The impact of source text presence on simultaneous interpreting performance in fast speeches

Babel ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 588-603
Author(s):  
Shanshan Yang ◽  
Defeng Li ◽  
Victoria Lai Cheng Lei
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Speech Rate ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Facilitative Effect ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Simultaneous Interpreting ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The issue addressed in this study is the impact of source text presence on simultaneous interpreting performance in fast speeches. Fast speech rate is assumed to frustrate even professional interpreters in simultaneous interpreting (SI) without source text (ST) scenario, yet little is known about what happens when the ST is available to interpreters, an interpreting practice of increasing popularity. Previous studies present mixed results concerning the effect of fast speech rate and ST presence on SI quality, which further adds to the complexity of this issue. This study adopted the experimental approach with a qualitative assessment of SI quality, quantisation of output parameters and retrospective interview, to unravel some myths surrounding this issue. The 54 trainees were randomly divided into two groups to interpret two fast Chinese speeches into English under with and without ST conditions. The results found a significant effect of ST presence on the qualitative assessment of interpreting performance, on the interpreting delivery fluency, and on the information completeness. The facilitative effect of ST presence in fast speeches was confirmed while new issues also arise concerning trainee interpreters’ ability in eye-ear coordination.

Immersed in the source text

Babel ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-285
Author(s):  
Beatriz Naranjo Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
Emotional Engagement ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Narrative Transportation ◽  
Translation Quality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract This study aims at exploring the phenomenon of psychological transportation in translation from an experimental approach. Firstly, we investigate whether the emotions depicted in source texts may influence the level of transportation experienced by translators. Secondly, we try to determine whether different levels of transportation in the texts can make a difference in terms of translation performance. Based on previous work about narrative transportation in products of fiction, as well as the phenomenon known as the “paradox of pleasurable sadness”, we depart from the hypothesis that sad texts lead to a higher degree of psychological transportation than happy texts (H1). Taking into account previous theories and empirical results about the benefits of visualization and emotional engagement in translation, we also predict that highly-transported participants will render higher-quality (H2) and more creative translations (H3) than low-transported participants. For this purpose, a pilot study was conducted consisting of two literary translation tasks with opposing-valence texts (happy vs. sad). Lack of statistically significant differences for our hypothesis suggests that some adjustments in the methodology would be needed to achieve conclusive results; however, we believe that further research on the impact of transportation in translation quality and creativity is still worthwhile.

Strategy use in English-to-Chinese simultaneous interpreting

FORUM ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-193
Author(s):  
Chao Han ◽  
Sijia Chen
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Speech Rate ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Simultaneous Interpreting ◽  
Complex Source ◽  
Sequential Combination ◽  
Interpreter Training

Abstract The study reported here attempts to describe and explore possible patterns of strategy use in English-to-Chinese simultaneous interpreting (SI) of fast-delivery and accented speeches, drawing upon a subset of empirical data generated from a larger experimental study (see Han & Riazi 2016). A paralleled text analysis of source speeches and transcripts of interpretations indicates that the interpreters developed a deep repertoire of interpreting strategies, but utilized strategies of syntactic transformation and of substitution most frequently across different speeches. They also employed strategy clusters, a sequential combination of strategies, to cope with complex source-text segments. In addition, the speech rate affected the use of the two prominent strategies (i.e., syntactic transformation and substitution) considerably, whereas the accent did not. These results are explained and their implications for interpreter training are also discussed.

