High Levels of Genetic Variability in an Isolated Colony of Rock-wallabies (Petrogale assimilis): Evidence from Three Classes of Molecular Markers

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter B. S. Spencer ◽  
Mark Adams ◽  
Helene Marsh ◽  
David J. Miller ◽  
Mark D. B. Eldridge
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Mating Systems ◽  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Multiple Mating ◽  
Dna Fingerprints ◽  
Average Heterozygosity ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
High Level

Estimates of genetic variation for a small (Ne = 39) colony of allied rock-wallabies (Petrogale assimilis) were calculated with three different categories of molecular marker. Average heterozygosity was estimated at 3·8% for allozymes, 47·3% for multilocus ‘DNA fingerprints’ and 85·5% for microsatellite markers. Overall these values indicate that this small isolated colony of rock-wallabies maintains a high level of genetic variation despite its relative isolation and the apparently low levels of migration between colonies. It is likely that mechanisms exist (such as kin avoidance, multiple mating systems, high and variable selective pressure in extreme and fluctuating environmental conditions) that promote the maintenance of high levels of genetic variation in isolated colonies of P. assimilis. These mechanisms are discussed in the context of the results obtained from the molecular markers.

scholarly journals Genetic variation within and between populations of the asexual plant Puccinellia × phryganodes

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 774-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Jefferies ◽  
L. D. Gottlieb
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Clonal Growth ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobilities ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Puccinellia Phryganodes ◽  
Sexual Processes ◽  
High Level

Puccinellia × phryganodes (Trin.) Scriber and Merr is widely distributed in Arctic salt marshes. In North America the species, which is capable of extensive clonal growth, appears to be a sterile triploid (2n = 21); seed set has never been observed. Consequently it was predicted that the level of genetic variation would be low, both within and between populations. Examination of electrophoretic mobilities of isozymes of 12 enzyme systems in plants from three widely separated populations in Arctic Canada indicated a high level of variability both within and between the populations. The unexpected discovery of significant amounts of genetic variability suggests that sexual processes occur in this species.

scholarly journals Variabilidad genética y detección de error en filiación utilizando microsatélites en dos rebaños de alpacas Huacaya (Vicugna pacos)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Yalta ◽  
Giovanna Sotil ◽  
Eudosio Veli
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Variability Analysis ◽  
Str Markers ◽  
A Value ◽  
Vicugna Pacos ◽  
Allelic Variability ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
High Level ◽  
Pilot Center ◽  
Selection Of

Objetivo: Determinar la variabilidad genética  y evaluar la utilidad de microsatélites (STR) en la determinación de paternidad en alpacas blancas huacaya, pertenecientes al Centro Piloto de Mejoramiento Genético Munay Paqocha y el Fundo Itita, de la Sociedad Peruana de Criadores de Alpacas y Llamas (SPAR) Puno. Realizar la genotipificación y selección de marcadores STR útiles para la asignación de paternidad y parentesco. Metodología: Se evaluaron 10 marcadores STR a partir de ADN aislado de sangre y de folículos pilosos de 183 individuos colectados al azar procedentes de dos rebaños. Resultados y Conclusiones: Se observó un alto nivel de variabilidad alélica en el total de individuos analizados, y la presencia de alelos exclusivos entre poblaciones, con frecuencias menores al 1,5% en los loci LCA37, LCA90, LCA5, VOLP92, YWLL36, YWLL44 y YWLL08. Se propone la incorporación de tres marcadores adicionales, VOLP92, LCA94 y LCA90 para los análisis de variabilidad genética en alpacas. Los valores de FIS (0,016), y FST (0,003) reflejaron bajo niveles de endogamia. El rebaño del Fundo Itita presentó una mayor Ho (0,858) respecto a la He (0,848), mientras que por el contrario el rebaño del Centro Munay Paqocha presentó un menor valor de la Ho (0,815) respecto a la He (0,848), con una tendencia al déficit de heterocigotos. Los 10 marcadores presentaron una probabilidad de exclusión de parentesco adecuada, con un valor superior al 99,9%, cuando se conoce el genotipo de ambos padres, y un poder de discriminación mayor a 0,90. Además, se alcanzó un valor PEC de 0,999 considerando solo los marcadores YWLL08, YWLL44, LCA37, YWLL36, LCA8; siendo YWLL08 el de mayor valor (0,885). La prueba de filiación permitió detectar mayores errores de asignación de maternidad (13,04%) y paternidad (30,4%) en el rebaño del Fundo Itita, en comparación a Munay Paqocha con errores de designación de maternidad de 7,69% y de paternidad de 17,95%, concluyendo que este centro posee un mejor registro de empadres. ABSTRACT:Aim: To determine the genetic variability and the selection of STR markers useful for the evaluation of inbreeding, assignment of paternity and kinship, and the genotyping of two breeding herds of white huacayas alpacas Vicugna pacos, from the Pilot Center for Genetic Improvement Munay Paqocha and Fundo Itita, in Puno Perú. Methodology: 10 STR markers were assessed in 183 individuals, randomly selected. Results and Conclusions: We observed a high level of allelic variability in the total individuals, and unique alleles among populations with frequencies lower than 1.5% in loci LCA37, LCA90, LCA5, VOLP92, YWLL36, YWLL44 and YWLL08. We propose the addition of three markers, VOLP92, LCA94 and LCA90 for the genetic variability analysis in alpacas. FIS (0.016) and FST (0.003) values reflected low levels of inbreeding. Fundo Itita herd showed higher Ho (0.858) than He (0.848), while the herd of Munay Paqocha showed lower Ho (0.815) respect to He (0.848), with trending heterozygote deficit. The 10 markers showed an appropriate exclusion relationship probability, with a value greater than 99.9% when the genotype of both parents was known, and a power of discrimination greater than 0.9. In addition, a PEC value of 0.999 was reached considering only markers YWLL08, YWLL44, LCA37, YWLL36, LCA8; YWLL08 being the highest value (0.885). Filiation test detected major errors of maternity (13.04%) and paternity (30.4%) in the herd Fundo Itita. In Munay Paqocha with respect to errors designation maternity 7.69% and paternity of 17.95%, concluding that Munay Paqocha had a better record of matings.

