Recent developments in the study of cognitive processing of emotionally arousing words

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-149
Author(s):  
Mauricio Iza ◽  
Jesús Ezquerro
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Mirror Neurons ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Common ◽  
Computational Models Of Emotion

Research on the interaction between emotion, cognition and language in the field of Artificial Intelligence has become particularly active along the last years. Lots of computational models of emotion have been developed. There are accounts stressing the role of canonical and mirror neurons as underlying the use of nouns and verbs. At the same time, neuropsychology is developing new approaches for modeling language, emotion and cognition inspired on the insights gained from robotics. The current landscape is thus a promising collaboration between several approaches: Social Psychology, Neuropsychology, Artificial Intelligence (mainly embodied), and even Philosophy, so that each field provides useful cues for the common goal of understanding social interactions (including the interactions with machines).The aim of this paper is to analyze and asses the current trends in psychology and neuroscience for studying the mechanisms of the neurocomputational cognitive-affective architecture related to the conceptualization and use of language.

The Role of Theories of Embodied Cognition in Research and Modeling of Emotions

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 124-138
Author(s):  
Alexandra V. Shiller
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Embodied Cognition ◽  
Mirror Neurons ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Unknown Quantity ◽  
Emotional Processes ◽  
Strong Artificial Intelligence ◽  
European Philosophy ◽  
Postmodern Philosophy

The article analyzes the role of theories of embodied cognition for the development of emotion research. The role and position of emotions changed as philosophy developed. In classical and modern European philosophy, the idea of the “primacy of reason” prevailed over emotions and physicality, emotions and affective life were described as low-ranking phenomena regarding cognitive processes or were completely eliminated as an unknown quantity. In postmodern philosophy, attention focuses on physicality and sensuality, which are rated higher than rational principle, mind and intelligence. Within the framework of this approach, there is a recently emerged theory of embodied cognition, which allows to take a fresh look at the place of emotions in the architecture of mental processes – thinking, perception, memory, imagination, speech. The article describes and analyzes a number of empirical studies showing the impossibility of excluding emotional processes and the significance of their research for understanding the architecture of embodied cognition. However, the features of the architecture of embodied cognition remain unclear, and some of the discoveries of recent years (mirror neurons or neurons of simulation) rather raise new questions and require further research. The rigorously described and clear architecture of the embodied cognition can grow the theoretical basis that will allow to advance the studies of learning processes, language understanding, psychotherapy techniques, social attitudes and stereotypes, highlight the riddle of consciousness and create new theories of consciousness or even create an anthropomorphic artificial intelligence that is close to “strong artificial intelligence.”

scholarly journals Russia’s Foreign Policy Evolution in the New Balkan Landscape

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 179-199
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Entina ◽  
Alexander Pivovarenko
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Difference

The article reflects on the issue of the foreign policy strategy of modern Russia in the Balkans region. One of the most significant aspects of this problem is the difference in views between Russia and the West. Authors show how different interpretations of the events in former Yugoslavia in the 1990s and the beginning of the 2000s predetermined the sense of mutual suspicion and mistrust which spread to other regions such as the post-Soviet space. Exploring differences between the Russian and the Western (Euro-Atlantic) views on the current matters, authors draw attention to fundamental differences in terminology: while the Western narrative promotes more narrow geographical and political definitions (such as the Western Balkan Six), traditional Russian experts are more inclined to wider or integral definitions such as “the Balkans” and “Central and Southeast Europe”. Meanwhile none of these terms are applicable for analysis of the current trends such as the growing transit role of the Balkans region and its embedding in the European regional security architecture. Therefore, a new definition is needed to overcome the differences in vision and better understand significant recent developments in the region. Conceptualizing major foreign policy events in Central and Southeast Europe during the last three decades (the 1990s, 2000s and 2010s), authors demonstrate the significance of differences in tools and methods between the Soviet Union and the modern Russia. Permanent need for adaptation to changing political and security context led to inconsistence in Russian Balkan policy in the 1990s. Nevertheless, Russia was able to preserve an integral vision of the region and even to elaborate new transregional constructive projects, which in right political circumstances may promote stability and become beneficial for both Russia and the Euro-Atlantic community.

scholarly journals Out of the loop? On the radical and the routine in urban big data

Urban Studies ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 004209802110140
Author(s):  
Sarah Barns
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Out Of The Loop ◽  
Urban Futures ◽  
Urban Behaviour ◽  
The City

This commentary interrogates what it means for routine urban behaviours to now be replicating themselves computationally. The emergence of autonomous or artificial intelligence points to the powerful role of big data in the city, as increasingly powerful computational models are now capable of replicating and reproducing existing spatial patterns and activities. I discuss these emergent urban systems of learned or trained intelligence as being at once radical and routine. Just as the material and behavioural conditions that give rise to urban big data demand attention, so do the generative design principles of data-driven models of urban behaviour, as they are increasingly put to use in the production of replicable, autonomous urban futures.

