The potential of electric shock for humane trapping of brushtail possums, Trichosurus vulpecula

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
ID Dix ◽  
SE Jolly ◽  
LS Bufton ◽  
AI Gardiner
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Fibrillation ◽  
Electric Shock ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cardiac Response ◽  
Brushtail Possum ◽  
Electric Device ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Major Pest

The Australian brushtail possum is a major pest in New Zealand, and a device to kill possums in the wild by electric shock has been proposed. This investigation was to determine the best waveform and energy level for an electric device to humanely kill possums. The criterion set was a shock which would cause ventricular fibrillation and result in irreversible unconsciousness within a few minutes. Anaesthetised possums were shocked with sinusoidal alternating currents, direct current bursts and impulse waveforms of varying intensities and durations. An electrocardiogram was used to monitor the cardiac response. Although sinusoidal waveforms of a long duration did disrupt the heartbeat and might result in death, even shocks of very high energy levels did not consistently result in ventricular fibrillation. The use of electricity to trap and kill possums appears unacceptable on humanitarian grounds.

scholarly journals Vers un modèle quantique pour la méditation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 165-180
Author(s):  
François Dubois ◽  
Christian Miquel
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Cognitive Sciences ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Mystical State ◽  
Very High

We study the meditative states of human beings from the conceptual framework provided by the fractaquantum hypothesis : analogously to an atom, Man can from his ``quiet'' base state explores various states of higher energy as loving or mystical state. We then look what energy states are explored during meditation: is it the ``hyperfine'' structure of its base state? is there a love ecstatic state? a very high energy structure mystical state? On one hand we illustrate these hypothesis from the experience of a large part of mystical traditions such as Hinduism or Buddhism and on another hand from contemporary cognitive sciences. In addition, quantum mechanics indicates that any interaction between energy levels is mediated by a boson of exchange. So we aim to identify the nature of this boson linking the various human being energy levels.

Realistic Evaluation of Airplane Brake Vibration by Laboratory Test and Analysis

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond J. Black
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Friction Material ◽  
Landing Gear ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Total System ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Energy Evaluation ◽  
Vibrational Characteristics ◽  
Very High Energy

Abstract An important part of the design of airplane brakes is the laboratory verification of their capability to absorb the kinetic energy of the airplane under various operating conditions ranging from normal service energy levels to the very high energy of a rejected takeoff (RTO). These “stops”, as dynamometer brake applications are called, must demonstrate acceptable temperature levels for the wheel and tire, the ability of the brake to carry out numerous taxi and service type stops without any servicing, and acceptable wear rates for the friction material so as to make the brake economically feasible for use by the airlines. These laboratory tests are typically carried out on an adjustable inertia roadwheel dynamometer. The wheel and tire are “landed” against the flywheel of the dynamometer until the correct radial load is developed on the tire. The brakes are then applied to decelerate the dynamometer to a low taxi speed or stop it completely. With such a system various spectrums of landing and multiple taxi stops can be programmed to yield a simulation of actual airplane operation. An attempt has been made to extend this type of dynamometer testing to examine the vibrational characteristics of the brake as part of the total landing gear system, in addition to its performance as an energy absorber. Since these total-system vibrations can be destructive to both the brake and the landing gear structure, this type of vibrational evaluation is as important as the energy evaluation of the brake. For many transport aircraft, particularly those with four or more wheels per landing gear, it is impossible to incorporate the entire landing gear into the dynamometer testing. The nature of the testing extension has therefore been to simulate the behavior of the gear with simpler devices called simulators. In order to duplicate as nearly as possible the vibrational characteristics that will be experienced on the airplane, various types of landing gear simulators have been used in conjunction with dynamometer testing. This paper discusses the pros and cons of landing gear simulators and a proposed approach that would utilize the simulator in a program to more accurately predict actual airplane landing gear vibrational characteristics.

Stromatoporoid Beds and Flat-Pebble Conglomerates Interpreted as Tsunami Deposits in the Upper Silurian of Podolia, Ukraine

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Łuczyński ◽  
Stanisław skompski ◽  
Wojciech Kozłowski
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Tsunami Deposits ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Storm Wave ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Upper Silurian

