scholarly journals Sustainable Tourism and Natural Protected Areas: Exploring Local Population Perceptions in a Post-Conflict Scenario

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 331
Author(s):  
Delia M. Andries ◽  
Cecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz ◽  
Pablo Díaz-Rodríguez ◽  
Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui ◽  
María F. Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Natural Protected Areas ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
The One

The expansion of urban areas around the world and the application of the sustainability paradigm to tourism discourses has favored an increase in the number of people visiting natural protected areas (NPAs) in their leisure time. While tourism is desired to boost the economy of destinations, mismanagement can bring negative consequences for social–ecological systems, particularly in post-conflict rural scenarios. In the context of a broader ethnographic research, we analyzed the perceptions of the local population about tourism development in the NPA Jaltepeque Estuary (El Salvador, Central America) and the establishment of a Biosphere Reserve in the area, using structured questionnaires and Multiple Correspondence Analysis for the typification of social actors. We found that overall, the population regards positively the development of tourism in the area. Fishermen are the only ones who highlight the negative economic consequences of tourism development, claiming disparity in the distribution of benefits and an increase in the cost of living. We conclude that although tourism development is an activity desired by local people, there is a need in the community to discuss how this process of socio-economic transformation should be approached and an evident conflict between two different models: the one desired and offered by the population and the one that is currently being developed in the nearby Costa del Sol corridor.

scholarly journals Economic and geographical factors of tourism development of Eastern Ukraine during the conflict

2018 ◽  
pp. 100-109
Author(s):  
Halyna Zavarika
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Slow Increase ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Geographical Factors ◽  
Conflict Period

The article analyses the influence of economic and geographical factors on the development of tourism in the east of Ukraine during the conflict period. In order to achieve the goal the economic situation in the Luhansk region is assessed. Namely, the structural changes in the industrial complex, the state of transport infrastructure and investment attractiveness are analysed, the region's tourist potential and local population's income are determined, the main indicators of tourism development in Luhansk region during the study period and dynamics of tourist receipts from 2015-2017 are established. In the process of work analytical, statistical, system, forecast, comparative-geographical research methods were used. It is revealed that economic and geographical factors are leading to the prospective development of tourism. The deterioration of the economic indicators of the Luhansk region, the destruction of the transport infrastructure of the region, and the outflow of investments from the region have been revealed. The main problems of tourism in the region are carrying out anti-terrorist operation; lack of financial support for the development of the industry; non-compliance with international quality standards for tourist services; poorly developed logistics for tourists in the region; insufficient level of awareness of the urban population about recreation opportunities in the region. The low average level of incomes of the local population is established. It also complicates the development of domestic tourism, as well as a tendency towards a slow increase in revenues from tourist fees. It is proved that the conflict negatively marked the development of the tourism industry in the region. It is determined that tourism in the post-conflict days can become an important component of the economy of the region. The main provisions of the article can be used for further research into the future development of tourism in the east of Ukraine. Key words: tourism, economic-geographical factors, tourist tax, incomes.

scholarly journals Geographic analysis of the condition of tourism of Luhansk region (Ukraine) in the context of the conflict

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 692-705
Author(s):  
Olha A. Lyubitseva ◽  
Galina M. Zavarika
Keyword(s):  
Tourism Development ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
The State ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Geographic Analysis ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
The Status ◽  
First Time ◽  
Conflict Period