scholarly journals Genetic evaluation of seeds of highly endangered Pinus uliginosa Neumann from Węgliniec reserve for ex-situ conservation program

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Lewandowski ◽  
Jarosław Burczyk ◽  
Witold Wachowiak ◽  
Adam Boratyński ◽  
Wiesław Prus-Głowacki
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Minimum Variance ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
High Level ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Pinus Uliginosa

Peat-bog pine <em>Pinus uliginosa</em> Neumann has become extinct or rare in many parts of Europe. We have investigated the levels of genetic variation and inbreeding in seeds collected from a highly endangered reserve of this species in Poland, using allozymes as genetic markers. Generally, a high level of genetic variation was observed. The mean expected heterozygosity was 0.376, while average (Na) and effective (Ne) numbers of alleles per locus were 2.45 and 1.67, respectively. Nevertheless, we have detected relatively low levels of outcrossing, and potential biparental inbreeding. The population-wide multilocus outcrossing rate was estimated to be 0.706 (±0.091), while the minimum variance mean of single-locus estimates was distinctly lower (ts=0.611). The estimates of outcrossing calculated for individual trees ranged widely from 0.051 to 1.017, indicating the complexity of outcrossing patterns. The investigated population of <em>P. uliginasa</em> from Węgliniec is small and surrounded by extensive forest stands of <em>P. sylvestris</em>. Our three-year records of phenological observations demonstrated that flowering periods for <em>P. uliginosa</em> and <em>P. sylvestris</em> overlap, allowing for cross-pollination. The possibility of <em>P. uliginosa</em> pollination by <em>P. sylvestris</em> creates a potential danger of genetic erosion of the <em>P. uliginosa</em> gene pool. Nonetheless, based on a species specific cpDNA marker we have found that among 533 seedlings of <em>P. uliginosa</em> there were only six seedlings carrying cpDNA marker specific for <em>P. sylvestris</em>, indicating that such hybridization seems to be rare.

scholarly journals Diversity of Biscogniauxia mediterranea within Single Stromata on Cork Oak

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Henriques ◽  
Filomena Nóbrega ◽  
Edmundo Sousa ◽  
Arlindo Lima
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Cork Oak ◽  
Microsatellite Primers ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
High Level

Charcoal canker, caused by the fungus Biscogniauxia mediterranea, is one of the most frequent diseases of cork oak in Portugal. The pathogen has been considered a secondary invader that attacks only stressed hosts; however, in recent years, an increasing number of young trees exhibiting the disease symptoms have been recorded. A collection of monoascosporic cultures isolated from single stromata of B. mediterranea in cork oak from different locations was analyzed by means of microsatellite—Primed Polymerase Chain Reaction—using three microsatellite primers, in order to detect the genetic variation of the population thus discussing its plasticity and ability to adapt to different conditions. The results showed a high level of genetic variability among isolates obtained from the same stroma, being impossible to distinguish isolates from individual stromata neither from different geographical location.

