Interacting to remember at multiple timescales

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas M. Bietti ◽  
John Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Cognitive Networks ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Multiple Timescales ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Collaborative Processes ◽  
Dinner Table ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Cooperative Processes

Everyday joint remembering, from family remembering around the dinner table to team remembering in the operating theatre, relies on the successful interweaving of multiple cognitive, bodily, social and material resources, anchored in specific cultural ecosystems. Such systems for joint remembering in social interactions are composed of processes unfolding over multiple but complementary timescales, which we distinguish for analytic purposes so as better to study their interanimation in practice: (i) faster, lower-level coordination processes of behavioral matching and interactional synchrony occurring at timescale t1; (ii) mid-range collaborative processes which re-evoke past experiences in groups, unfolding at timescale t2; (iii) cooperative processes involved in the transmission of memories over longer periods occurring at timescale t3; and (iv) cultural processes and practices operating within distributed socio-cognitive networks over evolutionary and historical timeframes, unfolding at timescale t4. In this paper we survey studies of how the processes operating across these overlapping and complementary timescales constitute joint remembering in social interactions. We describe coordination, collaboration, cooperation, and culture as complementary aspects of interacting to remember, which we consider as a complex phenomenon unfolding over multiple timescales (t1, t2, t3, t4).

PLACE AND ROLE OF ETHNIC TRADITIONS IN THE SOCIOCULTURAL SPACE

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-94
Author(s):  
Svetlana Madyukova
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Specific Function ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
Economic Space ◽  
Cultural Specificity ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
Content Specificity

The article analyzes approaches to the study of sociocultural space, with a focus on the potential of the concept of “social space” in ethnosociological research. Its most important components have been identified: social and cultural space. The specific function of social space is fixed, namely, the preservation of the structure of social institutions, within which social interactions take place. When analyzing the cultural space, it was shown that cultural specificity is most clearly manifested in ethnic cultures (ethnocultures), the semantic core of which is tradition. The author comes to the conclusion that the totality of social and cultural processes is localized within certain territorial boundaries and is a socio-cultural superstructure over the landscape and climatic space. Spatial development of territories is possible in a situation of maintaining the meaningful uniqueness of the cultural space (realized, first of all, in traditions) within the boundaries of a single social, legal and economic space. social space determines, to a certain extent, the universality of the form (through social institutions and structures), and cultural space determines the content specificity of the sociocultural space.

scholarly journals Dynamics of configuring and interpreting the disaster risk script: Experiences from Zimbabwe

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pathias P. Bongo ◽  
Paul Chipangura ◽  
Mkhokheli Sithole ◽  
Funa Moyo
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
External Influence ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Past Experiences

People in Zimbabwe have been faced with disasters in different forms and at various levels. When people experience hazard events and disasters, they perceive these phenomena through lenses that are largely shaped by their local day-to-day experiences and some external influence. As they do this, they develop their own local conception of hazards and disasters, and they tend to model their response or preparedness through this. This article argues that on the basis of this premise, each society therefore develops its own unique and localised way of interpreting the disaster, which comes in the form of a ‘script’, that needs to be deciphered, read, analysed and understood within local priorities and knowledge systems. The hazard may be the same, say, fire, but as it occurs in different communities, they configure and read the fire script differently, hence spawning different response and prevention strategies. The way people anticipate, prepare for, and respond to a particular disaster stems from their perception of it, based on their own local conceptions of reality. The article argues that effective disaster risk reduction must focus on people’s holistic understanding of the unfolding scenario, thereby feeding into disaster risk early warning systems. For effective understanding of the utility of early warning systems, the socio-cultural processes involved in the ideation of the disaster cannot be ignored. It is also critical to examine people’s past experiences with external early warning systems, and how much faith they put in them.

scholarly journals Need-based prioritization of behavior

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Joseph Burnett ◽  
Samuel C Funderburk ◽  
Jovana Navarrete ◽  
Alexander Sabol ◽  
Jing Liang-Guallpa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Feeding Behaviors ◽  
Behavioral Choice ◽  
Territorial Aggression ◽  
Male Intruder ◽  
Internal Information ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Context Cues ◽  
External Stimuli

When presented with a choice, organisms need to assimilate internal information with external stimuli and past experiences to rapidly and flexibly optimize decisions on a moment-to-moment basis. We hypothesized that increasing hunger intensity would curb expression of social behaviors such as mating or territorial aggression; we further hypothesized social interactions, reciprocally, would influence food consumption. We assessed competition between these motivations from both perspectives of mice within a resident-intruder paradigm. We found that as hunger state escalated, resident animal social interactions with either a female or male intruder decreased. Furthermore, intense hunger states, especially those evoked via AgRP photoactivation, fundamentally altered sequences of behavioral choice; effects dependent on food availibility. Additionally, female, but not male, intrusion attenuated resident mouse feeding. Lastly, we noted environmental context-dependent gating of food intake in intruding mice, suggesting a dynamic influence of context cues on the expression of feeding behaviors.

