Selecting models and setting standards for teachers of English in Hong Kong

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Coniam ◽  
Peter Falvey
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Ability ◽  
Minimum Standard ◽  
Second Language Teaching ◽  
Benchmark Assessment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Setting Process ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Selection Of

The perception of falling standards in education, and in second language teaching in particular, has been a constant refrain for the past 20 years as changing needs and practices affect economic processes and manpower requirements. Within this context, this article deals with the establishment of language standards (‘benchmarks’) for teachers of English in Hong Kong. The article deals with two separate but linked notions: first, the notion of which model of the English language should be used as the standard model for English language teacher benchmark assessment in Hong Kong; second, the level of language ability that will be decided upon in order to establish the proficiency standards expected of teachers of English. The article first describes the background to the setting of language standards for teachers of English in Hong Kong. It then examines the selection of and justification for the model of English selected as the ‘minimum standard’. The following section considers the level of language ability agreed upon as the standard that teachers of English need to attain. The article concludes with an examination of the extent to which the standards that have been agreed upon match the needs of the major stakeholders in the standard-setting process.

Hong Kong on display: Things, time and urban space

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-133
Author(s):  
Anneke Coppoolse
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
The Past ◽  
Urban Condition ◽  
Visual Approach ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

Despite, and due to, its culture of consuming ‘the new’, Hong Kong contains an expansive second-hand world that encourages preoccupation with the past through pre-owned ‘things’ and related practices of displaying and collecting. This article takes on a visual approach to understanding (fragments of) Hong Kong’s urban condition by considering its second-hand world. Following an established tradition of revaluing second-hand objects (economically and otherwise), the sites where these objects are temporarily ‘exhibited’ form stages for the emergence of stories about the city, through practices of exchanging, collecting and displaying. Focusing on a selection of these objects, displayed in particular locations, an attempt is made at understanding the significance of their persistence in Hong Kong.

scholarly journals ? How has Dubai Become a World – Renowned Megacity

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakiah Radhi Alhajji
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
English Language ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Presence

Megacities are large urban centers with populations in excess of 10 million inhabitants. Today Dubai is coming in at 1st place as the world’s most developed and emerging world location, it tops Hong Kong and Copenhagen, ranking 3rd for its Economic Potential and 8th for Connectivity and Business Friendliness. These are the qualities that class Dubai as the Middle East’s “2025 Hot Spot for Future Competitive Cities” (Economist Intelligence), as well as being the 7th most influential city in the world. Yet Dubai has only been anointed this status in its recent history. Its population has been expanding dramatically only as recently as 2005, with a surge of 25% in that year alone. The scope of this review is limited to resources that have been published both online and in print in the English language. Primarily these are works of scholars educated in the West, published in the last ten years. This review will not explore the works of Emirati scholars written in their native language of Arabic, nor any sources prior to 2002. This is because the growth of Dubai and the relevant subsequent analysis has occurred mostly in the past decade. Its relevance to the West is of key importance to its growth, hence English publications have been chosen. For the time being, Dubai’s current status as megacity remains contested. Its population is roughly nine times smaller than the defined population size of a megacity, yet some critics insist on its megacity status given Dubai’s global presence and publicity. Megacities are defined by a population of at least ten million inhabitants.  

scholarly journals Twenty Years of Full-Mouth Disinfection: The Past, the Present and the Future

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 435-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ange Désiré Pockpa ◽  
Assem Soueidan ◽  
Pauline Louis ◽  
Nadin Thérèse Coulibaly ◽  
Zahi Badran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Past ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
The Future ◽  
Full Mouth Disinfection ◽  
Selection Of

Background: Conventional periodontal treatment, performed quadrant by quadrant in multiple visits, was re-evaluated in the early 1990s when the full-mouth disinfection concept was introduced. Over the years, several modifications to the full-mouth disinfection approach have been suggested. Objective: The purpose of this article is to review the evolution of full-mouth disinfection during the past 20 years, to specify its indications and to consider the prospects for this approach. Materials and Methods: An electronic and manual search of the literature, ending in December 2016, was performed by two independent researchers. Only pivotal studies and randomized controlled clinical trials published in the English language that evaluated a new approach to full-mouth disinfection were selected. Results: According to the studies included in our analysis (21 articles), several modified full-mouth disinfection protocols have been designed including: full-mouth treatment without chlorhexidine, the extension of hygiene methods and an increase in the duration of post-treatment chlorhexidine use, the replacement of chlorhexidine with other antiseptics, supplementation with antibiotics or probiotics, full-mouth antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and one-stage full-mouth disinfection combined with a periodontal dressing. Conclusion: Since 1995, several modifications have been suggested to improve the effectiveness of full-mouth disinfection. The majority of the studies demonstrate that the results obtained with full-mouth disinfection and its variants are equivalent to each other and to those obtained with the conventional quadrant method. Currently, the selection of this technique remains empirical and depends on the preferences of the practitioner and the patient. In the future, a patient-centered approach should be the best indication for the use of this technique.

