scholarly journals The effect of rights-based fisheries management on risk taking and fishing safety

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (10) ◽  
pp. 2615-2620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Pfeiffer ◽  
Trevor Gratz
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
High Wind ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Catch Shares ◽  
Stormy Weather ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Us West ◽  
Competitive Nature

Commercial fishing is a dangerous occupation despite decades of regulatory initiatives aimed at making it safer. We posit that rights-based fisheries management (the individual allocation of fishing quota to vessels or fishing entities, also called catch shares) can improve safety by solving many of the problems associated with the competitive race to fish experienced in fisheries around the world. The competitive nature of such fisheries results in risky behavior such as fishing in poor weather, overloading vessels with fishing gear, and neglecting maintenance. Although not necessarily intended to address safety issues, catch shares eliminate many of the economic incentives to fish as rapidly as possible. We develop a dataset and methods to empirically evaluate the effects of the adoption of catch shares management on a particularly risky type of behavior: the propensity to fish in stormy weather. After catch shares was implemented in an economically important US West Coast fishery, a fisherman’s probability of taking a fishing trip in high wind conditions decreased by 82% compared with only 31% in the former race to fish fishery. Overall, catch shares caused the average annual rate of fishing on high wind days to decrease by 79%. These results are evidence that institutional changes can significantly reduce individual, voluntary risk exposure and result in safer fisheries.

scholarly journals Farm Health and Safety Issues

AAOHN Journal ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 391-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane M. Dewar
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Health And Safety Issues

This study identifies gender specific farm health and safety issues. Based on a sample from the 1988 New York Farm Family Survey, descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis were used to establish unique gender based profiles in terms of labor force participation, and prioritization of farm health and safety issues, concerns, and information sources. Based on the factor analysis, women's main farm health and safety issues included physical problems and occupational hazard screening needs, provider integrity, and economic incentives. Men's main issues consisted of accident related counseling needs, skin related hazards, and the farm related convenience of the services. Men and women had statistically significant differences in the types of information sources and reasons for using farm health and safety services. These differences imply that farm health and safety providers must consider both gender related information gathering and farm health and safety prioritizations to more efficiently allocate intervention resources, more effectively promote safety, and reduce the incidence of occupationally related morbidity and mortality in agriculture.

A Comparative Analysis of Dam Safety Assurance Laws

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Dean Pisaniello
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Dam Safety ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Safety Assurance ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Privately Owned

A number of horrific failures of both public and privately owned dams in recent decades has triggered serious concern over the safety of dams throughout the world. However, in Australia, although much Government attention is being devoted to the medium- to large-scale dams, minimal attention is being paid to the serious potential cumulative, catchment-wide problems associated with smaller private dams. The paper determines how to consider addressing hazardous private dam safety issues generally through a comparative analysis of international dam safety policy/law systems. The analysis has identified elements of best and minimum practice that can and do exist successfully to provide deserved assurance to the community of the proper safety management of hazardous private dams at both the individual and cumulative, catchment-wide levels. These elements provide benchmarks that enable ‘appropriate’ legislative arrangements to be determined for different jurisdictional circumstances as illustrated with an Australian policy-deficient case study.

scholarly journals Economic incentives to target species and fish size: prices and fine-scale product attributes in Norwegian fisheries

2014 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 733-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Asche ◽  
Yanyou Chen ◽  
Martin D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Product Form ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Substantial Variation ◽  
King Crab ◽  
Fish Size ◽  
As Species ◽  
Harvest Timing ◽  
Unique Dataset

Abstract Improved fisheries management provides fishers with more opportunities to maximize harvest value by accounting for valuable attributes of the harvest such as species, harvest timing, fish size, product form, and landing location. Harvest values can also vary by vessel and gear type. Moreover, the extent of targeting can influence the ecosystem in which the fishers operate and provide important management challenges. We utilize a unique dataset containing daily vessel-level fish landings in one region of Norway in 2010 to investigate the value of an array of attributes, including species, product form, product condition, timing, fish size, vessel type, gear type, and landing location for cod and other whitefish species, as well as king crab. We also investigate to what extent landed value differs across different communities, firms, and plants. The results indicate substantial variation for all attributes, highlighting opportunities for fishers as well as potential management challenges. For whitefish, the species landed accounts for three-quarters of the variation in prices. For cod in particular, the fish size accounts for nearly all variation in prices. In these fisheries, market conditions justify management focus on the biological composition of the catch.

Improving Traffic Safety: A New Systems Approach

2003 ◽  
Vol 1830 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sany R. Zein ◽  
Francis P. D. Navin
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Road User ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
The Road ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Individual

A guiding principle of modern traffic safety professionals attempting to reduce the risks associated with traffic is to holistically address traffic safety as a multidisciplinary partnership issue. The systems approach focuses on the relationships and dependencies between the various elements of the traffic system. The C3-R3 Systems Approach to traffic safety is introduced; the building blocks of the C3-R3 approach are three entities (the road user, the vehicle, and the road environment), three pre-crash timeline phases (creation, cultivation, and conduct), and three postcrash timeline phases (response, recovery, and reflection). This approach is proposed as a framework for multidisciplinary traffic safety professionals to research traffic safety issues in an integrated, systematic manner. The C3-R3 approach provides an enhanced systematic framework that more clearly identifies the stages at which traffic safety professionals can intervene to promote road safety. The graphical representation of the C3-R3 system, as presented, emphasizes the convergence of the entities as the timeline proceeds toward a crash event and their subsequent redivergence in the postcrash timeline. Every combination of entity and timeline phase represents a cell in the C3-R3 system; the contents of each cell represent the individual elements that traffic safety professionals need to focus on and understand in order to reduce the crash risk. The C3-R3 Systems Approach represents a starting point to encapsulate the systems approach concepts in traffic safety. It is expected that as more professionals adopt systems thinking, the C3-R3 approach will continue to evolve, expand, and improve.

