Publicité, traduction et reproduction de la culture

Babel ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geneviève Quillard
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
French Canadian ◽  
French Canadians ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Fashion Magazines ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Relationship

Résumé Longtemps négligée, la culture fait désormais partie intégrante des travaux en traductolo-gie, si l'on en juge par les ouvrages et par les articles publiés ces dernières années. Or, s'il est un domaine où elle joue un rôle fondamental, c'est celui de la publicité. En effet, ce qui motive les consommateurs dépend dans une large mesure des normes, des valeurs, d'un ensemble d'habitudes, d'attitudes et d'expériences qu'ils partagent avec les membres de leur communauté. Cette étude ce propose de mettre à jour certaines pratiques culturelles des anglophones nord-américains, des Canadiens français et des Français, telles quelles sont véhiculées par les publicités. Elle est basée sur un corpus de plus de cinq cents annonces publicitaires publiées au cours des dix dernières années dans des revues de mode et d'actualité nord-américaines, de leurs traductions pour le public canadien français, et de plus de cinq cents annonces publicitaires, publiées dans des revues de mode et d'actualité françaises, qui présentent soit le même produit ou service, soit un produit ou un service équivalent. Elle étudiera les différences que présentent ces annonces et leurs traductions sur les questions suivantes: rapports établis entre le destinateur et le destinataire, présentation du produit, sensualité/sexualité, émulation/compétitivité, pratiques alimentaires. Abstract Long neglected, culture is now seen as an integral part of research in translation studies, if one is to judge by the number of books and articles published in recent years. Further, if there is one area in which it plays a fundamental role, it is in the field of advertising. In fact, that which motivates consumers depends to a large extent on the standards, value and sets of habits, attitudes and experiences that they share with members of their community. The aim of this study is to bring to light some cultural practices of North American anglophones, French Canadians and the French as they are conveyed through advertising. This research is based upon a body of more than 500 advertisements published in English over the course of the past ten years in various North American news and fashion magazines, upon their translations for the French Canadian community and upon more than 500 advertisements published in various French news and fashion magazines, which present either the same product or service, or an equivalent product or service. Finally, this study will analyse the differences between these advertisements and their translated versions by concentrating on the following areas : the relationship established between the sender and the receiver of the ad, the presentation of the product, sensuality/sexuality, emulation/competitiveness, dietary practices.

scholarly journals Differences between Mental Disorders of French Canadians and British Canadians

1974 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. M. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Psychomotor Retardation ◽  
Thought Disorder ◽  
Blue Collar ◽  
French Canadian ◽  
French Canadians ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Canadian Patient

A series of studies over the past decade has shown that Canadians of British origin differ from Canadians of French origin with respect to the symptomatology, frequency, course and probably the treatability of mental disorder. French Canadian schizophrenics exhibit more concern with real or imaginary disturbances of social relationships, whereas British Canadian schizophrenics and alcoholics alike exhibit a greater disregard for such relationships and for the support that goes with them. French Canadian depressives have a greater tendency towards psychomotor retardation and somatic concerns, whereas British Canadian depressives show a greater concern with guilt feelings, obsessiveness, and greater signs of thought disorder. First hospitalizations are proportionately more frequent among British Canadians than among French Canadians in the white-collar strata, but the reverse is true in the blue-collar. The British Canadians have the higher incidence of organic disorders, but the French Canadians of the functional ones. When patients are sent to mental hospital the British Canadians tend to achieve earlier discharge than the French Canadians, but when treatment is given in an outpatient clinic there is some evidence that the French Canadians show the better recovery rate. Connections are suggested between these findings and more general differences between the two cultures and it is suggested that clinicians may be able to put such knowledge to practical use. In particular, it is suggested that attention to maintaining social ties is more important for the French Canadian patient than for the British Canadian who conversely requires more attention to be paid to his intra-psychic ties.