The article is devoted to the geographic analysis and evaluation of the development of tourism in Luhansk region in the context of the current conflict. The aim of this report is to monitor the state of tourism in Luhansk region, which is especially relevant in this transformational period. We used research methodology which combines the philosophical and general scientific principles that form the methodological principles of scientific research and include a number of laws and categories. Analytical, statistical, comparative-geographical, historical methods of research were used. We considered in chronological order the formation of tourism in the region. The state of tourism in the region under the conditions of the conflict is analyzed. It is revealed that the current state of tourism is that of crisis, but there are positive prospects for development. The geographical possibilities of tourism development at the present stage are substantiated. It is proposed to develop the most promising types of tourism. The scientific novelty is due to choice of theme itself, because geographers devote insufficient attention to the study of tourism development issues in the context of the conflict. For the first time , a geographic analysis of the status of tourism of Luhansk region in the conditions of the conflict is presented. The methods of comprehensive assessment of tourism development at the regional level have been improved with the use of quantitative and qualitative indicators, which allows us to determine the directions of tourist development in the region. The existing information on the influence of the conflict period on tourism development is supplemented.For the first time, a comprehensive analysis of the status of tourism in Luhansk region was carried out for different periods: at the beginning of the conflict and during the conflict, which showed that Ukraine’s image as a place of conflict led to the emergence of new social-geographical features of the development of tourism in the east of Ukraine. It is revealed that the conflict has led to instability in the development of tourism, tourists who are worried about their safety refuse to visit a conflicted country or region. This inevitably leads to a decrease in the number of international tourist arrivals and revenues from tourism, a decrease in the number of objects of tourism and of collective accommodation facilities. It is determined that the attractiveness for tourism and image of the eastern region is almost lost as a result of the conflict. It is proved that the conflict negatively impacted the development of the tourism industry in the region, namely, all types of tourism suffered, significantly reducing the total number of tourists.It is determined that tourism in the post-conflict period may become a promising direction of economic development of the eastern regions of Ukraine. The main provisions, factual material and conclusions of the article can be used for further research on the development of tourism in Luhansk region and the creation of a concept for overcoming the negative consequences of the conflict of 2014-2019 in Ukraine for the development of the national tourism industry.

“Belgrade to Belgradians, Not Foreign Capitalists”: International Statebuilding, Contentious Politics, and New Forms of Political Representation in Serbia

2020 ◽  
pp. 088832542090444
Author(s):  
Nemanja Džuverović ◽  
Aleksandar Milošević
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Contentious Politics ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
International Statebuilding

This article belongs to a forthcoming special cluster, “Contention Politics and International Statebuilding in Southeast Europe” guest-edited by Nemanja Džuverovic, Julia Rone and Tom Junes. One of the main criticisms concerning the process of post-conflict transition in Serbia has been the lack of context sensitivity and participation of the local population in the decision-making process, especially regarding the most important issues that were addressed during the political and economic transformation of the country that began in 2001. This criticism became especially pronounced from the beginning of the economic crisis in 2008, when the negative characteristics of international statebuilding became even more apparent, causing increased dependency on international institutions and further economic marginalisation of the most vulnerable groups. By looking at the movement “Don’t Drown Belgrade” and the series of large-scale protests in Belgrade in 2016, the article seeks to explore the main reasons for social discontent with the international-led statebuilding agenda in post-conflict Serbian society and the local strategies employed to resist and subvert this form of statebuilding.

scholarly journals Terrestrial biodiversity threatened by increasing global aridity velocity under high-level warming

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (36) ◽  
pp. e2015552118
Author(s):  
Hao Shi ◽  
Hanqin Tian ◽  
Stefan Lange ◽  
Jia Yang ◽  
Shufen Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Natural Protected Areas ◽  
Species Ranges ◽  
Terrestrial Species ◽  
Terrestrial Biodiversity ◽  
High Level ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Global aridification is projected to intensify. Yet, our knowledge of its potential impacts on species ranges remains limited. Here, we investigate global aridity velocity and its overlap with three sectors (natural protected areas, agricultural areas, and urban areas) and terrestrial biodiversity in historical (1979 through 2016) and future periods (2050 through 2099), with and without considering vegetation physiological response to rising CO2. Both agricultural and urban areas showed a mean drying velocity in history, although the concurrent global aridity velocity was on average +0.05/+0.20 km/yr−1 (no CO2 effects/with CO2 effects; “+” denoting wetting). Moreover, in drylands, the shifts of vegetation greenness isolines were found to be significantly coupled with the tracks of aridity velocity. In the future, the aridity velocity in natural protected areas is projected to change from wetting to drying across RCP (representative concentration pathway) 2.6, RCP6.0, and RCP8.5 scenarios. When accounting for spatial distribution of terrestrial taxa (including plants, mammals, birds, and amphibians), the global aridity velocity would be -0.15/-0.02 km/yr−1 (“-” denoting drying; historical), -0.12/-0.15 km/yr−1 (RCP2.6), -0.36/-0.10 km/yr−1 (RCP6.0), and -0.75/-0.29 km/yr−1 (RCP8.5), with amphibians particularly negatively impacted. Under all scenarios, aridity velocity shows much higher multidirectionality than temperature velocity, which is mainly poleward. These results suggest that aridification risks may significantly influence the distribution of terrestrial species besides warming impacts and further impact the effectiveness of current protected areas in future, especially under RCP8.5, which best matches historical CO2 emissions [C. R. Schwalm et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 117, 19656–19657 (2020)].