scholarly journals Camouflaging in an everyday social context: An interpersonal recall study

Autism ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 136236132199264
Author(s):  
Julia Cook ◽  
Laura Crane ◽  
Laura Bourne ◽  
Laura Hull ◽  
William Mandy
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Interpersonal Process ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Interpersonal Process Recall ◽  
Autistic People ◽  
Autistic Adults ◽  
Past Experiences

Camouflaging is a social phenomenon operating within everyday social interactions of autistic and non-autistic people. The current study explored autistic adults’ camouflaging in an everyday social context via interpersonal process recall methodology (Kegan, 1969). A total of 17 autistic adults (8 females, 6 males and 3 agender/gender-neutral individuals) participated in a 10-min controlled social task designed to replicate a common day-to-day social situation. Participants then watched a video of their interaction with a researcher, actively identifying instances of camouflaging and discussing their experiences of camouflaging. Using thematic analysis, four themes were generated: (1) a strong desire for, yet uncertainty in, securing social acceptance and connection; (2) camouflaging, developed over time, as a means to achieve social acceptance and connection; (3) experiencing intrapersonal and interpersonal camouflaging consequences during social interactions; and (4) authentic socialising as an alternative to camouflaging. These findings are discussed with reference to the existing literature on stigma management outside the field of autism. Lay abstract Many autistic people report that, despite personal costs, they use strategies to hide their autistic characteristics or appear non-autistic at work, school or university, when speaking with health professionals, or while socialising with certain friends and family members. These strategies are often referred to as camouflaging. This study explores camouflaging during everyday social interactions. A total of 17 autistic adults were filmed taking part in a common everyday social situation – a conversation with a stranger. They then watched the video of this conversation with a researcher and answered questions about camouflaging. These autistic people told us that they (1) had a strong desire to socialise with and be valued by other people but, because of negative past experiences, they often felt unsure about their ability to do so; (2) used camouflaging to help them to socialise and be valued by others; (3) experienced negative consequences when camouflaging (e.g. fatigue, anxiety and difficulties in friendships); and (4) sometimes socialised in more autistic ways instead of camouflaging. This study shows us how autistic people often change their behaviour because of the way they are treated by nonautistic people and that autistic people may benefit from programmes that help them to socialise in more authentically autistic ways, but only if their autistic social behaviour is met with understanding and acceptance from non-autistic people.

Awakening the Ubuntu episteme to embrace knowledge management in Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-119
Author(s):  
Florence Nansubuga ◽  
John C. Munene
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Perspective View ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Community Organisation ◽  
Past Experiences

Purpose The knowledge management (KM) models in the African organisations are influenced by the interplay between human agents from diverse societies whose experiences, values, contextual information and insights that are perceived controversial in Africa. The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the indigenous assumptions related to knowledge and its management in Africa and the perceived contradictions in the existing models by adopting the Ubuntu philosophy. Design/methodology/approach The authors used a perspective lens to examine the existing management practices and propose an integrated framework that is appropriate for the utilisation of the Ubuntu epistemic knowledge management practices and at the same time provide highlights on the perceived paradoxes and how they can be managed to improve knowledge management and people management in African societies. Findings The inductive posteriori knowledge approach is perceived to be dynamic, applicable and more desirable in the African societies as it allows organisational managers and their work teams to embrace knowledge construction, dependent on experiences in form of stories and metaphors that demonstrate successful work samples. The Ubuntu dramaturgical knowledge management approach adds value to the posteriori knowledge by refining the rhetoric stories and metaphors into empirical performance scripts that are tailored to the audiences’ expectations. Research limitations/implications The paper adapted a perspective view to explain knowledge management; therefore, it was not possible to provide empirical data on the metaphysical and dramaturgical elements that are assumed to influence knowledge management in Africa. However, based on theoretical analysis, the authors have proposed a coherent knowledge management framework based on the interaction between posteriori KM assumptions and Ubuntu dramaturgy. Practical implications Ubuntu ideology has been appreciated since it treasures interdependency and interconnectedness among people. Therefore, collaborating partners working in Africa would be expected to act as interdependent agents, whereby this interdependency is perceived as an integral part of the knowledge management process. The proposed Ubuntu knowledge management model is grounded on the posteriori knowledge approach which assumes that experience is the source of knowledge. Through social interactions and experiences sharing, organisational members can create new processes, innovative technologies and dynamic context based performance scripts that can drive productivity. Social implications The authors concluded that a coherent framework that is tailored to social interactions and contextual needs of the people and their communities can promote productive knowledge and knowledge management systems in the African contexts. Moreover knowledge management requires one to acknowledge the complexity of Ubuntu ideology in a sense that it recognises the past experiences and contributions of the diverse individuals in the same community/organisation. Originality/value This paper focused on examining how the Ubuntu philosophy can promote knowledge development and management strategies that are tailored to social and contextual needs of the organisations in Africa to curtail the perceived paradoxes in the existing knowledge management models.