Church and State in Argentina

1945 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-417
Author(s):  
Peter Masten ◽  
S. J. Dunne
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
North American ◽  
Church And State ◽  
The South ◽  
North Americans ◽  
The Past ◽  
Clear Thinking ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Relationship

So many books and articles have been written during the past several years about Argentina that there would seem to be little reason, at the present time, for adding another weight to the already over-burdened press. There is a phase, however, of Argentine development both of the past and of the present which has not received a great deal of consideration, and that is the relationship between Church and State in the republic of the South. Circumstances of the past help to explain conditions of the present. North Americans are inclined to judge of ecclesiastical conditions in Latin America according to a North American background. Such judgments cannot be correct because the background has been different. Perhaps then it will be an aid to clear thinking and just appraisal to try to throw a bit of light upon Argentina's ecclesiastical past that we may better understand Argentina's ecclesiastical present.

scholarly journals Ambulancearbejde, sikkerhed og maskuline rekonfigurationer: Etnografiske fortællinger om kulturelle praksisser under forandring

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-90
Author(s):  
Morten Kyed
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Work Safety ◽  
Safety Practices ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Safety Practice ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Attribute ◽  
The Relationship

Trods den vedvarende kønnede ulighed i forekomsten af arbejdsulykker og utallige studiers beskrivelser af sammenhæng mellem maskulinitet og risikoadfærd, har kun ganske få studier undersøgt sammenhængen mellem mænds køns- og sikkerhedspraksis på arbejde. Baseret på 575 timers etnografisk feltarbejde og 20 interviews med mandlige ambulancereddere belyser denne artikel nogle centrale sammenhænge mellem mandlige ambulanceredderes maskulinitets- og sikkerhedspraksis. Artiklen viser, hvordan mandlige ambulancereddere bl.a. praktiserer sikkerhed ved at positionere sig i opposition til en kollektiv fortælling om fortidens ”John Wayne- og Tarzan Syndrom”. Undertiden udtrykkes denne symbolske skillelinje mellem traditionel og moderne maskulinitetspraksis eksplicit, men oftest forekommer den implicit i de mandlige ambulanceredderes kulturelle praksis. Denne kulturelle sikkerheds/ maskulinitets-rekonfiguration indebærer bl.a., at de mandlige ambulancereddere eksplicit tager afstand fra den maskuline helterolle, som medierne tilskriver dem. En anden måde, opgøret med den tidligere maskulinitetspraksis træder frem i det empiriske materiale, er gennem reddernes udbredte fremhævelse af det, jeg kalder et ”forløsningsfællesskab” i forbindelse med kollegial bearbejdning af barske ambulanceopgaver. ENGELSK ABSTRACT: Morten Kyed: Emergency Medical Ambulance Work, Safety and Masculine Reconfigurations: Ethnographic Tales about Cultural Practices Undergoing Change Despite the continuing gendered inequality in the incidence of work-related accidents, and countless descriptions of the relationship between masculinity and risk behavior, few studies have examined the relation between male gender and safety practices at work. Based on 575 hours of ethnographic fieldwork and 20 interviews with male EMTs, this article explores some key associations between masculinity and safety practices among male EMTs in Denmark. The article shows how male EMTs practice safety by positioning themselves in opposition to a collective narrative of the past: The ”John Wayne and Tarzan Syndrome”. Sometimes this is expressed explicitly in symbolic boundaries between traditional and modern masculinity practice, but mostly it is expressed implicitly in the male EMTs’ cultural practices. This cultural safety/masculinity reconfiguration involves, inter alia, that the male EMTs explicitly reject the masculine heroic role the media attribute to them. Another way of breaking with former masculinity practices that emerges in the empirical material is the widespread emphasis on what I call a ”community of relief” in the context of collegial processing of harsh ambulance experiences. Keywords: masculinity, safety, practice, ambulance work.

