jaguars and predator-prey interactions.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Cruz González ◽  
Daniela Medellin ◽  
Vicente Urios ◽  
Heliot Zarza ◽  
Gerardo Ceballos
Keyword(s):  
Average Distance ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Movement Ecology ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Gps Collars ◽  
Co Detection ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Jaguars (Panthera onca) are the largest felids in America, mainly threatened by habitat and prey density loss and hunting. Jaguars are mainly nocturnal predators that need large portions of suitable habitat with abundant prey populations. The aim of this work was to assess both jaguar and prey activity patterns, their relations and to understand if the presence/absence of prey and their activity patterns might determine the movements of jaguars in a spatio-temporal frame. We used data from camera trapping records of 125 jaguar events of presence from 9,360 camera trap days effort and data from five jaguars with GPS collars, to analyze: 1) Activity patterns; 2) Speed movement; 3) Traveled distances and 4) Co-occurrence for jaguars and preys. Differences between sexes and between seasons were also evaluated. A total of 12,566 segments of movement were recorded. Two activity peaks were identified between 07:00-08:00 and 22:00-23:00 hours. Average traveled distance was 265.66 m/h (± 390.98 m/h). The maximum hourly distance was 2,760.25 m/h; with significant differences considering the hour of day (χ2 = 324.51, df 11, p < 0.001), with higher mean values between 00:00 and 08:00 h. The average distance covered by males was higher than females (Z –24.827, p < 0.001): 341.64 ± 440.03 m/h and 146.31 ± 259.04 m/h respectively. Significant differences considering seasons were found (Z = –16.442, p < 0.001): average distance during the dry season was 230.35 ± 365.87 m/h and was higher during the rainy season: 337.082 ± 430.45 m/h. Differences according to season were also consistent considering males and females separately (males: Z = –6.212, p < 0.001; females: Z = –15.801, p < 0.001). Occupation model analysis revealed that two of the five pairs of species (P. onca and P. tajacu and P. onca and C. paca) occur with more frequency than if they were independent, while in terms of co-detection, P. onca and P. tajacu and P. onca and C. paca showed independence

scholarly journals La video-filmación como técnica de estudio de mamíferos silvestres: un ejemplo de jaguares en el noreste de la Península de Yucatán.

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Faller-Menéndez ◽  
Luis A. Lago-Torres ◽  
Alfonsina Hernández-Cardona ◽  
Mederic Calleja-Alvarado ◽  
Gerardo Ceballos González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Mating Behavior ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Panthera Onca ◽  
Unique Information ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Long Term Studies

Resumen: En noviembre de 2006 se utilizó un prototipo de cámara de video, en la reserva privada El Zapotal, en la porción noreste de la Península de Yucatán, y obtuvimos la filmación de una pareja de jaguares en actitud de apareamiento. Esta filmación representa una de las primeras experiencias de su tipo, y ha proporcionado información única sobre comportamiento y fecha de apareamiento de jaguares libres, que es consistente con algunos resultados de investigaciones de amplio espectro y largo plazo sobre poblaciones de esta especie en Sudamérica. Palabras clave: Apareamiento, Panthera onca, videofilmación, Yucatán Abstract: In november 2006, using a prototype of video camera, we obtained the shooting of a pair of jaguars in mating attitude. This was done in the El Zapotal private reserve, in the northeastern portion of the Yucatan Peninsula, and represents one of the first experiences of its type, also providing unique information about the mating behavior and the date of occurrence. The latter is consistent with some results derived from wide spectrum, long term studies about jaguar populations in South America. Key words: Mating, Panthera onca, videoshooting, Yucatan

scholarly journals Energetics and evasion dynamics of large predators and prey: pumasvs.hounds

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb M. Bryce ◽  
Christopher C. Wilmers ◽  
Terrie M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Canis Lupus Familiaris ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Gps Collars ◽  
Physiological Constraints ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Group Hunting ◽  
Large Predators ◽  
Free Ranging

