scholarly journals Stewardship of global collective behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (27) ◽  
pp. e2025764118
Author(s):  
Joseph B. Bak-Coleman ◽  
Mark Alfano ◽  
Wolfram Barfuss ◽  
Carl T. Bergstrom ◽  
Miguel A. Centeno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Collective Behavior ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Information Flows ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
Share Information

Collective behavior provides a framework for understanding how the actions and properties of groups emerge from the way individuals generate and share information. In humans, information flows were initially shaped by natural selection yet are increasingly structured by emerging communication technologies. Our larger, more complex social networks now transfer high-fidelity information over vast distances at low cost. The digital age and the rise of social media have accelerated changes to our social systems, with poorly understood functional consequences. This gap in our knowledge represents a principal challenge to scientific progress, democracy, and actions to address global crises. We argue that the study of collective behavior must rise to a “crisis discipline” just as medicine, conservation, and climate science have, with a focus on providing actionable insight to policymakers and regulators for the stewardship of social systems.

scholarly journals E-CONVERSE AN AFFORDABLE TOUCH SCREEN SOLUTION TO INTRIGUE DINING EXPERIENCE

2016 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
S. R. PATIL ◽  
SNEHAL SALUNKHE ◽  
NIKITA KULKARNI ◽  
PRIYANKA SAVANT
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Touch Screen ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Basic Level

ample efforts have been taken in restaurant sector to intrigue the dining experience. Several information and communication technologies have been adopted earlier such as PDA; wireless communication technologies etc.These technologies provide a simple but powerful infrastructure. This paper highlights the limitations of the existing technologies and proposed the E-CONVERSE, which focuses on low cost touch-screen development to enhance the dining experience. In this paper we discuss the design and implementation of a low cost, customizable touch screen. To ensure the security of the system some security strategies are discussed. Basic level testing reveals that proposed system has potential for practical implementation and can overcome several drawbacks of existing system.

scholarly journals Novel Neonatal Simulator Provides High-Fidelity Ventilation Training Comparable to Real-Life Newborn Ventilation

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 940
Author(s):  
Joanna Haynes ◽  
Peder Bjorland ◽  
Øystein Gomo ◽  
Anastasia Ushakova ◽  
Siren Rettedal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Neonatal Resuscitation ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
High Resource ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Face mask ventilation of apnoeic neonates is an essential skill. However, many non-paediatric healthcare personnel (HCP) in high-resource childbirth facilities receive little hands-on real-life practice. Simulation training aims to bridge this gap by enabling skill acquisition and maintenance. Success may rely on how closely a simulator mimics the clinical conditions faced by HCPs during neonatal resuscitation. Using a novel, low-cost, high-fidelity simulator designed to train newborn ventilation skills, we compared objective measures of ventilation derived from the new manikin and from real newborns, both ventilated by the same group of experienced paediatricians. Simulated and clinical ventilation sequences were paired according to similar duration of ventilation required to achieve success. We found consistencies between manikin and neonatal positive pressure ventilation (PPV) in generated peak inflating pressure (PIP), mask leak and comparable expired tidal volume (eVT), but positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) was lower in manikin ventilation. Correlations between PIP, eVT and leak followed a consistent pattern for manikin and neonatal PPV, with a negative relationship between eVT and leak being the only significant correlation. Airway obstruction occurred with the same frequency in the manikin and newborns. These findings support the fidelity of the manikin in simulating clinical conditions encountered during real newborn ventilation. Two limitations of the simulator provide focus for further improvements.

scholarly journals COMMUNICATION SKILLS AS A KEY TO CAREER DEVELOPMENT IN THE DIGITAL AGE

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 227-231
Author(s):  
Palle Manohar ◽  
G. Chenna Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Communication Skills ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Information Flows ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Collaborative Activities ◽  
Crucial Ingredient ◽  
Historical Necessity

