scholarly journals Translational implications of the anatomical nonequivalence of functionally equivalent cholinergic circuit motifs

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (52) ◽  
pp. 26181-26186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita A. Disney ◽  
Jason S. Robert
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Drug Treatments ◽  
Selection Of Species ◽  
Selection Of

Biomedical research is at a critical juncture, with an aging population increasingly beset by chronic illness and prominent failures to translate research from “bench to bedside.” These challenges emerge on a background of increasing “silo-ing” of experiments (and experimenters)—many investigators produce and consume research conducted in 1, perhaps 2, species—and increasing pressure to reduce or eliminate research on so-called “higher” mammals. Such decisions to restrict species diversity in biomedical research have not been data-driven and increase the risk of translational failure. To illustrate this problem, we present a case study from neuroscience: cholinergic suppression in the cortex. In all mammals studied so far, acetylcholine reduces activity in some cortical neurons. Comparative anatomical studies have shown that the mechanism behind this suppression differs between species in a manner that would render drug treatments developed in nonprimate species entirely ineffective if applied to primates (including humans). Developing clinical interventions from basic research will always require translation, either between species (e.g., using a mouse model of a human disease) or within a species (using a subset of humans as a representative sample for all humans). We argue that successful translation will require that we 1) be data-driven in our selection of species for study; 2) use (with careful attention to welfare) animals that minimize the translation gap to humans; and 3) become agile at translation, by resisting the pressures to narrow our focus to a small number of organisms, instead using species diversity as an opportunity to practice translation.

scholarly journals Adapting Data-Driven Research to the Fields of Social Sciences and the Humanities

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Albert Weichselbraun ◽  
Philipp Kuntschik ◽  
Vincenzo Francolino ◽  
Mirco Saner ◽  
Urs Dahinden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Media Criticism ◽  
Domain Experts ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Selection Of

Recent developments in the fields of computer science, such as advances in the areas of big data, knowledge extraction, and deep learning, have triggered the application of data-driven research methods to disciplines such as the social sciences and humanities. This article presents a collaborative, interdisciplinary process for adapting data-driven research to research questions within other disciplines, which considers the methodological background required to obtain a significant impact on the target discipline and guides the systematic collection and formalization of domain knowledge, as well as the selection of appropriate data sources and methods for analyzing, visualizing, and interpreting the results. Finally, we present a case study that applies the described process to the domain of communication science by creating approaches that aid domain experts in locating, tracking, analyzing, and, finally, better understanding the dynamics of media criticism. The study clearly demonstrates the potential of the presented method, but also shows that data-driven research approaches require a tighter integration with the methodological framework of the target discipline to really provide a significant impact on the target discipline.

scholarly journals Ability of Ornamental Plants in Adsorbing Dust from Vehicles (Case Study: Bumi Serpong Damai)

Agromet ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Sobri Effendy ◽  
Nadita Zairina Suchesdian ◽  
Ibnul Qayim
Keyword(s):  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Dust Pollution ◽  
Traffic Condition ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Selection Of Species ◽  
Selection Of

<p style="margin-bottom: 0.35cm; line-height: 115%;" align="justify">This research measured several vegetations that were planted in Bumi Serpong Damai, South Tangerang to absorb dust pollutions produced by vehicles. The locations for monitoring were divided based on traffic levels: high, medium and low. We measured the pollution based on two approaches i.e. measuring every four hours and a daily measurement. Based on our monitoring, each species will have different feedbacks to dust pollution at various traffic conditions. We found that species of <em>Heliconia</em> was able to absorb the dust at the top for high traffic condition, whereas Kaca Piring is effective for medium traffic. Our findings revealed that monitoring dust should be frequent at least four hours/day, and selection of species for reducing dust pollution should consider the leave structure. </p>

scholarly journals Analysis and ways to expand the species diversity of the assortment of perennial herbaceous flowering plants for landscaping urban areas of the Kola Polar region

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Alexandrovna Sviatkovskaya ◽  
Nadezhda Nikolaevna Trostenyuk ◽  
Natalya Vladimirovna Saltan ◽  
Oksana Borisovna Gontar
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Polar Region ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Yellow Orange ◽  
Selection Of Species ◽  
Urban Conditions ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of