Abstract Tsunami deposits are currently a subject of intensive studies. Tsunamis must have occurred in the geological past in the same frequency as nowadays, yet their identified depositional record is surprisingly scarce. Here we describe a hitherto unrecognized example of probable palaeotsunamites. The Upper Silurian (Pridoli) carbonate succession of Podolia (southwestern Ukraine) contains variously devel-oped event beds forming intercalations within peritidal deposits (shallow water limestones, nodular marls and dolomites). The event beds are represented by stromatoporoid and fine-grained bioclastic limestones, in some places accompanied by flat-pebble conglomerates. The interval with event beds can be traced along the Zbruch River in separate outcrops over a distance of more than 20 km along a transect oblique to the palaeoshoreline. The stro-matoporoid beds have erosional bottom surfaces and are composed of overturned and often fragmented massive skele-tons. The material has been transported landward from their offshore habitats and deposited in lagoonal settings. The flat-pebble conglomerates are composed of sub-angular micritic clasts that are lithologically identical to the sediments forming the underlying beds. Large-scale landward transport of the biogenic material has to be attributed to phenomena with very high energy levels, such as tropical hurricanes or tsunamis. This paper presents a tsunamigenic interpretation. Morphome-tric features of redeposited stromatoporoids point to a calm original growth environment at depths well below storm wave base. Tsunami waves are the most probable factor that could cause their redeposition from such a setting. The vastness of the area covered by parabiostromal stromatoporoid beds resembles the distribution of modern tsunami deposits in offshore settings. The stromatoporoid beds with unsorted stromatoporoids of various dimensions evenly distributed throughout the thickness of the beds and with clast-supported textures most probably represent deposition by traction. In some sections, the stromatoporoids are restricted to the lowermost parts of the beds, which pass upwards into bioclastic limestones. In this case, the finer material was deposited from suspension. The coexistence of stromatoporoid beds and flat-pebble conglomerates also allows presenting a tsunami interpretation of the latter. The propagating tsunami waves, led to erosion of partly lithified thin-layered mudstones, their fragmentation into flat clasts and redeposition as flat-pebble conglomerates.

scholarly journals Shock safety modelling of indirect contact with low-voltage electric devices

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-315
Author(s):  
Włodzimierz Korniluk ◽  
Dariusz Sajewicz
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Fibrillation ◽  
Electric Shock ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
Probability Of Occurrence ◽  
Electric Device ◽  
Shock Protection

Shock safety modelling of indirect contact with low-voltage electric devices The article presents a shock safety model of an indirect contact with a low-voltage electric device. This model was used for computations and analyses concerning the following: the probabilities of appearance of the particular shock protection unreliability states, electric shock states (ventricular fibrillation), contributions of the unreliability of different shock protection elements to the probability of occurrence of these states, as well as the risk of electric shock (and the shock safety), and contributions of the intensity of occurrence of damages to different shock protection elements to this risk. An example of a possibility to reduce the risk of an electric shock through changing the intensity of occurrence of damages to the selected protection elements was provided.

Strong interactions at very high energy

1964 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgenii L. Feinberg ◽  
Dmitrii S. Chernavskii
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Very High

scholarly journals The Use of Lasers in Dental Materials: A Review

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3370
Author(s):  
Emmanouil-George C. Tzanakakis ◽  
Evangelos Skoulas ◽  
Eudoxie Pepelassi ◽  
Petros Koidis ◽  
Ioannis G. Tzoutzas
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
Dental Materials ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Zirconia Ceramics ◽  
Material Management ◽  
Laboratory Procedures ◽  
Laser Devices ◽  
Exact Point

Lasers have been well integrated in clinical dentistry for the last two decades, providing clinical alternatives in the management of both soft and hard tissues with an expanding use in the field of dental materials. One of their main advantages is that they can deliver very low to very high concentrated power at an exact point on any substrate by all possible means. The aim of this review is to thoroughly analyze the use of lasers in the processing of dental materials and to enlighten the new trends in laser technology focused on dental material management. New approaches for the elaboration of dental materials that require high energy levels and delicate processing, such as metals, ceramics, and resins are provided, while time consuming laboratory procedures, such as cutting restorative materials, welding, and sintering are facilitated. In addition, surface characteristics of titanium alloys and high strength ceramics can be altered. Finally, the potential of lasers to increase the adhesion of zirconia ceramics to different substrates has been tested for all laser devices, including a new ultrafast generation of lasers.

scholarly journals Focused VHEE (very high energy electron) beams and dose delivery for radiotherapy applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Whitmore ◽  
R. I. Mackay ◽  
M. van Herk ◽  
J. K. Jones ◽  
R. M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beams ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
External Beam Radiotherapy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Electron ◽  
High Energy Electron ◽  
Dose Delivery ◽  
Entrance Dose ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Very High

AbstractThis paper presents the first demonstration of deeply penetrating dose delivery using focused very high energy electron (VHEE) beams using quadrupole magnets in Monte Carlo simulations. We show that the focal point is readily modified by linearly changing the quadrupole magnet strength only. We also present a weighted sum of focused electron beams to form a spread-out electron peak (SOEP) over a target region. This has a significantly reduced entrance dose compared to a proton-based spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP). Very high energy electron (VHEE) beams are an exciting prospect in external beam radiotherapy. VHEEs are less sensitive to inhomogeneities than proton and photon beams, have a deep dose reach and could potentially be used to deliver FLASH radiotherapy. The dose distributions of unfocused VHEE produce high entrance and exit doses compared to other radiotherapy modalities unless focusing is employed, and in this case the entrance dose is considerably improved over existing radiations. We have investigated both symmetric and asymmetric focusing as well as focusing with a range of beam energies.

Very high energy nucleus-nucleus collisions and multi-chain model

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kisei Kinoshita ◽  
Akira Minaka ◽  
Hiroyuki Sumiyoshi
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Very High
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