Perceived Risk Dilution with Multiple Warnings

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 831-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie Y.C. Chen ◽  
Richard D. Gilson ◽  
Mustapha Mouloua
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Warning Messages ◽  
Warning Message ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Risk Dilution

The application of multiple warning labels on consumer products and household appliances is now commonplace with increased public attention on safety issues. In the present study, the number of on-product warning messages was manipulated to examine perceived risk. Risk assessment for individual warning messages associated with a product and the overall perceived risk level for the product were examined and compared. We hypothesized that the number and contents of warnings may influence the perceived risk level for both the individual warning message and the overall perception of danger. Warning messages were presented in the format of either discrete messages or as messages as part of a group, then compared with regard to their perceived risk. The results showed that the perceived risk declined in a stepwise manner as a function of the number of low-criticality warning messages, thereby producing a dilution effect. This dilution effect appeared to take place as the number of low-risk warnings increased beyond five messages. The implications for safety and product design are discussed.

scholarly journals Features of the training process of freestyle wrestlers in the pre-competition stage

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 3232-3239
Author(s):  
Bakytbek Konakbayev ◽  
Raisa Bekembetova ◽  
Omirzhan Bekturganov
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Period ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Blood Lactate Level ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Pedagogical Analysis ◽  
Body Components ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Competitive Nature ◽  
Functional Indices

As a kind of sport, wrestling is characterized by a complex compositional nature of preparing, which requires equal attention to the development of the physical and functional qualities of an athlete. The aim of the study is to optimize the mode and algorithm of training loads of a competitive nature in the period of preparation. The effectiveness of the training process was evaluated by functional indices and blood lactate level not only at the end of training load, but also in the recovery period. In the process of the study also, pedagogical analysis was carried out, anthropometric parameters and analysis of body components were determined. The results of the study indicate the need for regular monitoring of the regime of loads in order to timely correction of the training process, taking into account the individual characteristics of wrestlers at the stage of pre-competition preparing. Keywords: competitive wrestling; freestyle wrestling; functional preparation; lactate; training process.

Paddlefish Management, Propagation, and Conservation in the 21st Century

2009 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Mississippi River Basin ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Management Plans

<em>Abstract</em>.—As commercial paddlefish <em>Polyodon spathula </em>fisheries shifted from primarily flesh to almost exclusively roe harvest, agencies had to change their management strategies. Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, and Tennessee were the only states within the Mississippi River basin that were open to commercial paddlefish harvest in 2006. These seven states were surveyed in 2006 to summarize commercial paddlefish fisheries management in North America. Although commercial fishing license sales declined in most states since the mid-1980s, the number of commercial fishers targeting paddlefish steadily increased since the late 1990s. Total license fees for a resident commercial fisher to set 10 gill nets for paddlefish ranged from US$70.35 to $1,200, and those fees ranged from $242.35 to $2,500 for nonresidents (in the five states that allowed nonresidents). Management strategies employed in these seven states varied greatly in 2006. Arkansas, Mississippi, and Tennessee managed their fisheries with statewide seasons, and Kentucky had seasons for two of three major fisheries. Arkansas, Missouri, Kentucky, and Tennessee had minimum eye-to-fork length limits on all or some of their fisheries. There were numerous gear restrictions in the seven states, including minimum mesh size restrictions, net length limits, and net attendance requirements. Most states had a mandatory harvest report, but the information collected on these reports differed among states. The vastly different management strategies that were employed in the commercial fisheries throughout the Mississippi River basin have resulted in new problems as roe values increase. Future management will likely focus on development of management plans for biologically relevant areas. These management plans should include measures to prevent recruitment overfishing and minimize bycatch mortality. Interjurisdictional management and continued information sharing are necessary to effectively manage paddlefish fisheries in the future.

COMPARATIVE ERGONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF SLAB FORMWORK SYSTEMS

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Schlagbauer ◽  
Detlef Heck
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Single Task ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Average Work ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Cost

The economic efficiency of formwork systems does not depend only on the cost of the product; the achievable performance on the construction site has also a big influence on the selection process. This performance is connected to various factors, such as the number or weight of the individual items, or the required height of the formwork surface. In the course of this research project, four different slab formwork systems performing similar jobs were investigated, enabling a comparison based on an ergonomic assessment. The evaluation of the different systems proved that results and expectations correspond, in this case tasks were reviewed separately for individual systems. Comparing the systems directly, by using the calculated points of the ergonomics evaluation for an average work process, the results display that the least onerous system achieved the highest individual score values. These results led to the assumption that ergonomic scores should not be the sole base for a decision; therefore the performance progress was included and relative ergonomic values for a typical formwork surface were calculated. The result of this evaluation is in line with expectations for the strain of individual systems. The different results between single-task and performance-related evaluations illustrated that, for the assessment of health and safety issues combined with economic factors, not only was the single-task evaluation important, but also an overall view should be taken for a typical scope of work.

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