The paper analyzes the selection of species of perennial herbaceous flowering plants to enrich the existing range in the landscaping of the cities of the Kola Polar region. The selection of the assortment of perennials for landscaping of the cities was carried out by the Polar-Alpine Botanical garden institute for the first time. Currently, the assortment of perennial flowering plants has enriched and it is represented by 115 species in 28 families. New species have a high decorative value, stability and passed a long period of tests on collection nurseries and in urban conditions. Analysis of the existing range and the study of the results of long-term tests of various plants in nature provide an opportunity to identify the main families and species, whose representatives have a high decorative value and stability in the Far North. Families Primulaceae and Rosaceae Juss are the most promising to replenish the landscaping assortment. When forming the assortment, the number of species is very important as well as their ratio in different groups by flowering period, color tone and height. As the analysis of species diversity showed, it is necessary to increase the early-flowering perennials, especially with yellow-orange and purple-red shades of flowers. It has been noted that the percentage of border plants with compact shrubs was low. In the existing assortment, the positive aspect is the balance of warm and cold tones. Due to the resistance to the harsh climatic and environmental conditions of the Kola North perennial herbaceous plants are perspectives for landscaping the cities of the Kola Subarctic.

The Use of Average number of Neighbours for Predicting Lichen Sensitivity: a Case Study

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Herben ◽  
J. Liška
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Species Sensitivity ◽  
Ecological Index ◽  
Pollution Indicator ◽  
Selection Of Species ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Accurate Indicator

AbstractThe sensitivity of lichen species to air pollution was assessed by examining aspects of their rate of disappearance over a 5 year period in an area with rising SO2 concentration. These rates of disappearance were compared with the ecological index of species proposed by LeBlanc & DeSloover in 1970, i.e. the index of average number of neighbours for a given species. Linear correlation showed that this ecological index is a reasonably accurate indicator of species sensitivity. When the selection of species was performed according to criteria other than SO2 sensitivity, viz. according to the predilection of lichens for eutrophicated bark, the ecological index proved reliable only when trees whose conditions were non-optimal for this group were excluded. When applied to the group of species that avoids eutrophicated bark the ecological index proved most reliable, although the group of ‘ nitrophilous ’ species may also be used in air pollution indicator studies.

Topik-Topik Komunikasi Dakwah Dalam Mesej Akidah Kepada Masyarakat Orang Asli di Selangor

Sains Insani ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Zulkefli Aini ◽  
Abdul Ghafar Don ◽  
Ahmad Irdha Mokhtar ◽  
Nur Uswah Ahmad Fauzi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Verbal Feedback ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Orang Asli ◽  
Case Study Design ◽  
Beliefs And Practice ◽  
Islamic Faith ◽  
Selection Of

