scholarly journals Caenorhabditis elegans Δ12-Desaturase FAT-2 Is a Bifunctional Desaturase Able to Desaturate a Diverse Range of Fatty Acid Substrates at the Δ12 and Δ15 Positions

2011 ◽  
Vol 286 (51) ◽  
pp. 43644-43650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Rong Zhou ◽  
Allan G. Green ◽  
Surinder P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Δ12 Desaturase

scholarly journals A non-canonical Δ9-desaturase synthesizing palmitoleic acid identified in the thraustochytrid Aurantiochytrium sp. T66

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E-Ming Rau ◽  
Inga Marie Aasen ◽  
Helga Ertesvåg
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Gene Annotation ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Strain Engineering ◽  
Δ9 Desaturase ◽  
Δ12 Desaturase

Abstract Thraustochytrids are oleaginous marine eukaryotic microbes currently used to produce the essential omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 n-3). To improve the production of this essential fatty acid by strain engineering, it is important to deeply understand how thraustochytrids synthesize fatty acids. While DHA is synthesized by a dedicated enzyme complex, other fatty acids are probably synthesized by the fatty acid synthase, followed by desaturases and elongases. Which unsaturated fatty acids are produced differs between different thraustochytrid genera and species; for example, Aurantiochytrium sp. T66, but not Aurantiochytrium limacinum SR21, synthesizes palmitoleic acid (C16:1 n-7) and vaccenic acid (C18:1 n-7). How strain T66 can produce these fatty acids has not been known, because BLAST analyses suggest that strain T66 does not encode any Δ9-desaturase-like enzyme. However, it does encode one Δ12-desaturase-like enzyme. In this study, the latter enzyme was expressed in A. limacinum SR21, and both C16:1 n-7 and C18:1 n-7 could be detected in the transgenic cells. Our results show that this desaturase, annotated T66Des9, is a Δ9-desaturase accepting C16:0 as a substrate. Phylogenetic studies indicate that the corresponding gene probably has evolved from a Δ12-desaturase-encoding gene. This possibility has not been reported earlier and is important to consider when one tries to deduce the potential a given organism has for producing unsaturated fatty acids based on its genome sequence alone. Key points • In thraustochytrids, automatic gene annotation does not always explain the fatty acids produced. • T66Des9 is shown to synthesize palmitoleic acid (C16:1 n-7). • T66des9 has probably evolved from Δ12-desaturase-encoding genes.

scholarly journals Intracellular Phospholipase A1 and Acyltransferase, Which Are Involved in Caenorhabditis elegans Stem Cell Divisions, Determine the sn-1 Fatty Acyl Chain of Phosphatidylinositol

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 3114-3124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rieko Imae ◽  
Takao Inoue ◽  
Masako Kimura ◽  
Takahiro Kanamori ◽  
Naoko H. Tomioka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Acyl Chain ◽  
Asymmetric Division ◽  
Fatty Acyl ◽  
Fatty Acyl Chain ◽  
Acyltransferase Activity ◽  
Stem Cell Divisions

Phosphatidylinositol (PI), an important constituent of membranes, contains stearic acid as the major fatty acid at the sn-1 position. This fatty acid is thought to be incorporated into PI through fatty acid remodeling by sequential deacylation and reacylation. However, the genes responsible for the reaction are unknown, and consequently, the physiological significance of the sn-1 fatty acid remains to be elucidated. Here, we identified acl-8, -9, and -10, which are closely related to each other, and ipla-1 as strong candidates for genes involved in fatty acid remodeling at the sn-1 position of PI. In both ipla-1 mutants and acl-8 acl-9 acl-10 triple mutants of Caenorhabditis elegans, the stearic acid content of PI is reduced, and asymmetric division of stem cell-like epithelial cells is defective. The defects in asymmetric division of these mutants are suppressed by a mutation of the same genes involved in intracellular retrograde transport, suggesting that ipla-1 and acl genes act in the same pathway. IPLA-1 and ACL-10 have phospholipase A1 and acyltransferase activity, respectively, both of which recognize the sn-1 position of PI as their substrate. We propose that the sn-1 fatty acid of PI is determined by ipla-1 and acl-8, -9, -10 and crucial for asymmetric divisions.

