Patagial Tags - Do Benefits Outweigh Risks to the Animal

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 565 ◽  
Author(s):  
DA Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Life Tables ◽  
Return Rate ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
First Year ◽  
Breeding Area ◽  
Strong Case ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Recent Method

The use of patagial tags to individually mark animals, particularly birds, is a recent method of identification. Disadvantages to the animal may outweigh any benefits to the researcher. I compare the rate of return to the breeding area of leg-banded and patagial tagged Carnaby's cockatoos, Calyptorhynchus funereus latirostris. Adult females which were patagial tagged had a first year rate of return of 59% (N= 172) compared with 100% (N= 12) for females with leg bands. Immature females which were patagial tagged before fledging had a return rate to breed in the study area (4 years later) of 1.3% (N= 150) compared with 12.7% (N=71) for leg-banded individuals. The data used in these comparisons were not collected in the same years but they suggest that patagial tags may increase mortality; in the case of Carnaby's cockatoo predation is the most likely cause. This possible increased mortality indicates that data gathered from resighting of patagial-tagged individuals should not be used in life tables and calculations of 'normal' survival rates until such effects can be discounted. A strong case for the use of patagial tags should be made before they are used on rare, vulnerable or endangered species.

scholarly journals Sex, age, molt strategy, and migration distance explain the phenology of songbirds at a stopover along the East Asian flyway

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Wobker ◽  
Wieland Heim ◽  
Heiko Schmaljohann
Keyword(s):  
East Asian ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
First Year ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Differential Migration ◽  
Breeding Area ◽  
Migration Distance ◽  
Stopover Site ◽  
Evolutionary Response ◽  
Migrant Birds

Abstract Sex- and age-specific differences in the timing of migration are widespread among animals. In birds, common patterns are protandry, the earlier arrival of males in spring, and age-differential migration during autumn. However, knowledge of these differences stems mainly from the Palearctic-African and Nearctic-Neotropical flyways, while detailed information about the phenology of migrant birds from the East Asian flyway is far scarcer. To help fill parts of this gap, we analyzed how migration distance, sex, age, and molt strategy affect the spring and autumn phenologies of 36 migrant songbirds (altogether 18,427 individuals) at a stopover site in the Russian Far East. Sex-differential migration was more pronounced in spring than in autumn, with half of the studied species (6 out of 12) showing a protandrous migration pattern. Age-differences in migration were rare in spring but found in nearly half of the studied species (11 out of 25) in autumn. These age effects were associated with the birds’ molt strategy and the mean latitudinal distances from the assumed breeding area to the study site. Adults performing a complete molt before the onset of autumn migration passed the study site later than first-year birds undergoing only a partial molt. This pattern, however, reversed with increasing migration distance to the study site. These sex-, age-, and molt-specific migration patterns agree with those found along other flyways and seem to be common features of land bird migration strategies. Significance statement The timing of animal migration is shaped by the availability of resources and the organization of annual cycles. In migrant birds, sex- and age-differential migration is a common phenomenon. For the rarely studied East Asian flyway, we show for the first time and based on a large set of migrant songbirds that earlier migration of males is a common pattern there in spring. Further, the timing and extent of molt explained age-differential migration during autumn. Adults molting their complete plumage at the breeding area before migration showed delayed phenology in comparison to first-year birds, which perform only a partial molt. This pattern, however, reversed with increasing migration distance to the study site. Since our results agree with the general patterns from the other migration flyways, similar drivers for differential migration may act across different flyway systems, provoking a similar evolutionary response.

Status of the Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi) population

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1185-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Gilmartin ◽  
L. L. Eberhardt
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Hawaiian Monk Seal ◽  
Monachus Schauinslandi ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Unknown Factor ◽  
Adult Sex Ratio

Restoration of the Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi) population to its former abundance poses a number of problems in managing a complex system. Sharp differences in history and current trend exist among the six major pupping sites. A severely unbalanced adult sex ratio has resulted in deaths from "mobbing" of estrus females at two sites. Some unknown factor apparently severely reduced the numbers of females at three of the sites and thus produced the observed excess of males. Sex ratios subsequently decreased, but losses of adult females continue at two sites. A simple model indicates that sex ratios at the two sites where mobbing is a problem would require more than 10 years to approach an equilibrium value. Data on trends from counts are compared with estimates from reproduction and survival rates and agree closely except at one site (Kure Atoll), where introductions of young females have been made.

