scholarly journals Disentangling the abundance–impact relationship for invasive species

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (20) ◽  
pp. 9919-9924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethany A. Bradley ◽  
Brittany B. Laginhas ◽  
Raj Whitlock ◽  
Jenica M. Allen ◽  
Amanda E. Bates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Trophic Position ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
Linear Decline

To predict the threat of biological invasions to native species, it is critical that we understand how increasing abundance of invasive alien species (IAS) affects native populations and communities. The form of this relationship across taxa and ecosystems is unknown, but is expected to depend strongly on the trophic position of the IAS relative to the native species. Using a global metaanalysis based on 1,258 empirical studies presented in 201 scientific publications, we assessed the shape, direction, and strength of native responses to increasing invader abundance. We also tested how native responses varied with relative trophic position and for responses at the population vs. community levels. As IAS abundance increased, native populations declined nonlinearly by 20%, on average, and community metrics declined linearly by 25%. When at higher trophic levels, invaders tended to cause a strong, nonlinear decline in native populations and communities, with the greatest impacts occurring at low invader abundance. In contrast, invaders at the same trophic level tended to cause a linear decline in native populations and communities, while invaders at lower trophic levels had no consistent impacts. At the community level, increasing invader abundance had significantly larger effects on species evenness and diversity than on species richness. Our results show that native responses to invasion depend critically on invasive species’ abundance and trophic position. Further, these general abundance–impact relationships reveal how IAS impacts are likely to develop during the invasion process and when to best manage them.

scholarly journals The concerted emergence of well-known spatial and temporal ecological patterns in an evolutionary food web model in space

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Hamm ◽  
Barbara Drossel
Keyword(s):  
Food Web ◽  
Trophic Position ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Spatially Extended ◽  
Ecological Patterns ◽  
Species Abundance Distributions ◽  
Food Web Model

ABSTRACTEcological systems show a variety of characteristic patterns of biodiversity in space and time. It is a challenge for theory to find models that can reproduce and explain the observed patterns. Since the advent of island biogeography these models revolve around speciation, dispersal, and extinction, but they usually neglect trophic structure. Here, we propose and study a spatially extended evolutionary food web model that allows us to study large spatial systems with several trophic layers. Our computer simulations show that the model gives rise simultaneously to several biodiversity patterns in space and time, from species abundance distributions to the waxing and waning of geographic ranges. We find that trophic position in the network plays a crucial role when it comes to the time evolution of range sizes, because the trophic context restricts the occurrence and survival of species especially on higher trophic levels.

scholarly journals Biological Invasion Theories: Merging Perspectives from Population, Community and Ecosystem Scales

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Chabrerie ◽  
François Massol ◽  
Benoit Facon ◽  
Romain Thevenoux ◽  
Manon Hess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Invasions ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
Specific Stage ◽  
Ecosystem Transformation ◽  
Theoretical Dynamics

Biological invasions have reached an unprecedented level and the number of introduced species is still increasing worldwide. Despite major advances in invasion science, the determinants of success of introduced species, the magnitude and dimensions of their impact, and the mechanisms sustaining successful invasions are still debated. Empirical studies show divergent impacts of non-native populations on ecosystems and contrasting effects of biotic and abiotic factors on the dynamics of non-native populations; this is hindering the emergence of a unified theory of biological invasions. We propose a synthesis that merges perspectives from population, community, and ecosystem levels. Along a timeline of ecosystem transformation driven by non-native species, from historical to human-modified ecosystems, we order invasion concepts and theories to clarify their chaining and relevance during each step of the invasion process. This temporal sorting of invasion concepts shows that each concept is relevant at a specific stage of the invasion. Concepts and empirical findings on non-native species may appear contradictory. However, we suggest that, when mapped onto an invasion timeline, they may be combined in a complementary way. An overall scheme is proposed to summarise the theoretical dynamics of ecosystems subjected to invasions. For any given case study, this framework provides a guide through the maze of theories and should help choose the appropriate concepts according to the stage of invasion.

Paddlefish Management, Propagation, and Conservation in the 21st Century

2009 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Restrict Movement ◽  
Negative Interactions

<em>Abstract</em>.—Invasive species are one of the dominant problems fisheries managers face when dealing with management, conservation, or preservation of native fishes. The primary concern is the potential for negative interactions between invasive and native species where the outcome is reduced abundance, fitness, growth, or extirpated native fish species. These negative interactions can come from direct competition for resources, vectors for the spread of disease or parasites, and subtle effects such as altering the flow of energy within and among other trophic levels. Paddlefish <em>Polyodon spathula </em>are not exempt from these threats and may even be at a higher risk because they are endemic to historically lotic systems in the central United States where many invasive species are now becoming established. The most prominent invasive threat to paddlefish may be from fellow filter-feeders bighead carp <em>Hypophthalmichthys nobilis </em>and silver carp <em>H. molitrix </em>because they consume similar food resources, possibly displace other pelagic species, and can also change the plankton community to one that cannot be as efficiently used by paddlefish. These two carp species have had a negative influence on native fish communities in other parts of the world, and have been shown to negatively interact with juvenile paddlefish in North America. Response plans that implement a movement barrier or removal of invasive species may also have ramifications for paddlefish in that they restrict movement patterns or reduce abundances as bycatch through harvest schemes. Gaining insights into potential invasive species threats to paddlefish is critical so that informed decisions can be made to prevent ecological damage from the invasive species while optimizing sustainability of native species.