One of the factors that can affect a person's behavior is a communication message. In the context of the da`wah, preachers who involved actively in da`wah communication with the Orang Asli should be able to ensure that the message conveyed can be understood by the target group. In addition, the selection of the correct messages of da`wah based on the foremost priority simplify the process of sharing information between the preachers and the Orang Asli. Accordingly, this article aims to identify specific topics of Islamic faith (akidah) submitted by the Orang Asli in the process of da`wah communication and to identify verbal feedback given by the preachers to the Orang Asli of the topics. This qualitative study using case study design and data was collected through semi-structured interviews. Interviews involving nine preachers were active in da`wah activity to the Orang Asli community in Selangor. Data were analyzed thematically according to the specified objectives. The study found that the topics frequently raised by the Orang Asli is concerned about belief in Allah, belief in Malaikat, and belief in Qada' and Qadar. The topics may be found within the framework of worldview in their beliefs and practice of ancient traditions. Therefore, the preachers gave verbal feedback on these topics is based on a clear and precise sample corresponding to the level of their thinking. The emphasis on these topics is very important to strengthen and purify the faith of the community.Keywords: Communication; Message; Preacher; Indigenous community Abstrak: Elemen mesej dalam komunikasi merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat memberi kesan terhadap perubahan tingkah laku seseorang. Dalam konteks dakwah, pendakwah yang terlibat dalam proses komunikasi dakwah dengan Orang Asli seharusnya berkebolehan memastikan kandungan mesej yang disampaikan boleh difahami oleh sasaran dakwahnya. Di samping itu, pemilihan mesej dakwah yang betul mengikut keutamaan memudahkan proses perkongsian maklumat antara pendakwah dengan Orang Asli. Sehubungan dengan itu, artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti topik-topik tertentu dalam mesej akidah yang dikemukakan oleh masyarakat Orang Asli kepada pendakwah dan mengenalpasti maklum balas lisan yang diberikan oleh pendakwah kepada Orang Asli terhadap topik tersebut. Kajian kualitatif ini menggunakan reka bentuk kajian kes dengan pengumpulan data melalui temu bual separa struktur. Temu bual melibatkan sembilan orang pendakwah yang aktif dalam aktiviti dakwah masyarakat Orang Asli di Selangor. Data kajian dianalisis secara tematik mengikut objektif yang ditentukan. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa topik-topik yang sering dikemukan oleh Orang Asli kepada pendakwah dalam penyampaian mesej akidah ialah berkenaan tentang keimanan kepada Allah SWT, keimanan kepada malaikat, dan keimanan kepada qada’ dan qadar. Topik-topik berkenaan didapati berada dalam kerangka worldview kepercayaan dan amalan tradisi mereka. Sehubungan dengan itu, pendakwah memberikan maklum balas lisan terhadap topik-topik tersebut adalah berdasarkan keterangan yang jelas dan contoh yang tepat bersesuaian dengan tahap pemikiran mereka. Penekanan terhadap topik-topik tersebut merupakan perkara yang penting dalam rangka mengukuhkan dan memurnikan akidah masyarakat Orang Asli.Kata kunci: Komunikasi; Mesej; Pendakwah; Komuniti Orang Asli

scholarly journals Species diversity driven by morphological and ecological disparity: a case study of comparative seed morphology and anatomy across a large monocot order

AoB Plants ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Benedict ◽  
Selena Y. Smith ◽  
Chelsea D. Specht ◽  
Margaret E. Collinson ◽  
Jana Leong-Škorničková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Seed Morphology

scholarly journals Incorporating radiomics into clinical trials: expert consensus on considerations for data-driven compared to biologically driven quantitative biomarkers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laure Fournier ◽  
Lena Costaridou ◽  
Luc Bidaut ◽  
Nicolas Michoux ◽  
Frederic E. Lecouvet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Quantitative Imaging ◽  
A Priori ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Clinical Validation ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Existing quantitative imaging biomarkers (QIBs) are associated with known biological tissue characteristics and follow a well-understood path of technical, biological and clinical validation before incorporation into clinical trials. In radiomics, novel data-driven processes extract numerous visually imperceptible statistical features from the imaging data with no a priori assumptions on their correlation with biological processes. The selection of relevant features (radiomic signature) and incorporation into clinical trials therefore requires additional considerations to ensure meaningful imaging endpoints. Also, the number of radiomic features tested means that power calculations would result in sample sizes impossible to achieve within clinical trials. This article examines how the process of standardising and validating data-driven imaging biomarkers differs from those based on biological associations. Radiomic signatures are best developed initially on datasets that represent diversity of acquisition protocols as well as diversity of disease and of normal findings, rather than within clinical trials with standardised and optimised protocols as this would risk the selection of radiomic features being linked to the imaging process rather than the pathology. Normalisation through discretisation and feature harmonisation are essential pre-processing steps. Biological correlation may be performed after the technical and clinical validity of a radiomic signature is established, but is not mandatory. Feature selection may be part of discovery within a radiomics-specific trial or represent exploratory endpoints within an established trial; a previously validated radiomic signature may even be used as a primary/secondary endpoint, particularly if associations are demonstrated with specific biological processes and pathways being targeted within clinical trials. Key Points • Data-driven processes like radiomics risk false discoveries due to high-dimensionality of the dataset compared to sample size, making adequate diversity of the data, cross-validation and external validation essential to mitigate the risks of spurious associations and overfitting. • Use of radiomic signatures within clinical trials requires multistep standardisation of image acquisition, image analysis and data mining processes. • Biological correlation may be established after clinical validation but is not mandatory.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document