Survival rates of radio-collared female polar bears and their dependent young

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 1312-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Amstrup ◽  
G. M. Durner
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Beaufort Sea ◽  
First Year ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Polar Bears ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Sea Survival

Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are hunted throughout most of their range. In addition to hunting, polar bears of the Beaufort Sea region are exposed to mineral and hydrocarbon extraction and related human activities such as shipping, road building, and seismic testing. As human populations increase and demands for polar bears and other arctic resources escalate, reliable estimates of survivorship of polar bears are needed to predict and manage the impacts of those activities. We used the Kaplan–Meier model to estimate annual survival (with 95% confidence intervals) for radio-collared female polar bears and their dependent young that were followed during a 12-year study in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea. Survival of adult female polar bears was higher than had been previously thought: Ŝ = 0.969 (range 0.952–0.983). If human-caused mortalities were deleted, the computed survival rate was 0.996 (0.990–1.002). Survival of young from den exit to weaning was 0.676 (0.634–0.701). Survival during the second year of life, 0.860 (0.751–0.903), was substantially higher than during the first year, 0.651 (0.610–0.675). Shooting by local hunters accounted for 85% of the documented deaths of adult female polar bears. Conversely, 90% of documented losses of young accompanying radio-collared females were not directly caused by humans. Deaths of dependent young were independent of litter size (P = 0.36), indicating that parental investment in single cubs was not different from investment in litters of two or more. Precise estimates of the survival of independent juveniles and adult males still need to be developed.

Winter Survival and Territory Acquisition in a Northern Population of Black-Capped Chickadees

The Auk ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Desrochers ◽  
Susan J. Hannon ◽  
Kelly E. Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Food Supplementation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Differential Survival ◽  
Northern Population ◽  
Parus Atricapillus ◽  
Lower Ranking

Abstract We assessed the effects of winter food supplementation on differential survival between sex, age and dominance classes, and the effects of feeding and territorial defense on breeding density in a northern population of Black-capped Chickadees (Parus atricapillus). Survival rates were higher in a food-supplemented area than in a control area, which suggests that food abundance limited winter survival. Survival was greater among males than lower-ranking females in 1 of 2 years, and greater in dominants than in subordinates, within sex and age classes. Survival of adults and first-year birds, however, did not differ significantly. In the 2 years of this study, a sharp decline of population size occurred at the onset of territoriality in spring. Birds that disappeared in spring were mainly subordinates of each sex. Breeding densities in control and feeder areas were similar in the two years. Eight of 14 territorial birds removed in 2 years were replaced, implying that a nonbreeding surplus was present in early spring.

Determination of optimal sowing dates and densities of winter wheat under Quebec growing conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Allard ◽  
Anne Vanasse ◽  
Denis Pageau ◽  
Gilles Tremblay ◽  
Julie Durand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Good Survival ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Yield Gain ◽  
Growing Conditions

The objective of this project was to determine the optimal sowing dates and densities for winter wheat to increase winter survival and yield under Quebec growing conditions. The trials were carried out from 2014 to 2016 at four sites, representing three cereal production zones (zones 1, 2, and 3). Three cultivars were assessed using four sowing dates and four seeding densities (250, 350, 450, and 550 seeds m−2). In the first year, the wheat at two of the four sites survived (82%–100%), and in the second year, all the sites showed good survival rates (69%–99%). In zone 2, winter survival was higher for the early sowing dates compared with later dates. Sowing date and seeding density had no effect on survival in zones 1 and 3. Maximum yields were attained with sowing dates from mid- to late September in zone 1; from early to mid-September in zone 2; and from mid-August to mid-September in zone 3. An increase in seeding density from 250 to 550 seeds m−2 led to an average yield gain of 9% in zones 2 and 3, but no gain in zone 1. Winter survival rates and yield differ between cultivars.

