The microcosm of a morphological change

Diachronica ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panayiotis A. Pappas
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Morphological Change ◽  
Wird Eine ◽  
Parallel Development ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
Sind Eine ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Strong Competition

Summary In Modern Greek the particle tha is used both as a marker of futurity (tha + present indicative) and a marker of conditionality (tha + imperfective past). The history of the former use (starting with thelō + infinitive) has been well researched, but the history of tha as a counterfactual marker (starting with ēthela + infinitive) has been unexamined, with some researchers assuming that the two developments are parallel. This assumption is challenged here. A close examination of Early Modern Greek vernacular texts reveals that there was strong competition among several constructions for both the future and the counterfactual. The results of both a qualitative and a quantitative analysis of the variation show that the differences between the future and counterfactual constructions are significant enough to refute the assumption of parallel development. Instead, the data indicate that the constructions began as formally similar, then underwent a period of divergence, only to converge again via the use of tha in Modern Greek. Résumé Dans le grec moderne la particule tha est utilisée pour marquer le futur (tha + indicatif) et pour marquer le mode conditionnel (tha + imparfait). L’histoire du premier usage (commençant par thelō + infinitif) a été bien recherchée, mais l’histoire du tha conditionnel (commençant par ēthela + infinitif) a été relativement inexplorée. Néanmoins, quelques analystes ont supposé que les deux développements sont parallèles. Cette supposition est contestée ici. Un examen des textes vernaculaires en grec médiéval indique qu’il y avait forte compétition entre plusieurs constructions pour le futur et le conditionnel. Les résultats d’une analyse qualitative et quantitative de cette variation montre que les différences entre le futur et le conditionnel sont assez significatives pour réfuter l’hypothèse du développement parallèle. Au lieu de cela, les données indiquent que ces constructions ont commencé comme constructions qui étaient semblables formellement, puis ils ont subi une période de divergence. En fin, alors, ils ont convergé encore en tha en grec moderne. Zusammenfassung Im Neugriechischen markiert die Partikel tha Futurum (tha + Indikativ) sowie Konditional (tha + Imperfekt). Obwohl ihre Geschichte als Futurumspartikel ( < thelō + Infinitiv) gut erforscht worden ist, ist die Geschichte von tha als Irrealis ( < ēthela + Infinitiv) bisher unerforscht geblieben. Einige Forscher nehmen an, dass die evolutionären Wege beider Konstruktionen parallel gelaufen sind, eine Annahme, die im vorliegenden Aufsatz kritisch überprüft wird. Eine Untersuchung frühneugriechischer Texte lässt nämlich starke Konkurrenz zwischen verschiedenen Konstruktionen für Futurum und Irrealis sichtbar werden. Ergebnisse qualitativer und quantitativer Analysen dieser Variation machen deutlich, dass die Unterschiede zwischen Futurum und Irrealis bedeutend genug sind, so dass die Annahme paralleler Entwicklungen abgelehnt werden muss. Stattdessen zeigen die Daten, dass die Konstruktionen am Ausgangspunkt ihrer Entfaltung zwar formal ähnlich waren, aber sich dann später auseinander entwickelt haben, bis beide Formen endlich wieder in neugriechisch tha zusammengefallen sind.

Media and Mediation in the Eighteenth Century

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula McDowell
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Communications Media ◽  
The Future ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
Communication Practices

This article begins by discussing seventeenth- and eighteenth-century notions of media, mediation, and communication. How did early modern notions of the “medium” and of “mediation” overlap with and differ from common understandings of these terms today? The second section provides an overview of media and mediation in the eighteenth century, heeding recent calls for a new history of mediation that includes not only what we now identify as communications media (e.g., print, voice, and script) but also new genres, protocols, opportunities, and infrastructures for communication. The penultimate section addresses eighteenth-century histories of mediation. Enlightenment authors increasingly conceptualized their era as an age in history defined by a particular set of communication practices and tools. The concluding section addresses the challenges and opportunities of the “media turn” in literary and cultural studies and the future of the history of media and mediation.

