The role of advance preparation in simultaneous interpreting

Interpreting ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Díaz-Galaz ◽  
Presentacion Padilla ◽  
M. Teresa Bajo
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
High Variability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Syntactic Complexity ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
Simultaneous Interpreting ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Speech Segments

Current comprehension models recognize the role of prior topic-specific knowledge in the processing of general and specialized discourse (e.g. Gernsbacher 1990; Johnson-Laird 1983; Kintsch 1988). In interpreting, there is widespread consensus that interpreters work better when they prepare in advance. However, research on how preparation affects interpreting has encountered such methodological challenges as high variability and the need for appropriately sensitive measures and tasks (Gile 2005). This article reports an experimental study to assess the effect of advance preparation on simultaneous interpreting of specialized speeches, comparing seven professional interpreters and sixteen interpreting students. All participants did two simultaneous interpretations, into Spanish (their ‘A’ language) from English, of presentations from scientific congresses: one with preparation materials provided half an hour beforehand, the other without preparation. Each source text contained both ‘neutral’ and ‘difficult’ speech segments (the three types of difficulty being terminology, syntactic complexity and lack of redundancy). Dependent variables were accuracy of interpretation and length of ear-voice span (EVS), the rationale being that longer EVS probably reflects processing difficulties. The results show that both groups worked significantly better after advance preparation, this being reflected both in accuracy and in ability to maintain a shorter EVS. Interaction between preparation and type of difficulty was also examined.

scholarly journals Approaches to Control Mechanisms and Their Implications for Companies ’ Profitability: a Study in UAE

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Essia Ries Ahmed ◽  
Tariq Tawfeeq Yousif Alabdullah ◽  
Muhammad Shabir Shaharudin
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Foreign Ownership ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Insider Ownership ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables

This study tries to evaluate and test the role of control mechanisms represented by foreign ownership and insider ownership on companies’ profitability in the listed companies in the UAE and whether independent variables are matter in determining the profitability of such companies. This study utilized companies belong to non-financial sector for the year of 2019 with a sample of 50 companies to be analyzed in the current study. To test the independent and dependent variables, regression analysis was used via using SPSS. The findings show that insider ownership has insignificant impact on companies’ profitability On the other hand, the findings revealed evidence to support the effect of foreign ownership on companies’ profitability. Moreover, there is insignificant evidence reflected the fact that companies’ size has insignificant impact on companies’ profitability. This study added further evidence in Dubai context where there is a rare and unique studies that have been done in this important context. It takes in tits account to investigate both insider and foreign ownership and their impact companies’ profitability

Coping with speed

Babel ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucía Ruiz Rosendo ◽  
María Cecilia Galván
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Delivery Rate ◽  
Medical Doctors ◽  
Simultaneous Interpreting ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Speech Accuracy ◽  
Novices And Experts ◽  
Original Speech

Abstract This article presents an experimental study that compares six expert and eleven novice interpreters in order to assess the effect of moderate and high delivery rates on the simultaneous interpreting of specialised discourse. The dependent variables were ear voice span (EVS) and target speech accuracy. The participants interpreted one medical speech from English into Spanish divided into three parts: the first and third parts were delivered at a moderate delivery rate and the second at a high delivery rate. Twelve segments were selected from the original speech and evaluated by five independent raters (two interpreters and three medical doctors) in terms of accuracy. The findings indicate that a high delivery rate has no significant impact on EVS, and no statistically significant differences were found between the EVS of the two groups of interpreters. The results also show that a high delivery rate has an impact on target speech accuracy in that both novices and experts perform better at a moderate delivery rate.