Re-evaluating the reconstruction of Proto-Eskimo-Aleut

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Berge
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Cultural Contact ◽  
The Past ◽  
Genealogical Relationship ◽  
New Findings ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The relationship between Unangam Tunuu (Aleut) and Eskimo was established in the early 19th century, and the 20th century especially saw a number of efforts on the reconstruction of Proto-Eskimo-Aleut (PEA). Reconstruction has supported assumptions of a largely genealogical relationship between the EA languages, assumptions which include a long history of independent development in isolation from other languages and language families. The reconstruction of PEA, however, is incomplete; many apparent cognates have irregular or imperfectly understood sound correspondences. Furthermore, advances in archaeology and genetics have called into question many assumptions about EA prehistory and about the isolation or lack thereof of Unangam Tunuu. In this study, I re-examine the proposed cognates and evaluate them based on the strength of their correspondences and their distribution within the lexicon, with reference to new findings regarding technological innovations and periods of cultural contact. Several patterns emerge, including a large group of proposed cognates with overly-specific semantic correlations relating to technologies or cultural practices post-dating the split of EA languages, a gender-based difference in the number of cognates relating to cultural activities, and a correlation between known borrowings and high levels of cognates in certain semantic domains. Results suggest extensive language contact, especially in the past millennium.

Documenting linguistic and cultural heritage

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-156
Author(s):  
Pattama Patpong
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Death Rituals ◽  
Death Ritual ◽  
The Past ◽  
Social Actions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Thai Culture ◽  
Made In

Abstract This paper aims to illustrate the relationship between documentary linguistics and ethnographic discourse analysis and to explore how language and cultural practices are connected in order to understand the linguistic practices and Black Tai death ritual as a key site of engagement. The Black Tai death ritual is selected in order to present the determined efforts made in maintaining Black Tai ethnic identity through cultural practices. Nexus analysis is introduced and deployed in this research to present the significance of Black Tai’s key communicative activity and social actions involved. In the analysis, the Black Tai death ritual is investigated. The study shows that documentary linguistics makes a noteworthy contribution to understanding the Black Tai’s linguistic and cultural heritage. It reveals that although death rituals are practiced in much the same way as they were in the past, there have inevitably been some significant changes depending on the locations, with specific adaptations and adopted elements based on the surrounding cultures (i.e., Thai culture and religious beliefs) and socio-economic conditions. Black Tai communities are at a settled stage of their death ritual practices by integrating certain aspects of Buddhism into their rituals. In order to construct a modern Black Tai identity among generations, younger generation engagement is challenging but it is essential for the inter-transmission of death rituals. With this dynamic cultural practice, the Black Tai are a good example of an adaptive and diverse ethnic group.

scholarly journals “If You Can Read, You Can Write, or Can You, Really?”

2020 ◽  
pp. 367-388
Author(s):  
Jim Collins
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Literary Culture ◽  
Media Ecology ◽  
University Education ◽  
Professional Writing ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
The Past ◽  
Contemporary Novels ◽  
Literary Cultures ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe popular literary culture that emerged in the late 1990 s depended on a number of interdependent factors that formed a unique media ecology—book clubs (actual, online, televisual) literary bestsellers, Amazon.com, high-concept adaptation films, “superstore” bookstore chains, etc. The reading cultures generated by that media ecology were unified by certain overarching values, none more significant than the empowerment of amateur readers who were driven by the conviction that passionate reading was equal, if not superior to the bloodless close reading of professionalized readers. While the latter required a long apprenticeship, the former was guided by a self-imaging process that was fueled by a reading advice industry that provided confidence-building measures to validate that reading. The empowerment of readers depended on knowing where to look for both expertise and validation. Or, to put it another way, quality reading depended less on native intelligence, or a university education, and more on the ability to search and filter. Many of the factors that led to a fundamental recalibration of the relationship between amateur and professionalized reading have also changed the relationship between amateur and professional writing. I want to focus on the deeply conflicted perspectives concerning how the craft of writing is taught, or even can be taught, that have emerged over the past year in North American Literary cultures, in three contemporary novels, Tommy Orange’s There There (2018), Sigrid Nunez’s The Friend (2018) and Ocean Vuong’s On Earth We are Briefly Gorgeous (2019).