Genetic diversity in Puccinia striiformis Westend. f.sp. tritici revealed by pathogen genome-specific repetitive sequence

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-xing Shan ◽  
Shou-yi Chen ◽  
Zhen-sheng Kang ◽  
Li-ren Wu ◽  
Zhen-qi Li
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Dna Fingerprints ◽  
High Level ◽  
Virulence Variation

DNA fingerprinting was used to examine genetic variation in populations of Puccinia striiformis Westend. f.sp. tritici, an obligate fungus that causes wheat stripe rust, using as a probe a moderately repetitive DNA sequence PSR331 that shows species specificity in the genome of this pathogen. One hundred and sixty isolates sampled from six provinces throughout China were examined for genetic variation over 26 putative genetic loci defined by PSR331 and the restriction enzyme BglII. Because of the dikaryotic nature of this fungus, DNA fingerprints can not differentiate heterozygotes from homozygotes. We refer to the PSR DNA fingerprints as phenotypes rather than genotypes. Phenotypic diversity analysis revealed a high level of genetic variation. A total of 97 phenotypes was detected among 160 isolates. Phenotypic diversity varied among regions, ranging from 0.3742 in Shaanxi to 0.9380 in Gansu, as calculated with the normalized Shannon's index. Genetic subdivision analysis revealed a low level of genetic differentiation (GST = 0.0084) among regions (Gansu, Henan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, and Yunnan provinces) as well as within regions (Gansu and Sichuan provinces). This, together with the detection of the same phenotypes among regions, provided the molecular evidence for gene flow in P. striiformis f.sp. tritici. The results support conclusions from virulence surveys that Tianshui of southern Gansu is probably the most important "hotspot" area with respect to the potential to generate and maintain virulence variation. DNA polymorphism analysis also detected potential hotspot areas in addition to southern Gansu. This may result in more difficulties in management of genetic variation and thus the potential virulence variation in P. striiformis f.sp. tritici as well as providing opportunities for searching disease resistance factors.Key words: genetic diversity, Puccinia striiformis, DNA fingerprinting, virulence variation.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability Assay of Different Natural and Hatchery Populations of Rohu (Labeo rohita) in Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Shikder Saiful Islam ◽  
Md. Saifuddin Shah ◽  
Foyez Ibn Shams ◽  
Md. Rayhan Ali ◽  
Md. Lifat Rahi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Labeo Rohita ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Population Genetic Variation ◽  
High Level

The level of genetic variation determines the genetic status and provides the raw material for selective improvement of a stock. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used to assess the genetic variability of 7 different natural (2) and hatchery (5) populations of Indian Major Carp, Labeo rohita (Rohu) in Bangladsh. In total, 140 fish samples were collected (20 from each of the populations). Genomic DNA was extracted from the muscle tissue, and 5 different oligonucleotide primers were used which revealed 80% polymorphic DNA bands. The polymorphic loci proportions were 0.71, 0.75, 0.75, 0.85, 0.84, 0.86 and 0.89 for Ma-Fatema hatchery, Chowdhuri hatchery, Niribili hatchery, Sonali hatchery, Kapotakha hatchery, the Halda river and the Baluhor Baor populations respectively. The pair-wise population differentiation (FST) values indicated a high level of genetic variation between different populations. The Unweighted Pair Group Method of Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) dendogram based on Nei’s genetic distances also revealed high level of inter-population genetic variation among the populations. The populations were segregated into two groups: the Halda River and Baluhar Baor hatchery in one group and Kapotakha, Ma-Fatema, Chowdhuri, Niribili and Sonali hatcheries in another group. Overall, RAPD results clearly indicate the reduced genetic quality of the hatchery seeds.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i1.11923 International Journal of Life Sciences Vol.9(1) 2015 30-36

Morphological and genetic variation in Centrolepis paludicola and C. monogyna (Centrolepidaceae)

