scholarly journals Terrestrial biodiversity threatened by increasing global aridity velocity under high-level warming

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (36) ◽  
pp. e2015552118
Author(s):  
Hao Shi ◽  
Hanqin Tian ◽  
Stefan Lange ◽  
Jia Yang ◽  
Shufen Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Natural Protected Areas ◽  
Species Ranges ◽  
Terrestrial Species ◽  
Terrestrial Biodiversity ◽  
High Level ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Global aridification is projected to intensify. Yet, our knowledge of its potential impacts on species ranges remains limited. Here, we investigate global aridity velocity and its overlap with three sectors (natural protected areas, agricultural areas, and urban areas) and terrestrial biodiversity in historical (1979 through 2016) and future periods (2050 through 2099), with and without considering vegetation physiological response to rising CO2. Both agricultural and urban areas showed a mean drying velocity in history, although the concurrent global aridity velocity was on average +0.05/+0.20 km/yr−1 (no CO2 effects/with CO2 effects; “+” denoting wetting). Moreover, in drylands, the shifts of vegetation greenness isolines were found to be significantly coupled with the tracks of aridity velocity. In the future, the aridity velocity in natural protected areas is projected to change from wetting to drying across RCP (representative concentration pathway) 2.6, RCP6.0, and RCP8.5 scenarios. When accounting for spatial distribution of terrestrial taxa (including plants, mammals, birds, and amphibians), the global aridity velocity would be -0.15/-0.02 km/yr−1 (“-” denoting drying; historical), -0.12/-0.15 km/yr−1 (RCP2.6), -0.36/-0.10 km/yr−1 (RCP6.0), and -0.75/-0.29 km/yr−1 (RCP8.5), with amphibians particularly negatively impacted. Under all scenarios, aridity velocity shows much higher multidirectionality than temperature velocity, which is mainly poleward. These results suggest that aridification risks may significantly influence the distribution of terrestrial species besides warming impacts and further impact the effectiveness of current protected areas in future, especially under RCP8.5, which best matches historical CO2 emissions [C. R. Schwalm et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 117, 19656–19657 (2020)].

Spatial distribution and fluctuating populations of predatory mites (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae), phytophagous mites (Acari: Eriophyidae, Tetranychidae) and their relationships with wild chili pepper phenological stages in two Natural Protected Areas of Mexico

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Irving Monjarás-barrera ◽  
Mario Rocandio-rodríguez ◽  
Cristina Domínguez-castro ◽  
Francisco Reyes-zepeda ◽  
Sandra Grisell Mora-ravelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Natural Protected Areas ◽  
Settlement Development ◽  
Phytophagous Mites ◽  
Dispersion Patterns

Ecological interactions between mites (predatory and phytophagous) and wild plants growing in undisturbed environments play a crucial role to understand their natural settlement, development and dispersion patterns. Pequin chili pepper, Capsicum annuum L. var. glabriusculum, is a low-cost natural resource for local communities living inside Natural Protected Areas (ANP) of Tamaulipas State in Mexico. The aims of this research work were: 1) determine the spatial distribution pattern of predatory and phytophagous mites, 2) determine the spatiotemporal association between predatory and phytophagous mites, and 3) determine the association among different mite species and some phenological stages of Pequin chili pepper. The most abundant phytophagous mites were Tetranychus merganser and Aculops lycpoersici, and the predatory species were Amblyseius similoides, Euseius mesembrinus and Metaseiulus (Metaseiulus) negundinis. Most mite species showed an aggregated distribution pattern according to the plant phenological stages. However, the distribution of mite species throughout time showed different types of aggregation. On the other hand, we found positive associations among A. lycopersici and T. merganser phytophagous mites with A. similoides, E. mesembrinus and M. (M.) negundinis predators mites. The association between plants and mite species were influenced by the phenological stages of Pequin chili pepper. This is an indication of the complexity among trophic-chain interactions that depend largely on the available resources and competition. These two factors serve as foundations for settlement, development and dispersion patterns of certain species.

scholarly journals Future Scenarios for Land Use in Chile: Identifying Drivers of Change and Impacts over Protected Area System

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 408
Author(s):  
César Benavidez-Silva ◽  
Magdalena Jensen ◽  
Patricio Pliscoff
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Area Network ◽  
The North ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Human Ecosystems ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Chile is a country that depends on the extraction and export of its natural resources. This phenomenon has exacerbated different processes of transformation and disturbance of natural and human ecosystems. Land use change has become a key factor for the transformation of ecosystems, causing consequences for biodiversity conservation. In this study, current and future (2030, 2050 and 2080) land use categories were evaluated. Land use projections were analysed together with models of ecosystem distribution in Chile under different climate scenarios, to finally analyse different dynamics of land use change within the protected areas system. In all the scenarios evaluated, land use projections showed an increase in the areas of industrial forest plantations and urban areas and a decrease in natural and agricultural areas could be expected. In relation to ecosystem modeling, vegetational formations located in the center and south of the country could be expected to decrease, while vegetational formations in the north and center of the country could extend their surface area. Inside Chile’s protected area network, anthropic disturbances are currently undergoing expansion, which could have consequences for ecosystems and protected areas located in the central and central–south zones of Chile.