Ticlopidine-, Clopidogrel-, and Prasugrel-Associated Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: A Twenty Year Review

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 2226-2226
Author(s):  
Zaina Parvez Qureshi ◽  
John Armstrong ◽  
Charles Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
World Health ◽  
First Year ◽  
Thrombocytopenic Purpura ◽  
Pharmaceutical Manufacturers ◽  
Adamts13 Deficiency ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Abstract 2226 Objective: Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare syndrome, with our group having identified the thienopyridines ticlopidine and clopidogrel as the most common drugs associated with TTP in Food and Drug Administration (FDA) databases. We review clinical, epidemiologic, laboratory, and drug safety findings for thienopyridine-associated TTP, including the first reported cases with prasugrel, a thienopyridine approved in 2009. Methods: Data sources included FDA's Adverse Event Reports database, pharmaceutical manufacturers, package inserts, physician surveys, phase III reports, insurance databases, and an epidemiologic study (1989–2011). Causality was assessed with the World Health Organization scale. Results: Since 2002, FDA received reports of 10 ticlopidine-, 140 clopidogrel-, and nine prasugrel-associated TTP cases, including four, 11, and 9 cases respectively, in the first year of marketing of each agent. Surveys of hematologists by our group identified 32 ticlopidine- and ten clopidogrel-associated TTP cases. Thienopyridines were administered for > two weeks for 90% of 93 ticlopidine-associated cases, 26% of 35 cases clopidogrel-associated cases, and none of nine prasugrel-associated cases. In the Phase III setting, one of 2,932 ticlopidine-, none of 27,961 clopidogrel-, and none of 1,769 prasugrel-treated patients developed TTP. Insurance databases identified three clopidogrel-associated TTP case among 15.3 million individuals. Ticlopidine- (n=30) versus clopidogrel-associated TTP patients (n=8) presented with severe ADAMTS13-deficiency (80% versus 0%) and neutralizing auto-antibodies to ADAMTS13 (100% versus 0%) and had higher survival rates following therapeutic plasma exchange (87% versus 50%) (p<0.05). Greater than 95% of ticlopidine-associated TTP cases were assessed as having a probable causal relationship versus none of the clopidogrel- or prasugrel-associated TTP cases. TTP is described in a Black Box warning for ticlopidine (1998, incidence of 1 in 2,000) and as a warning for clopidogrel (2000; 12 per million) and prasugrel (2010; no incidence reported) Conclusion: TTP is associated with all thienopyridines, although causal relationships remain under active investigations. Disclosures: Armstrong: LeadHorse Technologies Inc.: Employment.

Reproductive Rates of Harp Seals, Pagophilus groenlandicus (Erxleben)

1966 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 757-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Sergeant
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
First Year ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Age Class ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Pagophilus Groenlandicus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Reproductive Rates ◽  
Lower Population

In less than a decade the mean age at sexual maturity of female harp seals of the Front, or northeastern Newfoundland population, decreased to 4 from [Formula: see text] years. Exploitation was heavy during this period and included a high proportion of seals older than 1 year. Females of the Gulf of St. Lawrence herd declined in mean age at sexual maturity over the same decade to 5 from nearly 6 years. Exploitation of this herd was lower, especially for animals older than their first year. Fertility of the adult females was likely higher in the more heavily exploited population. Published data on the White Sea population, which was reduced to low numbers, show reproduction at a lower mean age than for the present Front herd; for the Jan Mayen herd, of uncertain population status, about the same reproductive rate as the present Gulf herd. In most of the populations, samples of adult, whelped females showed the greatest number in the age-class about 1 year older than that first showing 100% of the females mature, as would be expected; however, samples from the Front herd showed dominance of an older age-class, suggesting that young adult females may to some extent segregate into separate groups. The immediate factors leading to increased reproductive rates at lower population densities were not elucidated.

scholarly journals CRECIMIENTO Y SUPERVIVENCIA DEL MEJILLÓN DE AGUA DULCE, ANODONTITES TRAPESIALIS (LAMARCK 1819), EN UN FLUJO A TRAVÉS DEL SISTEMA PARA LA EXPLOTACIÓN A LARGO PLAZO

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Ricardo C. Lima ◽  
Angela T. Paes ◽  
Wagner E. P. Avelar
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Adult Animal ◽  
Freshwater Mussels ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Artificial Culture ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Animal Management ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
Declining Populations