Quantification of fine-scale movement, performance, and energetics of hunting by large carnivores is critical for understanding the physiological underpinnings of trophic interactions. This is particularly challenging for wide-ranging terrestrial canid and felid predators, which can each affect ecosystem structure through distinct hunting modes. To compare free-ranging pursuit and escape performance from group-hunting and solitary predators in unprecedented detail, we calibrated and deployed accelerometer-GPS collars during predator-prey chase sequences using packs of hound dogs (Canis lupus familiaris, 26 kg,n = 4–5 per chase) pursuing simultaneously instrumented solitary pumas (Puma concolor, 60 kg,n = 2). We then reconstructed chase paths, speed and turning angle profiles, and energy demands for hounds and pumas to examine performance and physiological constraints associated with cursorial and cryptic hunting modes, respectively. Interaction dynamics revealed how pumas successfully utilized terrain (e.g., fleeing up steep, wooded hillsides) as well as evasive maneuvers (e.g., jumping into trees, running in figure-8 patterns) to increase their escape distance from the overall faster hounds (avg. 2.3× faster). These adaptive strategies were essential to evasion in light of the mean 1.6× higher mass-specific energetic costs of the chase for pumas compared to hounds (mean: 0.76vs.1.29 kJ kg−1 min−1, respectively). On an instantaneous basis, escapes were more costly for pumas, requiring exercise at ≥90% of predicted $\dot {\mathrm{V }}{\mathrm{O}}_{2\mathrm{MAX}}$ and consuming as much energy per minute as approximately 5 min of active hunting. Our results demonstrate the marked investment of energy for evasion by a large, solitary carnivore and the advantage of dynamic maneuvers to postpone being overtaken by group-hunting canids.

USO DO HABITAT POR ONÇA-PINTADA (PANTHERA ONÇA) NO ENTORNO DE LAGOS DE VÁRZEA, RESERVA DE DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL MAMIRAUÁ, AM, BRASIL

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiliano Esterci Ramalho ◽  
William Ernest Magnusson
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Home Range ◽  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Panthera Onca ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Predator Prey

Understanding how a species moves between habitats available in its home range is key for interpreting spatial-temporal habitat selection patterns, foraging behavior, and predator-prey interactions. The use of habitat by the jaguar(Panthera onca) generally reflects the density and movement of its prey and not the availability of habitats. However, there is no information about how the species uses the habitats available in the Amazonian várzea. The objective of this study was to test if the jaguar uses the habitats available in the surroundings of várzea lakes, in proportion to their availability or if it shows preference for a specific habitat type. To achieve this objective we surveyed, on foot, the surroundings of 36 várzea lakes in the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve, recording jaguar presence through observation of signs and identifying and quantifying the available habitats. Although we found signs of jaguar presence in all habitat types surveyed, the number of signs found in habitat type chavascal was greater than expected by its availability...

scholarly journals Trade-wind waves and mud dynamics on the French Guiana coast, South America: Input from ERA-40 wave data and field investigations

2007 ◽  
Vol 236 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 15-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Gratiot ◽  
Antoine Gardel ◽  
Edward J. Anthony
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Wind Waves ◽  
Trade Wind ◽  
Wave Data ◽  
Field Investigations

scholarly journals First record of Puma concolor Linneus, 1771 (Carnivora: Felidae) preying Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780) on a palm-oil plantation in the Meta department, Colombia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina Olarte-González ◽  
Tatiana Escovar-Fadul ◽  
Sergio A. Balaguera-Reina
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Odocoileus Virginianus ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
First Record ◽  
Ecological Interactions ◽  
Forest Edges ◽  
Panthera Onca ◽  
Leopardus Pardalis ◽  
The World

Colombia is currently the fourth palm oil crop producer in the world and the top producer in South America (Torres-Carrasco et al. 2013), leading to an accelerated series of changes in many landscapes (Balaguera-Reina & González-Maya 2010). To date few studies have assessed biodiversity in palm-oil plantations in the country, in which large and medium-sized felids (Panthera onca, Leopardus pardalis, and Puma yagouaroundi) have been recorded, however, pumas (Puma concolor) have been exclusively recorded in forests and forest-edges (Boron & Payán 2012). Nevertheless, studies regarding ecological interactions and use by these species in these human-made landscapes are still missing.

scholarly journals Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) Movements and Behavior Around a Kill Site and Implications for GPS Collar Studies

2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. David Mech
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Gray Wolf ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Ovibos Moschatus ◽  
Gps Collars ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Kill Site ◽  
And Behavior

Global Positioning System (GPS) radio-collars are increasingly used to estimate Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) kill rates. In interpreting results from this technology, researchers make various assumptions about wolf behavior around kills, yet no detailed description of this behavior has been published. This article describes the behavior of six wolves in an area of constant daylight during 30 hours, from when the pack killed a Muskox (Ovibos moschatus) calf and yearling on Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada, to when they abandoned the kill remains. Although this is only a single incident, it demonstrates one possible scenario of pack behavior around a kill. Combined with the literature, this observation supports placing a radio-collar on the breeding male to maximize finding kills via GPS collars and qualifying results depending on whatever other information is available about the collared wolf’s pack.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document