scholarly journals Using spatial metrics to assess the efficacy of biodiversity conservation within the Romanian Carpathian Convention area

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Alexandru-Ionuţ Petrişor ◽  
Liliana Elza Petrişor
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Transitional Dynamics ◽  
Spatial Metrics ◽  
Natural Protected Areas ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Biogeographical Region ◽  
Agricultural Areas

AbstractThe alpine region is of crucial importance for the European Union; as a result, the Carpathian Convention aims at its sustainable development. Since sustainability implies also conservation through natural protected areas, aimed at including regions representative for the national biogeographical space, this article aims at assessing the efficiency of conservation. The methodology consisted of using spatial metrics applied to Romanian and European data on the natural protected areas, land cover and use and their transitional dynamics. The findings show a very good coverage of the Alpine biogeographical region (98% included in the Convention area, and 43% of it protected within the Convention area) and of the ecological region of Carpathian montane coniferous forests (88% included in the Convention area, and 42% of it protected within the Convention area). The dominant land cover is represented by forests (63% within the Convention area, and 70% of the total protected area). The main transitional dynamics are deforestation (covering 50% of all changes area within the Convention area and 46% from the changed area within its protected area) and forestations – including afforestation, reforestation and colonization of abandoned agricultural areas by forest vegetation (covering 44% of all changes area within the Convention area and 51% from the changed area within its protected area) during 1990-2000 and deforestation (covering 97% of all changes area within the Convention area and 99% from the changed area within its protected area) during 1990-2000. The results suggest that the coverage of biogeographical and ecological zones is good, especially for the most relevant ones, but deforestations are a serious issue, regardless of occurring before or after achieving the protection status.

scholarly journals Biomonitoring of atmospheric trace elements in agricultural areas and a former uranium mine

Biomonitoring ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith H. Rodriguez ◽  
Eduardo D. Wannaz ◽  
Sebastian B. Weller ◽  
María L. Pignata
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Uranium Mine ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Agricultural Areas

AbstractMost biomonitoring studies worldwide have evaluated the air quality in industrial and urban areas, and even in mining areas to a lesser extent. However, air quality investigations in agricultural areas are scarce. In the present study, the trace metal accumulation and physiological response of the biomonitor

scholarly journals Monitoring of PAHs in the natural protected areas in non-heating season using Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) needles

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 01004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Borgulat ◽  
Tomasz Staszewski ◽  
Włodzimierz Łukasik
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Heating Season ◽  
Natural Protected Areas ◽  
Potential Index ◽  
Carcinogenic Potential ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Hazard Level ◽  
Spruce Needles

This paper presents the results of the screening investigation of the environmental burden of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the natural protected areas in non-heating season. Current year spruce needles were used as a bioacummulative indicator. The total exposure at 15 PAHs (2-6 rings) and carcinogenic potential of these compounds were taken as parameters describing the hazard level. Sampling, in a uniform way, was made in the Silesian Voivodeship landscape parks and the selected Polish national parks as well as in the reference sites with characteristic pattern of PAHs emission, namely in industrialized urban areas and near the expressway. The presence of PAHs, including carcinogenic ones, was shown in all the localities; their content in needles sampled in the natural protective areas was slightly diversified and ranged from 145 to 339 ng/g- (d. w.). Higher differences were observed for carcinogenic potential index (CP) which varied from 2.2 to 18.2. The analysis of PAHs profiles has shown that despite the seasonal lack of intensive emissions from domestic heating, in the majority of natural protective areas pyrogenic sources have also been identified. Profiles of PAHs found in Karkonoski and Ojcowski NPs suggest their petrogenic origin probably due to the intensive tourism (emissions from car engines) in those areas.

scholarly journals USING GPS TRECKS FOR ESTIMATION THE RECREATIONAL LOADS ON NATURAL PROTECTED AREAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
E.S. Kashirina ◽  
◽  
E.I. Golubeva ◽  
A.A. Novikov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Natural Protected Areas ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Specially Protected Natural Areas ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Gps Tracks ◽  
The Stability ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

The development of tourism and recreation in specially protected natural areas raises the problem of preserving natural landscapes, their biodiversity and unique properties. For this purpose, functional zoning of protected areas is carried out, tourist routes that combine the interests of tourists are laid and the stability of ecosystems are regulated. To assess the level of acceptable changes in the landscape, it is necessary to compare them with the number of tourists. The most effective method is a direct accounting of recreants, but it is labor-intensive and expensive. In this regard, indirect methods of accounting for recreational load have been widely developed: measuring the width and density of the tourist trails, counting the number of trampled markers, and using open civil (social) databases. The article considers the results of using GPS tracks to assess the recreational load of protected areas on the Crimean Peninsula. We analyzed 170 tracks of Hiking routes obtained from the GPSies service for the “Baydarsky” and “Cape Aya” reserves. According to the level of recreational load, tourist trails are ranked into 4 categories: high, medium, low and very low. High recreational load corresponds to more than 10 GPS tracks, medium – from 5 to 9, low – from 1 to 5. At a very low recreational load, GPS tracks are usually not available. The frequency of use of tourist routes on model reserves of the Crimea, estimated by the density of GPS tracks, indicates the localization of loads on some of the most popular trails. Among the selected 19 trails, 13 of them are characterized by a high level of recreational load and 6 – medium. Thus, data on the distribution and density of GPS tracks in the protected areas of the Crimean Peninsula showed their prospects for assessing the recreational load