scholarly journals The ω-3 fatty acid α-linolenic acid extends Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan via NHR-49/PPARα and oxidation to oxylipins

Aging Cell ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1125-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenbo Qi ◽  
Gloria E. Gutierrez ◽  
Xiaoli Gao ◽  
Hong Dixon ◽  
Joe A. McDonough ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Linolenic Acid

scholarly journals Gene transfer of the Caenorhabditis elegans n-3 fatty acid desaturase inhibits neuronal apoptosis

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 1360-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinlin Ge ◽  
Xiaoying Wang ◽  
Zhihong Chen ◽  
Natalie Landman ◽  
Eng H. Lo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Neuronal Apoptosis ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase

Mutation in Caenorhabditis elegans Krüppel-like factor, KLF-3 results in fat accumulation and alters fatty acid composition

2009 ◽  
Vol 315 (15) ◽  
pp. 2568-2580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Chuan Yang ◽  
Christopher Brey ◽  
Marilis Rodriguez ◽  
Yelena Oksov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Fat Accumulation

scholarly journals A novel sphingolipid-TORC1 pathway critically promotes postembryonic development in Caenorhabditis elegans

eLife ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanhu Zhu ◽  
Huali Shen ◽  
Aileen K Sewell ◽  
Marina Kniazeva ◽  
Min Han
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Postembryonic Development ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Metabolic Status ◽  
Animal Development ◽  
Branched Chain

Regulation of animal development in response to nutritional cues is an intensely studied problem related to disease and aging. While extensive studies indicated roles of the Target of Rapamycin (TOR) in sensing certain nutrients for controlling growth and metabolism, the roles of fatty acids and lipids in TOR-involved nutrient/food responses are obscure. Caenorhabditis elegans halts postembryonic growth and development shortly after hatching in response to monomethyl branched-chain fatty acid (mmBCFA) deficiency. Here, we report that an mmBCFA-derived sphingolipid, d17iso-glucosylceramide, is a critical metabolite in regulating growth and development. Further analysis indicated that this lipid function is mediated by TORC1 and antagonized by the NPRL-2/3 complex in the intestine. Strikingly, the essential lipid function is bypassed by activating TORC1 or inhibiting NPRL-2/3. Our findings uncover a novel lipid-TORC1 signaling pathway that coordinates nutrient and metabolic status with growth and development, advancing our understanding of the physiological roles of mmBCFAs, ceramides, and TOR.

scholarly journals New strains for tissue-specific RNAi studies in Caenorhabditis elegans

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason S. Watts ◽  
Henry F. Harrison ◽  
Shizue Omi ◽  
Quentin Guenthers ◽  
James Dalelio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Gene Function ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Resistant Mutant ◽  
Knockout Mutant ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractRNA interference is a powerful tool for dissecting gene function. In Caenorhabditis elegans, ingestion of double stranded RNA causes strong, systemic knockdown of target genes. Further insight into gene function can be revealed by tissue-specific RNAi techniques. Currently available tissue-specific C. elegans strains rely on rescue of RNAi function in a desired tissue or cell in an otherwise RNAi deficient genetic background. We attempted to assess the contribution of specific tissues to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) synthesis using currently available tissue-specific RNAi strains. We discovered that rde-1 (ne219), a commonly used RNAi-resistant mutant strain, retains considerable RNAi capacity against RNAi directed at PUFA synthesis genes. By measuring changes in the fatty acid products of the desaturase enzymes that synthesize PUFAs, we found that the before mentioned strain, rde-1 (ne219) and the reported germline only RNAi strain, rrf-1 (pk1417) are not appropriate genetic backgrounds for tissue-specific RNAi experiments. However, the knockout mutant rde-1 (ne300) was strongly resistant to dsRNA induced RNAi, and thus is more appropriate for construction of a robust tissue-specific RNAi strains. Using newly constructed strains in the rde-1(null) background, we found considerable desaturase activity in intestinal, epidermal, and germline tissues, but not in muscle. The RNAi-specific strains reported in this study will be useful tools for C. elegans researchers studying a variety of biological processes.

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