scholarly journals DEGRADATION OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES OF PROTECTED AREAS IN URBANIZED ZONES

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Havrylenko ◽  
E. Tsyhanok
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Ultraviolet Rays ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Recreation Zone

The article analyzes the state of development and implementation of the ecosystem services concept in the world and in Ukraine as an integral part of the global economic value of the planet. The impact of the quality of ecosystem services of protected areas on the urban infrastructure functioning is not researched well; the consideration of the importance of protected areas ecosystem services of urban areas for large cities vital activities is limited; also, there is a need to manage such territories on the basis of the ecosystem approach. This study substantiates the necessity of identification and evaluation of protected areas of ecosystem services in urban zones. The research of main causes and factors of ecosystem services degradation in the urbanized environment has been done on the example of the regional landscape park «Lysa Gora» in Kyiv-city. It has revealed the value of supporting, provisioning, regulating and cultural services of ecosystems within the limits of each park’s landscape-functional zone for the city’s livelihoods. The most important services provided by the ecosystems of the landscape park reserve zone are the habitats preservation of the most valuable populations of the Red List plants, animals and mushrooms species and their biodiversity, soil formation, deflation of rocks, water infiltration and moisture accumulation, herb maintenance of surface and underground drainage, replenishment soil moisture, the flow of nutrients and water, the primary products production and oxygen production in the process of photosynthesis, the regulation air quality and balance in it dioxide and oxygen, ultraviolet rays protection, microclimate regulation, implement erosion and biological control. Among the ecosystem services of the regulated recreation zone, the most important are recreational, environmentally education, cultural, behavioural and scientific-cognitive, whose value is significantly increased in an urbanized environment. The real threat of the Kyiv’s loss of the valuable biodiversity focus and recreation areas is the result of conflicts between different subjects of nature using. There has been created a mapping, which shows the main factors of the study area ecosystem services degradation. In particular, within the reserve zone, such factors are frequent arrival of motor transport, laying quad bikes excursion routes by the most valuable parts of the park, misuse of the reserve zone, dumping of garbage in natural reservoirs, tree felling. The most common causes of ecosystem services degradation within the regulated recreation zone are the massive unorganized recreation of the local population, widespread firefighting, municipal waste incineration, sanitary logging, dumping of building debris, etc. In order to preserve and restore the landscape park ecosystem services quality, which is used by a significant part of the local population, the conflicts identified must be eliminated immediately.

scholarly journals Monitoring of PAHs in the natural protected areas in non-heating season using Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) needles

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 01004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Borgulat ◽  
Tomasz Staszewski ◽  
Włodzimierz Łukasik
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Heating Season ◽  
Natural Protected Areas ◽  
Potential Index ◽  
Carcinogenic Potential ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Hazard Level ◽  
Spruce Needles

