Applying the extended parallel process model to examine posters in the 2008 Chinese Annual Anti-Drug Campaign

Abstract Background Mammography screening is the main method for early detection of breast cancer in Norway. Few studies have focused on psychological determinants of both attendance and non-attendance of publicly available mammography screening programs. The aim of the current study, guided by the Extended Parallel Process Model, was to examine how psychological factors influence defensive avoidance of breast cancer screening and intention to attend mammography. Methods Cross-sectional survey data from a community sample of women living in Norway aged ≥ 18 (N = 270), and without a history of breast cancer, was collected from September 2018 to June 2019 and used to investigate the relationships between the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) constructs and two outcomes: defensive avoidance of breast cancer screening and intention to attend mammography within the next two years. After adjusting for confounding factors, the hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses was conducted to assess the ability of the independent variables based on the EPPM to predict the two outcome variables. Significance level was chosen at p < 0.05. Results Multivariate analyses showed that defensive avoidance of breast cancer screening was predicted by lower perceived susceptibility to breast cancer (β = − 0.22, p = 0.001), lower response efficacy of mammography screening (β = − 0.33, p = 0.001), higher breast cancer fear (β = 0.15, p = 0.014), and checking breasts for lumps (β = − 0.23, p = 0.001). Intention to attend mammography within the next two years was predicted by higher response efficacy of mammography screening (β = 0.13, p = 0.032), having a lower educational level (β = − 0.10, p = 0.041), and regular previous mammography attendance compared to never attending (β = 0.49, p = 0.001). Conclusions The study revealed that defensive avoidance of breast cancer screening and intention to attend mammography were not predicted by the same pattern of psychological factors. Our findings suggest future health promotion campaigns need to focus not only on the psychological factors that encourage women’s decision to attend the screening, but also to counter factors that contribute to women’s decision to avoid it.

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Using the Extended Parallel Process Model to Examine the Nature and Impact of Breast Cancer Prevention Information on Mobile-Based Social Media: Content Analysis

JMIR mhealth and uhealth ◽

10.2196/13987 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. e13987 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Liang Chen ◽

Xiaodong Yang ◽

Lunrui Fu ◽

Xiaoming Liu ◽

Congyi Yuan

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Social Media ◽

Content Analysis ◽

Cancer Prevention ◽

Process Model ◽

Parallel Process ◽

Breast Cancer Prevention ◽

Media Content ◽

Extended Parallel Process Model ◽

Media Content Analysis

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Using the Extended Parallel Process Model to Examine the Nature and Impact of Breast Cancer Prevention Information on Mobile-Based Social Media: Content Analysis (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.13987 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Liang Chen ◽

Xiaodong Yang ◽

Lunrui Fu ◽

Xiaoming Liu ◽

Congyi Yuan

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Social Media ◽

Content Analysis ◽

Cancer Prevention ◽

Health Information ◽

Process Model ◽

Parallel Process ◽

Breast Cancer Prevention ◽

Extended Parallel Process Model ◽

The Impact

BACKGROUND With the rise of mobile technology, an increasing number of people use mobile-based social media to access health information. Many scholars have explored the nature of health information on social media; however, the impact of such information on people was understudied. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the nature and impact of health information on mobile-based social media. Specifically, we investigated how the levels of threat and efficacy of breast cancer prevention information affect individuals’ engagement with the information, such as readings and likes. METHODS Breast cancer prevention articles posted on a Chinese mobile-based social media platform (ie, WeChat Subscription Account [WeChat SA]) from January 1 to December 31, 2017, were extracted using the Python Web Crawler. We used content analysis and analysis of covariance to analyze our data. RESULTS The results revealed that the vast majority of titles and main bodies of the articles involved one of the extended parallel process model components: threat or efficacy. CONCLUSIONS Breast cancer prevention information on WeChat SA was well designed. Both threat and efficacy significantly affected the number of readings, whereas only efficacy had a significant effect on the number of likes. Moreover, breast cancer prevention information that contained both high levels of threat and efficacy gained the largest number of readings and likes.

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Assessing Protective Factors Against Drug Abuse Among High School Students: Self-Control and the Extended Parallel Process Model

Journal of Addictions Nursing ◽

10.1080/10884600701334820 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 65-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Hamid Allahverdipour ◽

Richard MacIntyre ◽

Alireza Hidarnia ◽

Froug Shafii ◽

Anoushiravan Kzamnegad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

High School Students ◽

Drug Abuse ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Process Model ◽

Parallel Process ◽

Self Control ◽

Extended Parallel Process Model ◽

School Students

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Changing health compliance through message repetition based on the extended parallel process model in the COVID-19 pandemic

10.31234/osf.io/e46nz ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jingwen Yang ◽

Xue Wu ◽

Kyoshiro Sasaki ◽

Yuki Yamada

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation ◽

Process Model ◽

Parallel Process ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Perceived Threat ◽

Extended Parallel Process Model ◽

Perceived Efficacy ◽

Perceived Susceptibility ◽

Response Efficacy ◽

Behavior Intention

When people are confronted with health proposals during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it has been suggested that fear of COVID-19 can serve protective functions and ensure public health compliance. However, health proposal repetition and its perceived efficacy also influence the behavior intention toward the proposal, which has not yet been confirmed in the COVID-19 context. The present study aims to examine whether the extended parallel process model (EPPM) can be generalized to a naturalistic context like the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, we will explore how repetition of a health proposal is involved with the EPPM. In this study, two groups of participants are exposed to the same health proposal related to COVID-19, where one group is exposed once and another group twice. They then fill out a questionnaire consisting of items concerning behavior intention and adapted from the Risk Behavior Diagnosis Scale. Structural equation modeling will be used to determine the multivariate associations between the variables. We predict that repetition of the health proposal will associate with response efficacy (i.e., a belief about the effectiveness of the health proposal in deterring the threat) and perceived susceptibility (i.e., a belief about the risk of experiencing the threat). It is also predicted that following the EPPM, behavior intention will associate with both perceived efficacy of the health proposal, which will underlie response efficacy, and perceived threat of COVID-19, which will underlie perceived susceptibility. We will discuss the process, based on the model, where health message repetition affects behavior intention during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Changing health compliance through message repetition based on the extended parallel process model in the COVID-19 pandemic