The postmodern phenomenon of globalization has launched digitalization as an outcome and the part of communication technologies by which the world has been brought together transcending the barriers of countries and cultures. The increase of global trade and the necessity of close and interlinked association among the nations at various stages of development have become imperative today as a historical necessity for future survival. Communication skills, especially in English, have become a crucial ingredient in all most all activities of life as communication channels are the arteries through which information flows and circulates to sustain any activity without disruption. Besides, to that the growth of coordination and collaborative activities in all spheres of life both public and private. Acquisition of and master over communication skills are the intellectual tools by which one’s competence is measured and career is enhanced. In the age of specialization and hierarchal structures of large organizations, communication is the link connecting and synergizing all activities and ability to communicate clearly and effectively is of immeasurable significance, to assume an important place in any organization. Every field of activity has its own specific vocabulary, specialized jargon and modes of communication which should be mastered by all participants to maintain the overall activity, especially in the age of digitalization. To rise effectively in one’s career and contribute satisfactorily and successfully, special packages of communication skills should be designed and imparted to all potential candidates who are ambitious of to rise high in one’s career. The inauguration of digital age made it both convenient to choose ones place and time for learning and also challenging as to how to utilize the recent technologies to enhance and extend ones communicative reach to become successful in one’s career. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the various programs and strategies of communication necessary to enhance ones career prospects by training the participants to equip themselves with right competitive communication skills in tandem with contemporary digital technology available.

scholarly journals High-Fidelity Agent-Based Modeling to Support Prevention Decision-Making: an Open Science Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter H. Vermeer ◽  
Justin D. Smith ◽  
Uri Wilensky ◽  
C. Hendricks Brown
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Model Verification ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Modeling Process ◽  
Novel Method

AbstractPreventing adverse health outcomes is complex due to the multi-level contexts and social systems in which these phenomena occur. To capture both the systemic effects, local determinants, and individual-level risks and protective factors simultaneously, the prevention field has called for adoption of system science methods in general and agent-based models (ABMs) specifically. While these models can provide unique and timely insight into the potential of prevention strategies, an ABM’s ability to do so depends strongly on its accuracy in capturing the phenomenon. Furthermore, for ABMs to be useful, they need to be accepted by and available to decision-makers and other stakeholders. These two attributes of accuracy and acceptability are key components of open science. To ensure the creation of high-fidelity models and reliability in their outcomes and consequent model-based decision-making, we present a set of recommendations for adopting and using this novel method. We recommend ways to include stakeholders throughout the modeling process, as well as ways to conduct model verification, validation, and replication. Examples from HIV and overdose prevention work illustrate how these recommendations can be applied.

scholarly journals QUANTUM COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Antonio Manzalini ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Information Communication Technologies ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
5G Network ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Second Wave

Today, like never before, we are witnessing a pervasive diffusion of ultra-broadband fixed-mobile connectivity, the deployment of Cloud-native 5G network and service platforms, and the wide adoption of Artificial Intelligence. It has the so-called Digital Transformation of our Society: as a matter of fact, the transformative role of Telecommunications and Information Communication Technologies (ICT) has long been witnessed as a precursor of scientific progress and economic growth in the modern world. Nevertheless, this transformation is still laying its foundations on Electronics and the impending end of Moore’s Law: therefore, a rethinking of the long-term ways of doing computation and communications has been already started. Among these different ways, quantum technologies might trigger the next innovation breakthrough in the medium long-term. In this direction, the paper provides an overview of the state of the art, challenges, and opportunities posed by an expected second wave of quantum technologies and services.