Ochrona gatunków rodzimych przed inwazjami biologicznymi

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 348-358
Author(s):  
Emilia Nawrotek
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Alien Invasive Species ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Health And Economic Development ◽  
Economic Well Being

Invasive alien species are a threat to biodiversity and food security, health and economic development. These species are causing enormous damage to biodiversity and the valuable natural agricultural systems upon which we depend. Globalisation, trade, travel, and transport of goods across borders they have facilitated the spread of invasive alien species. The spread of invasive alien species is now recognised as one of the greatest threats to the ecological and economic well being of the planet. The aim of the article is to analyze and attempt to assess the legal regulation relating protection native species against alien invasive species and alien species.

Effect of charcoal and ash from forest fires on the reproductive behavior of two native species versus two invasive species.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Cruz ◽  
Otilia Reyes ◽  
Sheila F. Riveiro
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Development Fund ◽  
Ulex Europaeus ◽  
Germination Timing ◽  
Almost All

&lt;p&gt;Forest fires are a global problem that affects almost all parts of the world. Southern Europe has been a fire prone area since prehistoric times. The northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, despite being an area abundant in rainfall, is currently a hotspot for forest fires. Forest fires produce carbon and ash as a result of the combustion of vegetation, these products can affect the germination behavior of plants.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Due to climate change, forest fires are becoming more severe, more intense and more recurrent, and this context of disturbances facilitates and accelerates the replacement of native species by invasive alien species in many forest ecosystems. For this reason, we propose to compare the role of carbon and ash in the germination of two native species versus two invasive alien species. The two selected native species were &lt;em&gt;Pinus pinaster&lt;/em&gt; Aiton and &lt;em&gt;Salix atrocinerea&lt;/em&gt; Brot. and the two invasive species &lt;em&gt;Paraserianthes lophanta&lt;/em&gt; (Willd.) I.C. Nielsen and &lt;em&gt;Acacia melanoxylon &lt;/em&gt;R. Br. For it, 5 concentrations of ash and 1 concentration of carbon from 2 different origins (carbon from the same studied species and carbon from &lt;em&gt;Ulex europaeus&lt;/em&gt; L.) were applied to seeds of these species. Mainly it stands out that the control germination of the native species was higher than that of the invasive species and the germination obtained under ash or carbon treatments was always similar or lower than the control germination. The germination obtained with the carbon of the own species was similar to the control germination and significantly higher than that achieved with the carbon of &lt;em&gt;U. europaeus&lt;/em&gt;. Germination timing depends on each species studied, and invasive species take longer to complete their germination than native species (30-42 days versus 80-125 days). The carbon of the own species did not modify the germination timing while the carbon of Ulex did it in the two native species.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, carbon and ash are two factors that modify the germination behavior of both the native species and the invasive species studied and can be used to manage plant regeneration after forest fire.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Funding&lt;/strong&gt;. This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, the Castilla y Le&amp;#243;n Regional Government, the Galicia Regional Government and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) in the framework of the FIRESEVES (AGL2017-86075-C2-2-R) and WUIFIRECYL (LE005P20) projects and the Competitive Reference BIOAPLIC (ED431C2019/07) and the Strategic Researcher Cluster BioReDeS (ED431E 2018/09).&lt;/p&gt;

The identity of the exotic Pterygoplichthys sailfin catfishes in Sri Lanka (Teleostei: Loricariidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4852 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
AKILA ABESINGHE ◽  
HIRANYA SUDASINGHE ◽  
ANJALIE AMARASINGHE ◽  
FAZLA FAREED ◽  
THARANI SENAVIRATHNA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Ornamental Fish ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Governmental Agencies ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Fish Industry

Invasive alien species (IAS) are a major threat to biodiversity and have contributed to population declines in native species worldwide (Vilà et al. 2011; Gurevitch & Padilla 2004). IUCN’s Invasive Species Specialist Group lists some 80 invasive or potentially invasive species in Sri Lanka, which is part of a global biodiversity hotspot (Myers et al. 2000; Marambe et al. 2011). The major release of aquatic IAS on the island are routed through the ornamental-fish industry (Marambe et al. 2011; Sudasinghe 2016), though a minority represents deliberate, if unplanned, introductions by governmental and non-governmental agencies (Marambe et al. 2011). 