Strategy use in English-to-Chinese simultaneous interpreting

FORUM ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-193
Author(s):  
Chao Han ◽  
Sijia Chen
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Speech Rate ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Simultaneous Interpreting ◽  
Complex Source ◽  
Sequential Combination ◽  
Interpreter Training

Abstract The study reported here attempts to describe and explore possible patterns of strategy use in English-to-Chinese simultaneous interpreting (SI) of fast-delivery and accented speeches, drawing upon a subset of empirical data generated from a larger experimental study (see Han & Riazi 2016). A paralleled text analysis of source speeches and transcripts of interpretations indicates that the interpreters developed a deep repertoire of interpreting strategies, but utilized strategies of syntactic transformation and of substitution most frequently across different speeches. They also employed strategy clusters, a sequential combination of strategies, to cope with complex source-text segments. In addition, the speech rate affected the use of the two prominent strategies (i.e., syntactic transformation and substitution) considerably, whereas the accent did not. These results are explained and their implications for interpreter training are also discussed.

The effect of interpreting modes on witness credibility assessments

Interpreting ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Beatriz Hale ◽  
Natalie Martschuk ◽  
Uldis Ozolins ◽  
Ludmila Stern
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Specialized Training ◽  
Mock Jurors ◽  
Simultaneous Interpreting ◽  
Witness Credibility ◽  
Simulated Trial ◽  
Court Interpreting

Research into court interpreting has shown that interpreters can have an impact on the case in many different ways. However, the extent to which this occurs depends on several factors, including the interpreter’s competence, ethics and specialized training in court interpreting, as well as working conditions. One little explored aspect is whether use of consecutive vs. simultaneous interpreting can impact jurors’ perception of a witness or other interpreted party. This paper reports on the results of a large-scale experimental study, with a simulated trial run in different conditions, involving a total of 447 mock jurors. The aim was to identify any differences in the way jurors in Australian courts might assess the evidence of an accused called as a witness, in a monolingual hearing as well as when interpreted consecutively and simultaneously from Spanish to English. Overall, jurors’ recollection of case facts did not differ significantly for the three conditions, though it was lower for consecutive during the afternoon. Jurors also found consecutive more distracting; on the other hand, the consecutive mode was associated with significantly more favourable perception of the accused’s evidence than simultaneous interpreting or monolingual communication. Although jurors found the prosecution to be less convincing when the accused’s evidence was interpreted consecutively compared to the other proceedings, the interpretation mode made no difference to the verdict.

scholarly journals Self-focused attention and safety behaviours maintain social anxiety in adolescents: An experimental study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247703
Author(s):  
Eleanor Leigh ◽  
Kenny Chiu ◽  
David M. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Socially Anxious ◽  
Conversation Partner

Background Self-focused attention and safety behaviours are both associated with adolescent social anxiety. In adults, experimental studies have indicated that the processes are causally implicated in social anxiety, but this hypothesis has not yet been tested in a youth sample. Methods This experiment explored this possibility by asking high and low socially anxious adolescents (N = 57) to undertake conversations under different conditions. During one conversation they were instructed to focus on themselves and use safety behaviours, and in the other they focused externally and did not use safety behaviours. Self-report, conversation partner report and independent assessor ratings were taken. Results Self-focus and safety behaviours increased feelings and appearance of anxiety and undermined performance for all participants, but only high socially anxious participants reported habitually using self-focus and safety behaviours. Conclusions The findings provide support for the causal role of self-focus and safety behaviours in adolescent social anxiety and point to the potential clinical value of techniques reversing them to treat the disorder.

All are (not) equal for the crowd: Social groups moderate the effects of human density on willingness to stay and vice-virtue choices

2019 ◽  
pp. 63-82
Author(s):  
Ernesto Cardamone ◽  
Gaetano "Nino" Miceli ◽  
Maria Antonietta Raimondo
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
Consumer Reactions ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Human Density

This research aims to understand the role of social groups in the relationships between human density and willingness to stay in the store and vice vs. virtue choices. We suggest that scholars and managers must consider not only how many customers compose the crowd (i.e., human density), but also how they relate with the other customers in the crowd (i.e., social groups). Results of an experimental study demonstrate that higher human density increases willingness to stay when ingroup and aspirational group members compose the crowd. Moreover, higher human density leads to choose more vice and virtue products in presence of dissociative and aspirational groups members, respectively. Our research shows that social factors play an important role in the analysis of human density on consumer reactions.