As with other freshwater mussels, Anodontites trapesialis is an endangered and threatened species. Artificial culture has been strongly recommended in recovery plans as a strategy to bolster declining populations, as well as the reintroduction of species to sites within their historic ranges. Our project compares two methods of adult animal management: buried and suspended, focusing on growth and survival of A. trapesialis in a captive environment. Animals were fed with Chlamydomonas spp. After 120 days, weight (soft and hard body) increased by 2.1% in the suspended group and decreased by 1.4% in the buried group. Suspended animals showed higher survival rates than those that were buried. The information provided may be of particular interest to develop future conservation measures for this and other similar endangered species. Así como otras especies de almejas de agua dulce, Anodontites trapesialis se encuentra en peligro y amenazada de extinción. El cultivo artificial ha sido muy recomendado en los planes de recuperación como una estrategia para mejorar las cifras de población en declive, así como la reintroducción de especies a sitios dentro de sus rangos históricos. Nuestro estudio compara dos métodos de manejo de animales adultos, enterrados y suspendidos, con un enfoque en el crecimiento y la supervivencia de A. trapesialis en un ambiente de cautiverio. Los animales fueron alimentados con Chlamydomonas spp. Al comparar los porcentajes de peso corporal (concha y tejido blando) después de 120 días, un aumento medio del 2.1% se observó en el grupo suspendido y una pérdida media del 1.4% en el grupo enterrado. Los animales suspendidos tuvieron mejores tasas de supervivencia que aquellos que fueron enterrados. La información proporcionada puede ser de especial interés para el desarrollo de las futuras medidas de conservación para esta y otras especies similares en peligro de extinción.

scholarly journals Anaerobic Bacteremias in Left Ventricular Assist Devices and Advanced Heart Failure

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
David R. Murillo-Garcia ◽  
Julian Galindo ◽  
Natalia Pinto ◽  
Gabriel Motoa ◽  
Esther Benamu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Advanced Heart Failure ◽  
Ventricular Assist Devices ◽  
First Year ◽  
Left Ventricular Assist Devices ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Odontogenic Infections ◽  
Bridge To Transplant

Left ventricular assisted devices (LVADs) have revolutionized the treatment of advanced heart failure, providing meaningful increases in survival, functional capacity, and quality of life. There are two categories of LVADs patients: (1) bridge-to-transplant and (2) destination therapy. Advanced heart failure and destination LVADs often carry a poor prognosis. The overall 1-year mortality rate remains as high as 30%. LVAD-specific infections, LVAD-related infections, and non-LVAD-related infections represent important emerging clinical problems in this setting. With an incidence ranging from 30 to 50%, these lead to high rates of hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality. Bacteremias caused by anaerobic pathogens in patients with LVAD are underreported. Herein, we describe the microbiological findings, treatment, and clinical outcome of four patients with LVADs and advanced heart failure with anaerobic bacteremias. Fusobacterium species was the most frequent etiological agent. Most patients had a relatively favorable short-term outcome with survival rates of 100% at 30 days and of 50% at 90 days. However, due to other multiple long-term complications, overall mortality remains at 50% during the first year and increases to 75% beyond the first year. Anaerobic bacteremia sources included the oral cavity from odontogenic infections and aspiration pneumonia. Anaerobic bacteremia constitutes an unfavorable mortality prognostic factor in patients with destination LVADs. We recommend implementing preventive strategies with a comprehensive dental care evaluation in patients with LVADs and advanced heart failure.

Infantile Mortality

1930 ◽  
Vol 3 (04) ◽  
pp. 236-244
Author(s):  
John Blossom
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Life Tables ◽  
First Year ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Young Lives

There appears to be very little information, especially of recent date, relating to infantile mortality, in the publications of the Institute, and it is possible that a discussion upon the mortality of very young lives would be of service to those who have to deal with infantile assurances to any great extent.It is well known that infantile mortality rates have, generally, shown continuous improvement during the present century, and we cannot say that such rates have yet reached their lowest limit. For example, the deaths of males and females respectively during the first year of life as exhibited by successive English Life Tables are:—

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