This paper presents the results of the screening investigation of the environmental burden of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the natural protected areas in non-heating season. Current year spruce needles were used as a bioacummulative indicator. The total exposure at 15 PAHs (2-6 rings) and carcinogenic potential of these compounds were taken as parameters describing the hazard level. Sampling, in a uniform way, was made in the Silesian Voivodeship landscape parks and the selected Polish national parks as well as in the reference sites with characteristic pattern of PAHs emission, namely in industrialized urban areas and near the expressway. The presence of PAHs, including carcinogenic ones, was shown in all the localities; their content in needles sampled in the natural protective areas was slightly diversified and ranged from 145 to 339 ng/g- (d. w.). Higher differences were observed for carcinogenic potential index (CP) which varied from 2.2 to 18.2. The analysis of PAHs profiles has shown that despite the seasonal lack of intensive emissions from domestic heating, in the majority of natural protective areas pyrogenic sources have also been identified. Profiles of PAHs found in Karkonoski and Ojcowski NPs suggest their petrogenic origin probably due to the intensive tourism (emissions from car engines) in those areas.

scholarly journals Aspects of tourism development in natural national park “Skolivski Beskydy”

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (40) ◽  
pp. 243-250
Author(s):  
M. Kadnichanska
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Key Words ◽  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Natural Protected Areas ◽  
Tourism Potential

The peculiarities of development of tourism in the National Park “Skole Beskydy” are considered. Described is the tou-rist resource potential of the park. The article highlights problems and prospects of national parks for ecotourism. Key words: natural national park, eco-tourism, eco-tourism potential, natural protected areas (fund).

scholarly journals THE ORGANIZATION OF TOURISM OF SPAIN IN THE PERIODIC CONFLICTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
O. Liubitseva ◽  
G. Zavarik
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Marketing Plan ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Strategic Objectives ◽  
New Era ◽  
Tourism Marketing ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
The One

The current state of tourism organization in Spain is investigated. Methods of analysis, synthesis, historical, statistical, comparative- geographical, political marketing are used. The features of the influence of the Catalan conflict on the tourist activity of Spain are considered. It was found that the Catalan conflict reduces the intensity of tourism activities in the region, but is not a deterrent for tourists. The mechanism of the organization of tourist activity in the conditions of periodic conflicts is revealed. It was found that the tourism sector in Spain for the first time faced with the change of a long cycle, which suggests a new era in which digitization is the catalyst for this. This entails breaking the traditional value chain, conferring, on the one hand, a Central role to the tourist, with a more demanding and critical profile and perhaps more decision-making power. The market has clearly turned into a market of demand, forcing an in-depth rethinking of the tourism marketing strategy, which should be based on the tourist. Six strategic objectives have been identified that meet the relevant tactical objectives depending on the geographical area and the purpose of the strategic marketing plan, attracting quality and sustainable tourism demand. It is established that positive changes in tourism activity in Spain are due to the development of a new strategic plan for the development of tourism. It is indicated that the Catalan conflict is of concern in the organization of tourism activities, so it involved some steps that will contribute to the aggravation of the conflict, reduce its impact. It was found that the strategic goal involves taking risks, namely external phenomena such as political instability, lack of security or other international events that are very difficult to predict. The positive components of marketing activities, which are proposed to be implemented in Ukraine in order to overcome the negative consequences of the conflict in the post-conflict period, are obtained.

scholarly journals Attitudes of Urban Residents’ Toward Tourism: Evidence from Bishkek

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyil Najimudinova ◽  
Naryngul Margazieva
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The World

On a global scale, tourism is an actively developing industry, which is of great importance for the development of the economy of many regions of the world. Satisfaction of the local population with the development of tourism is closely related to the opportunities for active participation in the decision-making process on tourism development. The level of satisfaction with tourism can show the feelings and attitude of the residents toward tourism, and in particular, to tourists. Satisfied local people are more hospitable and willing to provide tourists with the necessary products and services. This paper aims to study the attitude of urban residents towards tourism and its development on the basis of a survey conducted among residents of Bishkek by random sampling. Bishkek is the capital of the country and the largest number of registered economic entities in the tourism sector is focused in Bishkek. Respondents (N=190) attitude toward tourism varied according to their age, education, gender, marital status. The study showed that urban residents have a mostly benevolent and supportive attitude to tourism. Among the negative consequences expected from tourism development is related with the risk of rising prices in accommodation facilities. The results can be useful for policy makers, business representatives, local government and researchers.

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