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.10318 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e10318 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jingwen Yang ◽

Xue Wu ◽

Kyoshiro Sasaki ◽

Yuki Yamada

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation ◽

Process Model ◽

Parallel Process ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Perceived Threat ◽

Extended Parallel Process Model ◽

Perceived Efficacy ◽

Perceived Susceptibility ◽

Response Efficacy ◽

Behavior Intention

When people are confronted with health proposals during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it has been suggested that fear of COVID-19 can serve protective functions and ensure public health compliance. However, health proposal repetition and its perceived efficacy also influence the behavior intention toward the proposal, which has not yet been confirmed in the COVID-19 context. The present study aims to examine whether the extended parallel process model (EPPM) can be generalized to a naturalistic context like the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, we will explore how repetition of a health proposal is involved with the EPPM. In this study, two groups of participants are exposed to the same health proposal related to COVID-19, where one group is exposed once and another group twice. They then fill out a questionnaire consisting of items concerning behavior intention and adapted from the Risk Behavior Diagnosis Scale. Structural equation modeling will be used to determine the multivariate associations between the variables. We predict that repetition of the health proposal will associate with response efficacy (i.e., a belief about the effectiveness of the health proposal in deterring the threat) and perceived susceptibility (i.e., a belief about the risk of experiencing the threat). It is also predicted that following the EPPM, behavior intention will associate with both perceived efficacy of the health proposal, which will underlie response efficacy, and perceived threat of COVID-19, which will underlie perceived susceptibility. We will discuss the process, based on the model, where health message repetition affects behavior intention during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Evaluating Effectiveness of Abstinence Message Response for HIV/Aids Prevention and Associated Factors among Hadiya Zone College Students using Extended Parallel Process Model, South Ethiopia

Journal of Clinical Research & Bioethics ◽

10.4172/2155-9627.1000180 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 05 (03) ◽

Author(s):

Dube Jara Feleke Doyore

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Process Model ◽

Aids Prevention ◽

Parallel Process ◽

Extended Parallel Process Model ◽

South Ethiopia ◽

Hadiya Zone ◽

Hiv Aids

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Extended Parallel Process Model and H5N1 Influenza Virus

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.102.2.539-550 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 102 (2) ◽

pp. 539-550 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Wanda Siu

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Process Model ◽

Parallel Process ◽

H5n1 Influenza Virus ◽

Extended Parallel Process Model ◽

Persuasive Message ◽

H5n1 Influenza ◽

The Usa ◽

Promotional Message ◽

Significant Health

This study integrated the Extended Parallel Process Model and forewarning cues to assess the promotion of preventive measures against the H5N1 influenza virus, a significant health threat that affects Asia, Europe, and the USA. There are two types of forewarning, (1) telling the audience that they will hear messages intended to persuade them and (2) telling the audience the topic and stance of the impending persuasive message. Analysis of ratings by 265 undergraduates indicated that forewarnings of the topic and stance of a promotional message on the H5N1 virus facilitated elaboration of coping-related thoughts which enhance perceived self-efficacy and a stronger behavioral intention to combat H5N1. Conversely, the elaboration of danger-related thoughts evoked some fear but enhanced source perception.

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Persepsi Remaja Terhadap Kesan Menakutkan Pada Peringatan Kesehatan Bergambar Di Bungkus Rokok Ditinjau Dari Extended Parallel Process Model

Perilaku dan Promosi Kesehatan: Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior ◽

10.47034/ppk.v1i1.2120 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 10

Author(s):

Andi Annisa Dwi Rahmawati ◽

Rita Damayanti ◽

Dien Anshari

Keyword(s):

Process Model ◽

Parallel Process ◽

Extended Parallel Process Model

Latar Belakang. Tujuan pencantuman Peringatan Kesehatan Bergambar (PKB) pada bungkus rokok adalah mencegah remaja dari kebiasaan merokok. Dengan melihat gambar menakutkan pada PKB, remaja perokok juga diharapkan termotivasi berhenti merokok.Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pesan persuasif yang berusaha memunculkan rasa takut berperan dalam proses penerimaan atau penolakan pesan pada siswa yang pernah mendapat intervensi program berhenti merokok bernama Not on Tobacco (NOT) dengan yang belum pernah mendapatkannya. Metode. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain Rapid Asessment Procedures (RAP). Metode yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data adalah wawancara mendalam.Hasil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan siswa yang mendapat intervensi program berhenti merokok memiliki keyakinan diri yang lebih tinggi untuk dapat mengurangi konsumsi rokok atau berhenti merokok dengan mudah dibandingkan siswa yang tidak mendapat intervensi. Mereka yang mendapat intervensi juga menunjukkan penerimaan pesan paling baik. Hal ini terlihat dari perubahan niat, sikap, dan perilaku informan ke arah yang positif, berkaitan dengan perilaku merokok. Sementara itu, siswa yang tidak mendapat intervensi menunjukkan penolakan pesan akibat tidak dapat mengendalikan rasa takut. Hal ini tercermin dari perilaku siswa yang menghindari melihat PKB.

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