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 679 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Cambecèdes ◽  
R. E. Vaillancourt ◽  
B. M. Potts
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Variable Species ◽  
The Common ◽  
Local Differentiation ◽  
Vegetative Characters ◽  
High Level

Centrolepis paludicola is a small cushion-forming herb which is listed as an endangered species. However, some taxonomists have questioned its species status and treat it as a subspecies of the common C. monogyna. Morphological measurements were taken on plants from 50 cushions collected from 31 sites throughout Tasmania, and included C. paludicola, C. monogyna and C. fascicularis as an outgroup to resolve this taxonomic issue. While C. fascicularis was distinct in all morphological analyses, the sympatric C. paludicola and C. monogyna could not be clearly distinguished on the basis of the reproductive and vegetative characters that are supposed to separate them. Centrolepis monogyna is henceforth interpreted as a morphologically variable species which includes C. paludicola. Once it was shown that these are best treated as one species, RAPD molecular markers were used to analyse genetic variation between populations. This analysis revealed a high level of polymorphism between cushions. As in the multivariate analysis of morphological data, C. monogyna and C. paludicola containing cushions were indistinguishable. However, there was a strong geographical structure to the genetic variation in the C. monogyna/C. paludicola group, consistent with a model in which gene flow between populations is limited and local differentiation has occurred.

scholarly journals Genetic variability of Corynespora cassiicola isolates from Amazonas, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jânia Lília da Silva Bentes ◽  
Francy Mary Galúcio Sousa ◽  
Maria Teresa Gomes Lopes ◽  
Mágno Sávio Ferreira Valente ◽  
Fabíola Viana Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Corynespora Cassiicola ◽  
Emerging Pathogen ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Unweighted Pair Group Method

ABSTRACT: Corynespora cassiicola is a cosmopolitan ascomycete widely known as phytopathogen in several crops, and more recently as an emerging pathogen in humans. In this study the genetic variability of 60 isolates of Corynespora cassiicola from different hosts and cities of Amazonas was evaluated, using AFLP molecular markers. Seven genetic groups were identified according to a dendrogram obtained by the Unweighted Pair Group Method using Arithmetical Averages, indicating significant variability among the isolates. Three isolates of different hosts (28, obtained from papaya; 55, obtained from cucumber; and 58, from tomato) remained as single individuals in distinct groups, suggesting marked genetic variation in comparison to the other isolates and possible specificity by the host.

scholarly journals DNA fingerprinting demonstrates extremely low levels of genetic variation among blackberry cultivars grown in Finland

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-245
Author(s):  
Kristiina Antonius ◽  
Gun Werlemark ◽  
Hilde Nybom
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Somatic Mutation ◽  
Dna Fingerprints ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The University

Most blackberry plants cultivated in Finland closely resemble the American species Rubus allegheniensis. Thirty nine such blackberry accessions in the University of Helsinki clone collection were studied by hybridization-based DNA fingerprinting and compared with some known cultivars of R. allegheniensis derivation. ‘lmperial’ appears to be identical to the old cultivar ‘Majestät’, but ‘Earliest of All’ differs considerably. In addition, 37 of the accessions analysed also have DNA fingerprints that appear to be completely identical to that of ‘Majestät’! The remaining two accessions, although identical to each other, exhibit one band not found in ‘Majestät’ that is probably caused by a somatic mutation.

scholarly journals ISSR-PCR analysis of genetic variation in populations of Achillea L. species in southern part of Krasnoyarsk Territory and Republic of Khakassia

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 090-093
Author(s):  
E. E. Stoyanova ◽  
I. E. Yamskikh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Minor Variation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Satisfactory State ◽  
High Level ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Issr Pcr ◽  
Intrapopulation Diversity

ISSR-PCR analysis of populations of two species of the genus Achillea, growing in the southern part ofthe Krasnoyarsk Territory and the Republic of Khakassia, was carried out. The results of the study showed that a highlevel of intrapopulation variability is characteristic of Achillea asiatica and A. millefolium. Relatively low indicators ofgenetic variability are noted for populations Aa3 (A. asiatica) and Ak (A. kuprijanovii). The gene pool of all the studiedpopulations is characterized by a satisfactory state and can independently reproduce. Most of the genetic variability ofAchillea millefolium, A. asiatica, and A. kuprijanovii (74.7 %) accounts for the share of intrapopulation diversity, and25.3 % is a minor variation. The studied populations are characterized by a high level of differentiation and are dividedaccording to a systematic criterion.

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