Couples as socially distributed cognitive systems: Remembering in everyday social and material contexts

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia B Harris ◽  
Amanda J Barnier ◽  
John Sutton ◽  
Paul G Keil
Keyword(s):  
Research Program ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Distributed Cognition ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Cognitive Systems ◽  
Psychology Research ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Past Experiences

In everyday life remembering occurs within social contexts, and theories from a number of disciplines predict cognitive and social benefits of shared remembering. Recent debates have revolved around the possibility that cognition can be distributed across individuals and material resources, as well as across groups of individuals. We review evidence from a maturing program of empirical research in which we adopted the lens of distributed cognition to gain new insights into the ways that remembering might be shared in groups. Across four studies, we examined shared remembering in intimate couples. We studied their collaboration on more simple memory tasks as well as their conversations about shared past experiences. We also asked them about their everyday memory compensation strategies in order to investigate the complex ways that couples may coordinate their material and interpersonal resources. We discuss our research in terms of the costs and benefits of shared remembering, features of the group and features of the remembering task that influence the outcomes of shared remembering, the cognitive and interpersonal functions of shared remembering, and the interaction between social and material resources. More broadly, this interdisciplinary research program suggests the potential for empirical psychology research to contribute to ongoing interdisciplinary discussions of distributed cognition.

scholarly journals Analyzing the effects of memory biases and mood disorders on social performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanda Kishore Sreenivas ◽  
Shrisha Rao
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Negative Bias ◽  
Positive Bias ◽  
Multiple Traits ◽  
Personal Network ◽  
Memory Biases ◽  
Rational Agents ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Past Experiences

AbstractRealistic models of decision-making and social interactions, considering the nature of memory and biases, continue to be an area of immense interest. Emotion and mood are a couple of key factors that play a major role in decisions, nature of social interactions, size of the social network, and the level of engagement. Most of the prior work in this direction focused on a single trait, behavior, or bias. However, this work builds an integrated model that considers multiple traits such as loneliness, the drive to interact, the memory, and mood biases in an agent. The agent system comprises of rational, manic, depressed, and bipolar agents. The system is modeled with an interconnected network, and the size of the personal network of each agent is based on its nature. We consider a game of iterated interactions where an agent cooperates based on its past experiences with the other agent. Through simulation, the effects of various biases and comparative performances of agent types is analyzed. Taking the performance of rational agents as the baseline, manic agents do much better, and depressed agents do much worse. The payoffs also exhibit an almost-linear relationship with the extent of mania. It is also observed that agents with stronger memory perform better than those with weaker memory. For rational agents, there is no significant difference between agents with a positive bias and those with a negative bias. Positive bias is linked with higher payoffs in manic and bipolar agents. In depressed agents, negative bias is linked with higher payoffs. In manic agents, an intermediate value of mood dependence offers the highest payoff. But the opposite is seen in depressed agents. In bipolar agents, agents with weak mood dependence perform the best.

Marginality, Conveyance of Goods, and Trade on California’s Islands

2019 ◽  
pp. 191-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael Fauvelle ◽  
Jennifer E. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Uneven Distribution ◽  
Luxury Goods ◽  
Plant Foods ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Political Complexity ◽  
Terminal Pleistocene

Since the Terminal Pleistocene, the waters of the California Bight have been centers of maritime exchange, where islanders traded with mainland peoples. Explanations for the development of these exchange systems have argued that the uneven distribution of material resources between island and mainland environments led to the intensive exchange of goods. New evaluations of island resources suggest, however, that key plant foods and other potential trade goods were not as scarce on the islands as once thought. These developments necessitate a reevaluation of the role of maritime exchange in the development of social and political complexity in the California Bight. This chapter argues that social interactions and ritual obligations were important drivers of California Island exchange, with a focus on value-added and luxury goods.

Students' Mathematical Noticing

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 809-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Lobato ◽  
Charles Hohensee ◽  
Bohdan Rhodehamel
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Middle Grades ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Mathematical Tasks ◽  
Mathematical Activity ◽  
Student Reasoning ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Discourse Practices ◽  
Subsequent Interview ◽  
Individual Cognition

Even in simple mathematical situations, there is an array of different mathematical features that students can attend to or notice. What students notice mathematically has consequences for their subsequent reasoning. By adapting work from both cognitive science and applied linguistics anthropology, we present a focusing framework, which treats noticing as a complex phenomenon that is distributed across individual cognition, social interactions, material resources, and normed practices. Specifically, this research demonstrates that different centers of focus emerged in two middle grades mathematics classes addressing the same content goals, which, in turn, were related conceptually to differences in student reasoning on subsequent interview tasks. Furthermore, differences in the discourse practices, features of the mathematical tasks, and the nature of the mathematical activity in the two classrooms were related to the different mathematical features that students appeared to notice.

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