The impact of simultaneous-interpreting prosody on comprehension

Interpreting ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Cédric Lenglet ◽  
Christine Michaux
Keyword(s):  
Speech Rate ◽  
Read Aloud ◽  
Contextual Knowledge ◽  
Prosodic Features ◽  
Significant Extent ◽  
Simultaneous Interpreting ◽  
Professional Norms ◽  
Medium Length ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Does the particular prosody of simultaneous interpreting have an impact on comprehensibility? This paper presents an experiment that sought to answer this question. Two groups of listeners (47 with relevant contextual knowledge about the subject-matter of the speech and 40 with less contextual knowledge) listened to the interpretation into French of a 20-minute lecture in German under two conditions (the actual interpretation and a read-aloud rendition of the transcript of the interpretation by the same interpreter) and answered comprehension questions. The prosodic features of the two conditions were analysed, and differences regarding the temporal organisation of speech, disfluencies, pitch register and the interface between prosody and syntax emerged. Simultaneous interpreting was found to be more monotonous, to contain a larger number of short and long silent pauses, more hesitations (“euh”) and more non-syntactic pauses as well as to have a more irregular speech rate. The read-aloud version was livelier, with more medium-length silent pauses and almost no hesitation. Results of the comprehension questionnaire do not demonstrate that interpreting-specific prosodic features affect comprehensibility to a significant extent. This is consistent with professional norms of interpreting in specialised conferences, where verbal aspects have priority over non-verbal ones.

scholarly journals The impact of visible lip movements on silent pauses in simultaneous interpreting

Interpreting ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Catherine Gieshoff
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
Visual Input ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Noise Masking ◽  
Simultaneous Interpreting ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Simultaneous interpreting requires interpreters to listen to a source text while producing the target text in a second language. In addition, the interpreter needs to process various types of visual input, which may further increase the already high cognitive load. A study with 14 students of interpreting was conducted to investigate the impact of a speaker’s visible lip movements on cognitive load in simultaneous interpreting by analysing the duration of silent pauses in the target texts. Background noise masking the source speech was introduced as a control condition for cognitive load. Silent pause durations were shorter when interpreters saw the speaker’s lip movements, which indicates that interpreters benefitted from visual input. Furthermore, silent pause durations were longer with noise, which suggests that comparative silent pause durations can indicate changes in cognitive load.

Designing Risk Qualitative Assessment on Fiber Optic Instalation Project in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Devi Pratami
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Project Implementation ◽  
Cost Impact ◽  
Implementation Assessment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impact Cost

A project always has risks that can lead to project failure. In the project, a risk analysis is required to provide an evaluation for the project to proceed as planned. In the event of inadequate planning and ineffective control, it will result in irregularities identified as a risk to the project. This study aims to analyze the qualitative risk on Fiber Optic Installaion project in Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia. In addition, risk assessment is undertaken on project implementation. Assessment of risk using the impact and probability to measure the impact of risk occurrence. The impacts are more detailed by classified by time impact, cost impact, quality impact, safety and security impact, proximity. The result is there are 36 risk that may occur and mostly risks are associaated by quality and safety&security impact.

A Qualitative Assessment of "The Men's Program:" The Impact of a Rape Prevention Program on Fraternity Men

NASPA Journal ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Foubert ◽  
Sharon A. La Voy
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Rape Prevention ◽  
Male Rape ◽  
Rape Survivors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fraternity Men

This qualitative study examined the impact of an all-male rape prevention program on fraternity men. Seven months after participating in “The Men’s Program,” fraternity men were asked whether during the previous year the program impacted their attitude or behavior and if so what about the program led to that change. Results point to the importance of establishing empathy with rape survivors to increase men’s awareness and sensitivity to rape.