scholarly journals Effects of ontogeny and invasive crayfish on feeding ecology and mercury concentrations of predatory fishes

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 1929-1939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Prestie ◽  
Iain D. Phillips ◽  
Douglas P. Chivers ◽  
Timothy D. Jardine
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Food Web ◽  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Trophic Position ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Food Web Structure ◽  
Web Structure ◽  
Top Predators ◽  
Invasive Crayfish ◽  
Predatory Fishes

Lake food web structure dictates the flow of energy and contaminants to top predators, and addition of invasive species can shift these flows. We examined trophic position (TP), proportional reliance on the littoral zone (Proplittoral), and mercury (Hg) concentrations across the life-span of two predatory fishes, walleye (Sander vitreus) and northern pike (Esox lucius), in lakes with and without invasive virile crayfish (Faxonius virilis). The littoral zone was the dominant foraging zone for both species regardless of size, accounting for 59% and 80% of the diet of walleye and pike, respectively. Both species increased in TP and Hg with body size, as did crayfish. Walleye in crayfish-present lakes had lower Proplittoral, TP, and Hg concentrations compared with non-present lakes, but trophic magnification of Hg through the food web was consistent across all six lakes. These findings underscore a strong role for the littoral zone in channeling energy and contaminants to higher trophic levels and how invasive species can occupy new habitats at low abundance while altering food web structure and contaminant bioaccumulation.

scholarly journals Marine Macroalgae: Prospective Hitchhikers of Ship Ballast

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temjensangba Imchen
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Dark Stress ◽  
Transfer Potential

Invasive alien species, on successful establishment, can displace native species. The threat of invasive species arises in view of their ability to outcompete and destabilize native biodiversity. Invasive species are found across all taxonomic groups of plants, animals and microorganisms. The green macroalga Ulva flexuosa has a potential to become invasive and this species was investigated for its hitchhiking potential under laboratory conditions. Zoospores of U. flexuosa were maintained at 4°C for nearly 10 months in the dark. Recruitment potential of zoospores after dark stress was tested in a modified Provasoli medium under optimal laboratoryconditions. The success rate of zoospore recruitment was 61%. The paper describes the transfer potential through shipping activities by correlating the Ulva zoospores recruitment potential and survivability.

scholarly journals The concerted emergence of well-known spatial and temporal ecological patterns in an evolutionary food web model in space

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Hamm ◽  
Barbara Drossel
Keyword(s):  
Food Web ◽  
Trophic Position ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Spatially Extended ◽  
Ecological Patterns ◽  
Species Abundance Distributions ◽  
Food Web Model

AbstractEcological systems show a variety of characteristic patterns of biodiversity in space and time. It is a challenge for theory to find models that can reproduce and explain the observed patterns. Since the advent of island biogeography these models revolve around speciation, dispersal, and extinction, but they usually neglect trophic structure. Here, we propose and study a spatially extended evolutionary food web model that allows us to study large spatial systems with several trophic layers. Our computer simulations show that the model gives rise simultaneously to several biodiversity patterns in space and time, from species abundance distributions to the waxing and waning of geographic ranges. We find that trophic position in the network plays a crucial role when it comes to the time evolution of range sizes, because the trophic context restricts the occurrence and survival of species especially on higher trophic levels.

scholarly journals Selective effects of temperature on body mass depend on trophic interactions and network position

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avril Weinbach ◽  
Korinna T. Allhoff ◽  
Elisa Thébault ◽  
Francois Massol ◽  
Nicolas Loeuille
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Trophic Position ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Stabilizing Selection ◽  
Evolutionary Response ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Mass Increase ◽  
Selective Effects

AbstractBody mass is a key trait constraining interspecific interactions in food webs through changes in metabolic requirements. Because climate warming affects metabolic rates, it creates direct selective effects on body mass. Many empirical studies suggest that body mass decreases under warming, although important exceptions have been noted. We first analyze the evolution of body mass in a simple consumer-resource model to provide conditions under which a body mass increase or decrease may be expected. We then extend our model to a multi-trophic food web context that allows for the coevolution of body mass and of feeding preferences. We focus here on how the trophic position of a consumer influences its evolutionary response to warming under different scenarios for the temperature dependence of attack rates. We observe that body masses can remain constant or increase with temperature when attack rates are constant or increasing with temperature, while body mass reductions in response to warming are only expected when attack rates have a thermal optimum and populations are initially locally adapted. We also found that body masses at lower trophic levels vary less under warming than body masses at higher trophic levels, which may be explained by decreasing levels of stabilizing selection along food chains.

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