Artificial Intelligence Applications for Industry 4.0: A Literature-Based Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Mohd Javaid ◽  
Abid Haleem ◽  
Ravi Pratap Singh ◽  
Rajiv Suman
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Automation Systems ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Iot Devices

Artificial intelligence (AI) contributes to the recent developments in Industry 4.0. Industries are focusing on improving product consistency, productivity and reducing operating costs, and they want to achieve this with the collaborative partnership between robotics and people. In smart industries, hyperconnected manufacturing processes depend on different machines that interact using AI automation systems by capturing and interpreting all data types. Smart platforms of automation can play a decisive role in transforming modern production. AI provides appropriate information to take decision-making and alert people of possible malfunctions. Industries will use AI to process data transmitted from the Internet of things (IoT) devices and connected machines based on their desire to integrate them into their equipment. It provides companies with the ability to track their entire end-to-end activities and processes fully. This literature review-based paper aims to brief the vital role of AI in successfully implementing Industry 4.0. Accordingly, the research objectives are crafted to facilitate researchers, practitioners, students and industry professionals in this paper. First, it discusses the significant technological features and traits of AI, critical for Industry 4.0. Second, this paper identifies the significant advancements and various challenges enabling the implementation of AI for Industry 4.0. Finally, the paper identifies and discusses significant applications of AI for Industry 4.0. With an extensive review-based exploration, we see that the advantages of AI are widespread and the need for stakeholders in understanding the kind of automation platform they require in the new manufacturing order. Furthermore, this technology seeks correlations to avoid errors and eventually to anticipate them. Thus, AI technology is gradually accomplishing various goals of Industry 4.0.

scholarly journals Towards Artificial Argumentation

AI Magazine ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Atkinson ◽  
Pietro Baroni ◽  
Massimiliano Giacomin ◽  
Anthony Hunter ◽  
Henry Prakken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Complex Task ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Research ◽  
Inconsistent Information ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Way

The field of computational models of argument is emerging as an important aspect of artificial intelligence research. The reason for this is based on the recognition that if we are to develop robust intelligent systems, then it is imperative that they can handle incomplete and inconsistent information in a way that somehow emulates the way humans tackle such a complex task. And one of the key ways that humans do this is to use argumentation either internally, by evaluating arguments and counterarguments‚ or externally, by for instance entering into a discussion or debate where arguments are exchanged. As we report in this review, recent developments in the field are leading to technology for artificial argumentation, in the legal, medical, and e-government domains, and interesting tools for argument mining, for debating technologies, and for argumentation solvers are emerging.

scholarly journals Recent Developments in Alexithymia Theory and Research

2000 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme J Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Emotional Awareness ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Somatic Illness ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Somatic Disorders ◽  
Illness And Disease ◽  
Empirical Investigations

Objective: To review recent developments in alexithymia theory and research that are relevant to the field of psychosomatic medicine. Method: Articles were selected from the alexithymia literature published over the past decade that describe advances in the theoretical understanding of alexithymia or report empirical investigations of the relationships of the construct with emotion regulation and with somatic illness and disease. Empirical investigations of the neural correlates of alexithymia were reviewed also, as were studies that explore therapeutic attempts to modify alexithymic characteristics. Results: The salient features of the alexithymia construct are now thought to reflect deficits in the cognitive processing and regulation of emotions. This is supported by studies showing that alexithymia is associated with maladaptive styles of emotion regulation, low emotional intelligence, a bidirectional interhemispheric transfer deficit, and reduced rapid eye movement (REM) density (number of eye movements divided by number of REM periods). Although empirical evidence demonstrates that alexithymia is associated with several somatic disorders, more prospective studies are required to establish the direction of causality. Preliminary data suggest that psychotherapies involving specific techniques to enhance emotional awareness and integrate symbolic and subsymbolic elements of emotion schemas may be effective in reducing alexithymic characteristics. Conclusion: Alexithymia is proving to be a heuristically useful construct for exploring the role of personality and emotions in the pathogenesis of certain somatic illnesses and diseases.