Integrated FAHP-VIKOR model for green supplier selection in a Nickle coating SME

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Sanatan Ratna ◽  
B Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Staff Training ◽  
Supplier Selection ◽  
Fuzzy Ahp ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Supplier Evaluation ◽  
Green Supplier Selection ◽  
The Past ◽  
Coating Industry ◽  
Sustainability Issue ◽  
Selection Of

In the past few decades, there has been lot of focus on the issue of sustainability. This has occurred due to the growing concerns related to climate change and the growing awareness about environmental concerns. Also, the competition at global level has led to the search for the most sustainable route in the industries. The current research work deals with the selection of green supplier in a Nickle coating industry based on certain weighted green attributes. For this purpose, a hybrid tool comprising of Fuzzy AHP (Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy) and VIKOR (VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje) is used. The Fuzzy AHP is used for assigning proper weights to the selected criteria for supplier evaluation, while VIKOR is used for final supplier selection based on the weighted criteria. The three criterions for green supplier selection are, Ecological packaging, Corporate socio-environmental responsibility and Staff Training. The outcome of the integrated model may serve as a steppingstone to other SMEs in different sectors for selecting the most suitable supplier for addressing the sustainability issue.

Tauchnitz for Translators. The Circulation of English-language Literature in Finland

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 161-179
Author(s):  
Outi Paloposki
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
English Language ◽  
Book History ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Book Production ◽  
German Publisher ◽  
Language Literature ◽  
Selection Of

The article looks at book production and circulation from the point of view of translators, who, as purchasers and readers of foreign-language books, are an important mediating force in the selection of literature for translation. Taking the German publisher Tauchnitz's series ‘Collection of British Authors’ and its circulation in Finland in the nineteenth and early twentieth century as a case in point, the article argues that the increased availability of English-language books facilitated the acquiring and honing of translators' language skills and gradually diminished the need for indirect translating. Book history and translation studies meet here in an examination of the role of the Collection in Finnish translators' work.

An historical analysis of species references in American English

Corpora ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-349
Author(s):  
Craig Frayne
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Sentiment Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Use ◽  
American English ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Corpus Studies ◽  
Google Books

This study uses the two largest available American English language corpora, Google Books and the Corpus of Historical American English (coha), to investigate relations between ecology and language. The paper introduces ecolinguistics as a promising theme for corpus research. While some previous ecolinguistic research has used corpus approaches, there is a case to be made for quantitative methods that draw on larger datasets. Building on other corpus studies that have made connections between language use and environmental change, this paper investigates whether linguistic references to other species have changed in the past two centuries and, if so, how. The methodology consists of two main parts: an examination of the frequency of common names of species followed by aspect-level sentiment analysis of concordance lines. Results point to both opportunities and challenges associated with applying corpus methods to ecolinguistc research.

ON LITERATURE AND GRAMMAR: A Selection of Annotated Medieval and Renaissance English Texts for (Spanish) University Students

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gema Chocano Díaz ◽  
Noelia Hernando Real
Keyword(s):  
William Shakespeare ◽  
University Students ◽  
Geoffrey Chaucer ◽  
English Language ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Christopher Marlowe ◽  
Sir Philip Sidney ◽  
William Langland ◽  
Sir Thomas Wyatt ◽  
Selection Of

On Literature and Grammar gives students and instructors a carefully thought experience to combine their learning of Middle and Early Modern English and Medieval and Renaissance English Literature. The selection of texts, which include the most commonly taught works in university curricula, allows readers to understand and enjoy the evolution of the English language and the main writers and works of these periods, from William Langland to Geoffrey Chaucer, from Sir Philip Sidney to Sir Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, and from Christopher Marlowe to William Shakespeare. Fully annotated and written to answer the real needs of current Spanish university students, these teachable texts include word-by-word translations into Present Day English and precise introductions to their linguistic and literary contexts.

A content analysis of gender representation in Malaysian children's literature

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Ramesh Nair
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Children's Literature ◽  
English Language ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Children's Books ◽  
Children’S Books ◽  
Minor Characters ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Mental Schemas ◽  
Selection Of

Children's literature serves as a powerful medium through which children construct messages about their roles In society and gender Identity is often central to this construction. Although possessing mental schemas about gender differences is helpful when children organize their ideas of the world around them, problems occur when children are exposed to a constant barrage of uncompromising, gender-schematic sources that lead to stereotyping which in turn represses the full development of the child. This paper focuses on how gender is represented in a selection of Malaysian children's books published in the English language. Relying on the type of content analysis employed by previous feminist social science researchers, I explore this selection of Malaysian children's books for young children and highlight some areas of concern with regard to the construction of maleness and femaleness in these texts. The results reveal Imbalances at various levels Including the distribution of main, supporting and minor characters along gendered lines and the positioning of male and female characters In the visual Illustrations. The stereotyping of these characters In terms of their behavioural traits will be discussed with the aim of drawing attention to the need for us to take concerted measures to provide our children with books that will help them realize their potential to the fullest.

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