scholarly journals Role of Translation in Geopolitical Agenda:Translator’s Turns and Manipulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 01163
Author(s):  
Tatiana Vedernikova ◽  
Natalia Shchurik ◽  
Evgenia Kunitsyna
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
The Other ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Substantial Interest

The problem of translation used for geopolitical agenda, translation as a means of mind manipulation has long been of substantial interest to translation scholars. This article focuses on conscious and unconscious types of manipulation in translation and aims to show their manifestation in political discourse. On the one hand, nominalizations, euphemisms, politically correct vocabulary and metaphors make a translator or an interpreter choose between multiple interpretations. It brings him/her to unconscious choice. On the other hand, translators sometimes deliberately omit some parts of the text or change the order of the original. It means that a translator/interpreter consciously makes this or that decision concerning what part or parts of the source text are ideologically relevant and should be brought into “due” perspective in translation and which are to be left out, and is therefore instrumental in shaping public opinion.

On the Interaction of Water Waves With a Surface-Parallel Vortex

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Warncke Lang ◽  
William D. Thacker
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Water Waves ◽  
Vortex Flow ◽  
Side Surface ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vortex Strength ◽  
Surface Deformations ◽  
Flow Surface ◽  
The Waves

An experimental study was performed to investigate the interaction of water waves with a surface-parallel oriented vortex at a free surface. Shadowgraph images were obtained visualizing surface deformations. The role of vortex strength and the direction of approach of the waves were investigated. For favorable waves, with flow velocity at crests parallel to vortex flow, surface deformations were weaker, lasted longer than for a vortex without waves, and were characterized at late times by the appearance of surface-normal vortices. For unfavorable waves incident on the vortex from the other side, surface deformations were stronger and dissipated more quickly.

Effect of Complimentary and Conflicting Commentary on Sports Enjoyment

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuhua Zhou ◽  
Jie Xu ◽  
Yinjiao Ye
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Sports Commentary ◽  
The Many

This article first explicates the concept of sports enjoyment and then reviews the literature on the many facets of sports commentary regarding its general content and effects. An experimental study was designed to test whether complimentary or conflicting commentary, as well as game knowledge, and playing experience contributed to game enjoyment, perceived liking of the commentary, and perceived action in the game. Results partially supported the hypotheses. Specifically, commentary type had a significant impact on viewers’ liking of the commentary but had no impact on game enjoyment or perceived action in the game, game knowledge increased game enjoyment but had no impact on the other two dependent variables, and playing experience had a positive impact on perceived action in the game but had no impact on the other two variables. Implications are discussed.

scholarly journals The development of gender assignment and agreement in English-Greek and German-Greek bilingual children

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kaltsa ◽  
Ianthi Maria Tsimpli ◽  
Froso Argyri
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
School Setting ◽  
Vocabulary Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Gender Agreement ◽  
Gender Assignment ◽  
Crosslinguistic Influence

Abstract The aim of this experimental study is to examine the development of Greek gender in bilingual English-Greek and German-Greek children. Four gender production tasks were designed, two targeting gender assignment eliciting determiners and two targeting gender agreement eliciting predicate adjectives for real and novel nouns. Participant performance was assessed in relation to whether the ‘other’ language was a gender language or not (English vs. German) along with the role of the bilinguals’ Greek vocabulary knowledge and language input. The results are argued to contribute significantly to disentangling the role of crosslinguistic influence in gender assignment and agreement by bringing together a variety of input measures such as early and current amount of exposure to Greek, the role of area of residence (i.e. whether Greek is the minority or the majority language), the effect of maternal education and the amount of exposure to Greek in a school setting.

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