Remote Control Switch Socket for Intelligent Home Based on Wifi and PLC

2014 ◽  
Vol 971-973 ◽  
pp. 1304-1307
Author(s):  
Yi Wang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Remote Control ◽  
Smart Home ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Intelligent Home ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Control Switch ◽  
Design Idea

Aiming at the applications of smart home, a novel intelligent remote control switch socket based on Wifi and PLC technologies was described and designed to replace the traditional wired sppliances.The intelligent remote control switch socket using Wifi and PLC communication technologies, compared to the existing technology solutions, which has the advantages of more flexible networking, low cost, easy to implement and promotion, etc..It will provide an intelligent switch socket design idea and method for the development and promotion of smart home system .

scholarly journals A novel, low-cost, reusable, high-fidelity neurosurgical training simulator for cerebrovascular bypass surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
pp. 1663-1671
Author(s):  
Ulas Cikla ◽  
Balkan Sahin ◽  
Sahin Hanalioglu ◽  
Azam S. Ahmed ◽  
David Niemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Superficial Temporal Artery ◽  
Temporal Artery ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Skin Closure ◽  
Neurosurgical Training ◽  
Training Simulator ◽  
Live Animal

OBJECTIVECerebrovascular bypass surgery is a challenging yet important neurosurgical procedure that is performed to restore circulation in the treatment of carotid occlusive diseases, giant/complex aneurysms, and skull base tumors. It requires advanced microsurgical skills and dedicated training in microsurgical techniques. Most available training tools, however, either lack the realism of the actual bypass surgery (e.g., artificial vessel, chicken wing models) or require special facilities and regulations (e.g., cadaver, live animal, placenta models). The aim of the present study was to design a readily accessible, realistic, easy-to-build, reusable, and high-fidelity simulator to train neurosurgeons or trainees on vascular anastomosis techniques even in the operating room.METHODSThe authors used an anatomical skull and brain model, artificial vessels, and a water pump to simulate both extracranial and intracranial circulations. They demonstrated the step-by-step preparation of the bypass simulator using readily available and affordable equipment and consumables.RESULTSAll necessary steps of a superficial temporal artery–middle cerebral artery bypass surgery (from skin opening to skin closure) were performed on the simulator under a surgical microscope. The simulator was used by both experienced neurosurgeons and trainees. Feedback survey results from the participants of the microsurgery course suggested that the model is superior to existing microanastomosis training kits in simulating real surgery conditions (e.g., depth, blood flow, anatomical constraints) and holds promise for widespread use in neurosurgical training.CONCLUSIONSWith no requirement for specialized laboratory facilities and regulations, this novel, low-cost, reusable, high-fidelity simulator can be readily constructed and used for neurosurgical training with various scenarios and modifications.

Research Insights: Can Low-Cost Communication Technologies Bridge Information Gaps between Schools and Parents?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Berlinski ◽  
Matías Busso ◽  
Taryn Dinkelman ◽  
Claudia Martínez
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
At Risk Students ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
School Absenteeism ◽  
School Behavior ◽  
Percentage Points

We document large gaps between parents knowledge and school reports of students attendance and grades. Sending frequent text messages with information on attendance, grades and school behavior shrinks those gaps. Parents of at-risk students adjust their understanding of their children's performance to the greatest degree. High-frequency text messages had positive impacts on grades and attendance. Math GPA increased 0.08 of a standard deviation; the probability of earning a passing grade in math increased by 2.7 percentage points (relative to a mean of 90 percent). The intervention also reduced school absenteeism by 1 percentage point and increased the share of students who met attendance requirements for grade promotion by 4.5 percentage points.

Information and Communication Technologies, Democracy, and Human Rights in Nigeria

2015 ◽  
pp. 626-645
Author(s):  
Joseph Wilson ◽  
Nuhu Gapsiso
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Share Information ◽  
Rights Issues

The unprecedented impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) on nearly every facet of human endeavour has continued to attract individual and organizational interest to explore these technologies for specific cause. ICTs are increasingly being used in promoting democracy and human rights issues: to mobilize and strengthen solidarity, increase communication among interest groups, and share information more quickly. There is no doubt that ICTs deployment in Nigeria and other developing countries has sparked growth in citizens' abilities to communicate and share ideas, but there are impediments. This chapter looks at the evolution of ICTs in Nigeria, the place of ICTs in promoting democracy/human rights, and discusses the challenges of harnessing the enormous benefits of ICTs in promoting democracy and human rights in Nigeria.

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