scholarly journals Current trends in oxysterol research

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 652-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Griffiths ◽  
Jonas Abdel-Khalik ◽  
Thomas Hearn ◽  
Eylan Yutuc ◽  
Alwena H. Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Th17 Cell ◽  
Neuronal Development ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Current Interest ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Recent Developments

In this short review we provide a synopsis of recent developments in oxysterol research highlighting topics of current interest to the community. These include the involvement of oxysterols in neuronal development and survival, their participation in the immune system, particularly with respect to bacterial and viral infection and to Th17-cell development, and the role of oxysterols in breast cancer. We also discuss the value of oxysterol analysis in the diagnosis of disease.

Automation, Artificial Intelligence, and the God/Useless Divide

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 700-716
Author(s):  
Alec Stubbs
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Economic Democracy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Free Flow Of Information ◽  
Flow Of Information ◽  
Role Of Information

Abstract Automation, artificial intelligence, and biotechnology have become topics of increasing interest in both academia as well as in popular media. The goal of this article is to establish which issues are the most pressing, and what are the underlying causes of the rise of robots. I demonstrate that fears of automation are well supported by current trends of automation as well as the inherent tendency within a capitalist system to automate at the expense of workers and working wages. Additionally, I point to what appears to be a potential evolutionary divide between what Yuval Noah Harari calls the “god” class and the “useless” class. Finally, I discuss how the new role of information as the world’s most valued commodity can either exacerbate this coming divide or liberate society. I present the case that in order to diminish the negative effects we must move beyond the present capitalist economic system, towards one in which economic democracy and the free flow of information thrives.

scholarly journals Data-Driven Analytics Leveraging Artificial Intelligence in the Era of COVID-19: An Insightful Review of Recent Developments

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Abdul Majeed ◽  
Seong Oun Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

This paper presents the role of artificial intelligence (AI) and other latest technologies that were employed to fight the recent pandemic (i.e., novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)). These technologies assisted the early detection/diagnosis, trends analysis, intervention planning, healthcare burden forecasting, comorbidity analysis, and mitigation and control, to name a few. The key-enablers of these technologies was data that was obtained from heterogeneous sources (i.e., social networks (SN), internet of (medical) things (IoT/IoMT), cellular networks, transport usage, epidemiological investigations, and other digital/sensing platforms). To this end, we provide an insightful overview of the role of data-driven analytics leveraging AI in the era of COVID-19. Specifically, we discuss major services that AI can provide in the context of COVID-19 pandemic based on six grounds, (i) AI role in seven different epidemic containment strategies (a.k.a non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs)), (ii) AI role in data life cycle phases employed to control pandemic via digital solutions, (iii) AI role in performing analytics on heterogeneous types of data stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic, (iv) AI role in the healthcare sector in the context of COVID-19 pandemic, (v) general-purpose applications of AI in COVID-19 era, and (vi) AI role in drug design and repurposing (e.g., iteratively aligning protein spikes and applying three/four-fold symmetry to yield a low-resolution candidate template) against COVID-19. Further, we discuss the challenges involved in applying AI to the available data and privacy issues that can arise from personal data transitioning into cyberspace. We also provide a concise overview of other latest technologies that were increasingly applied to limit the spread of the ongoing pandemic. Finally, we discuss the avenues of future research in the respective area. This insightful review aims to highlight existing AI-based technological developments and future research dynamics in this area.

scholarly journals Associative and sensorimotor learning for parenting involves mirror neurons under the influence of oxytocin

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Shaun Ho ◽  
Adam MacDonald ◽  
James E. Swain
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Associative Learning ◽  
Mirror Neurons ◽  
Mirror Neuron ◽  
Learning Theories ◽  
Sensorimotor Learning ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Neuron Function ◽  
Abnormal Motor

AbstractMirror neuron–based associative learning may be understood according to associative learning theories, in addition to sensorimotor learning theories. This is important for a comprehensive understanding of the role of mirror neurons and related hormone modulators, such as oxytocin, in complex social interactions such as among parent–infant dyads and in examples of mirror neuron function that involve abnormal motor systems such as depression.

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