scholarly journals What evidence exists on the possible effects of urban forms on terrestrial biodiversity in western cities? A systematic map protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgane Flégeau ◽  
Hélène Soubelet ◽  
Sophie Carré ◽  
Sébastien Barot ◽  
Xavier Lagurgue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
English Language ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Systematic Map ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Urban Forms ◽  
Terrestrial Species ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Terrestrial Biodiversity ◽  
The City

Abstract Background As urban areas expand, scientists now agree that the city is an important space for biodiversity conservation. Yet, still relatively little is known about how urban forms could have a differential impact on terrestrial species and ecosystems. If some reviews have been conducted to examine the link between biodiversity and urban characteristics at an infra-city scale, none have explored the relationship between urban organization and biodiversity and tried to assess the capacity of various urban forms to maintain and possibly favour flora and fauna in the city. The resulting map will present the state of knowledge regarding possible relationships between urban forms and its features on the establishment and settlement of terrestrial and temperate biodiversity at infra-city scale in western cities. Methods The systematic map will follow the Collaboration for Environmental Evidence (CEE) Guidelines. We will collect the relevant peer-reviewed and grey literature in French and English language. The scientific literature will be retrieved with the use of a search string in two publication databases, one environmental and one social science database (Web Of Science Core Collection, and Cairn.info). We will also perform supplementary searches (search engines, call for literature, search for relevant reviews). All references will be screened for relevance using a three-stage process, according to a predefined set of eligibility criteria. Our study will concentrate on urban areas at the infra-city scale in cities of the temperate biogeographical zone. The subject population will include terrestrial species and ecosystems, except for archaea and bacteria. The exposure will consider all types of urban forms described by any urban descriptors or measures including heterogeneity, fragmentation, housing density, organisation of urban matrix, urban fabric) and all types of urban features (e.g. size, age of the buildings, materials, urban artefacts). All relevant outcomes will be considered (e.g. species richness, abundance, behaviour). We will provide an open-access database of the studies included in the map. Our results will also be presented narratively, together with tables and graphs summarising the key information coded from the retained articles (e.g. study characteristics, types and areas of research that has been undertaken, types of exposure, population concerned, etc.).

scholarly journals Sustainable Tourism and Natural Protected Areas: Exploring Local Population Perceptions in a Post-Conflict Scenario

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 331
Author(s):  
Delia M. Andries ◽  
Cecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz ◽  
Pablo Díaz-Rodríguez ◽  
Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui ◽  
María F. Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Natural Protected Areas ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
The One

The expansion of urban areas around the world and the application of the sustainability paradigm to tourism discourses has favored an increase in the number of people visiting natural protected areas (NPAs) in their leisure time. While tourism is desired to boost the economy of destinations, mismanagement can bring negative consequences for social–ecological systems, particularly in post-conflict rural scenarios. In the context of a broader ethnographic research, we analyzed the perceptions of the local population about tourism development in the NPA Jaltepeque Estuary (El Salvador, Central America) and the establishment of a Biosphere Reserve in the area, using structured questionnaires and Multiple Correspondence Analysis for the typification of social actors. We found that overall, the population regards positively the development of tourism in the area. Fishermen are the only ones who highlight the negative economic consequences of tourism development, claiming disparity in the distribution of benefits and an increase in the cost of living. We conclude that although tourism development is an activity desired by local people, there is a need in the community to discuss how this process of socio-economic transformation should be approached and an evident conflict between two different models: the one desired and offered by the population and the one that is currently being developed in the nearby Costa del Sol corridor.

(A review) Atlas of especially protected natural areas of Saint Petersburg / Ed. in chief V. N. Khramtsov, T. V. Kovaleva, N. Yu. Natsvaladze. St. Petersburg, 2013. 176 p.

2014 ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
Z. V. Karamysheva
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Natural Protected Areas ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Original Illustrations ◽  
Vegetation Maps ◽  
Protected Natural Areas

The review contains detailed description of the «Atlas of especially protected natural areas of Saint Petersburg» published in 2013. This publication presents the results of long-term studies of 12 natural protected areas made by a large research team in the years from 2002 to 2013 (see References). The Atlas contains a large number of the historical maps, new satellite images, the original illustrations, detailed texts on the nature of protected areas, summary tables of rare species of vascular plants, fungi and vertebrates recorded in these areas. Special attention is paid to the principles of thematic large-scale mapping. The landscape maps, the vegetation maps as well as the maps of natural processes in landscapes are included. Reviewed Atlas deserves the highest praise.

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