The History of Clerical Taxation in England and Wales, 1173–1663: The Findings of the E 179 Project

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAUREEN JURKOWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Online Database ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
National Archives ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Area Of Study

This article marks the completion of an online database catalogue of the records of taxation of the medieval and early modern clergy of England and Wales in the ‘E 179’ clerical series at The National Archives. It has two parts: an overview of the history of clerical taxation based upon the database's register of tax grants and an analytical guide to the contents of the series, with references to all key documents. The intention is to stimulate research in this important area of study by providing a blueprint for the future exploitation of this rich seam of neglected records.

Karl Krumbacher and the history of Byzantine literature

2015 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-52
Author(s):  
Panagiotis A. Agapitos
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Latin Literature ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

AbstractThe paper (structured in five parts) examines how Karl Krumbacher (1856-1909) formulated his major concepts about Byzantine literature and its history. After a brief look at Krumbacher’s formation as scholar, the main part of the paper examines the “history” of the writing of the Geschichte der byzantinischen Litteratur in its two editions, as well as the now forgotten Die griechische Litteratur des Mittelalters (1905), a chapter written for a popularizing volume on Greek and Latin literature. The main aim of the paper is to show which exactly were Krumbacher’s concepts on periodization, literature, language and culture in Byzantine times, and how these concepts influenced the way in which Byzantine and Early Modern Greek was viewed and studied until very recently.

Philip’s Empire

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Drelichman ◽  
Hans-Joachim Voth
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
The State ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Peace Dividend ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

This chapter provides a brief history of Castilian ascendancy from the late Middle Ages through the end of Philip II's reign. After the marriage of Prince Ferdinand of Aragon and Princess Isabella of Castile, a series of agreements—both tacit and explicit—recognized Castile's exclusive sovereignty over all territories conquered in the future. Ferdinand and Isabella shed many of the medieval structures of administration, modernizing the apparatus of the state and preparing it for the coming expansion. At the dawn of the early modern age, Ferdinand and Isabella had succeeded in giving their kingdoms a relatively strong monarchy and streamlined state institutions. Castile, where reforms were particularly deep and the peace dividend sizable, flourished economically.

scholarly journals Annotating the Affections

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-216
Author(s):  
Kirk Essary
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
New Testament ◽  
History Of Emotions ◽  
Emotion Words ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
Historical Semantics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Shed Light

A key problem in the history of emotions arises from the shifting meaning of emotion terms throughout history and from the difficulty in translating emotion terms from one language to another. Erasmus’ New Testament and Annotations offer scholars interested in the ‘historical semantics of emotion’ invaluable insights into sixteenth-century emotions discourse and the translation of emotion terms from Greek into Latin. This paper examines some of the more problematic cases in order to shed light on how Erasmus handles the difficulties that are attendant to translating emotion words, and also considers the influence of Erasmus’ NT and Annotations in early modern Greek-to-Latin lexicons, a feature of his reception that has not been acknowledged to date.

A Dynamic Systems Approach to Personality

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence A. Pervin
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Systems ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Dynamic View ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

David Magnusson has been the most articulate spokesperson for a holistic, systems approach to personality. This paper considers three concepts relevant to a dynamic systems approach to personality: dynamics, systems, and levels. Some of the history of a dynamic view is traced, leading to an emphasis on the need for stressing the interplay among goals. Concepts such as multidetermination, equipotentiality, and equifinality are shown to be important aspects of a systems approach. Finally, attention is drawn to the question of levels of description, analysis, and explanation in a theory of personality. The importance of the issue is emphasized in relation to recent advances in our understanding of biological processes. Integrating such advances into a theory of personality while avoiding the danger of reductionism is a challenge for the future.

A Reflection on Crucial Periods in 50 Years of Social Psychology (in Germany)

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Katja Corcoran ◽  
Michael Häfner ◽  
Mathias Kauff ◽  
Stefan Stürmer
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Early Development ◽  
West Germany ◽  
East And West Germany ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
East And West

Abstract. In this article, we reflect on 50 years of the journal Social Psychology. We interviewed colleagues who have witnessed the history of the journal. Based on these interviews, we identified three crucial periods in Social Psychology’s history, that are (a) the early development and further professionalization of the journal, (b) the reunification of East and West Germany, and (c) the internationalization of the journal and its transformation from the Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie to Social Psychology. We end our reflection with a discussion of changes that occurred during these periods and their implication for the future of our field.

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