The Ongoing Psychological Colonization of North American Indigenous People: Using Social Psychological Theories to Promote Social Justice

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Fryberg ◽  
Rebecca Covarrubias ◽  
Jacob A. Burack
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
North American ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
The Past ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
The Media ◽  
Psychological Risks

Colonizing events of the past and present continue to disrupt and change the cultural practices, histories, families, and languages of North American Indigenous peoples. As a result, Indigenous people experience a cultural disconnect between the past and the future, what we refer to as a disruption of traditional cultural cycles, in ways that foster psychological risks. In this chapter, we first discuss how the ongoing colonization of Indigenous people in contemporary society, with specific examples from the media and education, undermines psychological well-being. Second, we offer a theory of culture change as a “promotion” approach to target and mend the cultural disruptions brought on by colonizing practices and thereby to improve well-being. Finally, we offer research-based action items for social psychologists and for society more generally to alleviate the ongoing colonization of Indigenous people.

Association between Performance Score on Aptitude Tests and Speed of Execution

1997 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 351-362
Author(s):  
Catherine Lavergne ◽  
Michel Pépin ◽  
Michel Loranger
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Intellectual Ability ◽  
French Canadian ◽  
Performance Score ◽  
Mental Work ◽  
Aptitude Tests ◽  
The Past ◽  
Execution Speed ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the speed of execution and the ability of a subject when performing mental tasks is a longtime concern of psychometric researchers. However, this relationship is not well documented because execution speed has been measured inaccurately in the past. The relationship between speed of execution and intellectual ability is evaluated here while using subtests from a French Canadian computerized battery of aptitude tests, the Tests d'aptitudes informatisés pour enfants, which adequately provide control of the response time for each presented item. The speed of execution indices we examined here are calculated from the easiest items of six subtests. Those indices are compared with the scores on these subtests as well as with other indices of intellectual ability. The sample comprises 148 children whose average age was 10 years. Analysis suggests that high speed and high scores are related for some types of mental work.

Translation and cultural mediation: The case of advertising in Canada

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geneviève Quillard
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
North American ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
French Canadian ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Cultural Mediation ◽  
The North

This study is based on a computerized corpus of advertisements published in the last twenty five years in North American magazines, and the translations of these advertisements for the French Canadian readership. Drawing primarily on work published in the area of cultural studies and on such concepts as low/high context cultures, high/low power distance cultures, universalism/particularism, individualism/collectivism, monochronic/ synchronic cultures, etc., this paper analyses some differences between the North American advertisements and their translated versions in the following areas : dietary practices, relationship between addresser and addressees, and social interactions.

scholarly journals THE SOCIO-CULTURAL LIFE OF BATIK IN INDONESIA AND THE LIMIT OF CULTURAL HERITAGE

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inditian Latifa ◽  
Dana Hasibuan
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
East Indies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Critical Junctures ◽  
Current State ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Global Discourse ◽  
The Relationship

This study sets out to interrogate the historical transformation of culture utilizing batik in Indonesia as an illustration of the relationship between cultural practices, power relations and the logic of neoliberalism. By identifying the critical junctures in Indonesia that effect the formation of meanings attached to batik in the larger reconfiguration of capitalism during the Dutch colonial era and in the present circumstances of late capitalism, this study argues that the hybridity of batik production in the Dutch East Indies, as signified by the emergence of batik Belanda, exemplifies a period when the notion of batik as a mutually empowering form of trans-cultural practices was possible. Analyzing the disposition of batik today, this study further argues that, unlike in the past, trans-cultural practices during the current state-sanctioned deployment of batik as Indonesia’s national cultural heritage becomes only possible through practices of trade and consumption. This cultural formation offers a critique ideology toward the current national and global discourse of batik that reifies unbounded cultural practices as “cultural heritage.”

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