Artificial intelligence-guided image acquisition on patients with implanted electrophysiological devices: results from a pivotal prospective multi-center clinical trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Surette ◽  
A Narang ◽  
R Bae ◽  
H Hong ◽  
Y Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Software Performance ◽  
Private Company ◽  
Diagnostic Quality ◽  
Icd Leads ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background A novel, recently FDA-authorized software uses deep learning (DL) to provide prescriptive transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) guidance, allowing novices to acquire standard TTE views. The DL model was trained by >5,000,000 observations of the impact of probe motion on image orientation/quality. This study evaluated whether novice-acquired TTE images guided by this software were of diagnostic quality in patients with and without implanted electrophysiological (EP) devices, focusing on RV size and function, which were thought to be sensitive to EP devices. Some aspects of the study have previously been presented. Methods 240 patients (61±16 years old, 58% male, 33% BMI >30 kg/m2, 91% with cardiac pathology) were recruited. 8 nurses without echo experience each acquired 10 view TTEs in 30 patients guided by the software. 235 of the patients were also scanned by a trained sonographer without assistance from the software. 5 Level 3 echocardiographers independently assessed the diagnostic quality of the TTEs acquired by the nurses and sonographers to evaluate the effect of EP devices on DL software performance. Results Nurses using the AI-guided acquisition software acquired TTEs of sufficient quality to make qualitative assessments of right ventricular (RV) size and function in greater than 80% of cases for patients with and without implanted EP devices (Table). There was no significant difference between nurse- and sonographer-acquired scans. Conclusion These results indicate that new DL software can guide novices to obtain TTEs that enable qualitative assessment of RV size even in the presence of implanted EP devices. The results of the comparison to sonographer-acquired exams indicate the software performance is robust to presence of pacemaker/ICD leads visible in the images (Figure). Nurse-acquired TTE with visible ICD lead Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Private company. Main funding source(s): Caption Health, Inc.

scholarly journals A FEM-Based 2D Model for Simulation and Qualitative Assessment of Shot-Peening Processes

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2784
Author(s):  
Georgios Maliaris ◽  
Christos Gakias ◽  
Michail Malikoutsakis ◽  
Georgios Savaidis
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Shot Peening ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Elastoplastic Material ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
The Impact ◽  
2D Model

Shot peening is one of the most favored surface treatment processes mostly applied on large-scale engineering components to enhance their fatigue performance. Due to the stochastic nature and the mutual interactions of process parameters and the partially contradictory effects caused on the component’s surface (increase in residual stress, work-hardening, and increase in roughness), there is demand for capable and user-friendly simulation models to support the responsible engineers in developing optimal shot-peening processes. The present paper contains a user-friendly Finite Element Method-based 2D model covering all major process parameters. Its novelty and scientific breakthrough lie in its capability to consider various size distributions and elastoplastic material properties of the shots. Therewith, the model is capable to provide insight into the influence of every individual process parameter and their interactions. Despite certain restrictions arising from its 2D nature, the model can be accurately applied for qualitative or comparative studies and processes’ assessments to select the most promising one(s) for the further experimental investigations. The model is applied to a high-strength steel grade used for automotive leaf springs considering real shot size distributions. The results reveal that the increase in shot velocity and the impact angle increase the extent of the residual stresses but also the surface roughness. The usage of elastoplastic material properties for the shots has been proved crucial to obtain physically reasonable results regarding the component’s behavior.

scholarly journals A Methodology for Assessing the Impact of Living Labs on Urban Design: The Case of the Furnish Project

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4562
Author(s):  
Inés Aquilué ◽  
Angélica Caicedo ◽  
Joan Moreno ◽  
Miquel Estrada ◽  
Laia Pagès
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Phase Model ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Tactical Urbanism ◽  
Living Labs ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Loop Scheme

This paper presents a framework to support the assessment of urban design projects through Urban Living Labs (ULLs). The framework is based on the Tactical Urbanism (TU) practices and involves the use of Mobile Urban Elements (MUE) in uncertain and potentially confusing conditions (e.g., the COVID-19 context). The methodology includes the application of the Four-Phase Model (problem and ideation; development; implementation, testing and assessment; final proposal) and a quantitative and qualitative assessment. The proposed assessment criteria were developed through an evaluation according to three aspects: (1) feasibility impact; (2) social impact; and (3) spatial impact. The methodology was applied to Furnish, an urban design project based on a ULL and prototyping, which was recently developed in five European cities. The empirical results, obtained using the impact analysis, indicate that the prototypes developed in the project are transferable to other cities and generate social interaction in public spaces. The applied research showed that the Four-Phase Model may be used as a new and improved iterative design process: the LOOP Scheme. The application of this assessment methodology to ULLs may provide valuable information for the future planning of urban interventions in public spaces.

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