scholarly journals Temporal structures in Occitan and French oral narrative

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Janice Carruthers ◽  
Marianne Vergez-Couret
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
Oral Narrative ◽  
Written Narratives ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Specific Focus ◽  
Temporal Features ◽  
Clear Link ◽  
Temporal Structures ◽  
Narrative Practice ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This article explores the temporal structuring of Occitan and French oral narratives. Using contemporary linguistic theory and through a corpus-based analysis, it aims to explore the relationship between language and orality, with a specific focus on two key temporal features of oral narrative, i.e. frames and connectives. The authors create a digitised corpus involving three sub-corpora demonstrating different degrees of orality in Occitan and these are also compared with a French oral corpus. The analysis shows that there is quantitative evidence to support the idea that frames and connectives have complementary roles in narrative, with inverse proportions of frames and connectives in the four sub-corpora. In terms of degrees of orality, the results suggest that not only is the use of particular connectives strongly associated with oral as opposed to written narratives but also that factors relating to sources, transmission and storytelling practice are highly influential and interact with each other in complex ways. Frames are generally ‘primarily structural’ in function rather than ‘temporal and structural’ and certain frame introducers recur in all the sub-corpora but there are complex differences between the different sub-corpora and a clear link with story-type. Questions of sources, transmission and narrative practice are central to our argumentation throughout and are particularly striking in the case of the contemporary Occitan sub-corpus.

Den anklagade tittaren. Strategiskt publiktilltal i satiriska anklagelser

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-105
Author(s):  
Tommy Bruhn ◽  
Joanna Doona
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Private School ◽  
Rhetorical Structure ◽  
Subject Positions ◽  
Queue System ◽  
Specific Focus ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Opening Up

Public accusations often lead to controversy. Accusations have been studied as causing certain types of defense, as well as for how accusing parties persuade audiences of guilt, and amplify an act’s offensiveness. We investigate a satire programme as a strategic act, with a specific focus on how its accusatory rhetorical structure strategically invites certain responses, and counteracts others. We show how a segment in the news satire programme ‘Swedish News’ constructed a complex accusation against the Swedish private school queue system, and against the character of the educated middle class who tend to use it. The segment’s structure places the accused middle class as an addressed audience in three different subject positions, wherein the relationship between them motivates penance rather than defense. The analysis shows how a changing positioning of the same group as judge, victim and accused can perform certain functions in accusatory speech, indicating roads to redemption and opening up for possibilities of reconciliation

scholarly journals Iris Hanika's Treffen Sich Zwei: Reception, Analysis and Interpretation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kerry Alistair Nitz
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Literary Context ◽  
Narrative Functions ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

<p>Iris Hanika’s commercially and critically successful novel Treffen sich zwei makes use of several techniques in the characterisation of its protagonists. Many of its reviews focus on the author’s deliberate placement of links to a wider literary context. Their interest extends from questions of genre-mixing through to the identification of direct quotes from other authors’ works. The critical preoccupation with intertexts demonstrates their importance for the readers’ response to the novel. More specifically, certain reviews highlight the important role intertexts play in the characterisation of the protagonists. This study catalogues the intertexts, metaphors and parodies in Treffen sich zwei and, by means of quantitative analysis, identifies high-level patterns in the use of these techniques. In particular, patterns are identified between, on the one hand, the different narrative functions of the intertexts and, on the other hand, the different ways in which they are interwoven in the text. The data also shows that distinct patterns are associated with each of the two protagonists and that certain patterns change in the course of the novel in parallel with the changes in the relationship between them. This quantitative evidence is supported by a more detailed, qualitative approach, which examines how specific intertexts or metaphors are used for the purposes of characterisation. In addition, variations in voice are used to distinguish the two main protagonists in a manner consistent with the intertexts and metaphors. It is thanks to the combination of these techniques that the theme of meeting encapsulated in the title, Treffen sich zwei, is woven into the textual fabric of the novel.</p>

Roland Barthes: The Proust Variations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Roland Barthes ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Specific Focus ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

By confronting the singularity of the relationship between two exemplary writers of the last century, this book challenges and reinvigorates our notions of what art and criticism – literary or otherwise – can do. While it takes Roland Barthes’s encounters with Marcel Proust’s monumental masterpiece À la recherche du temps perdu as its specific focus, the implications of its argument are far-reaching. Indeed, the book argues that Barthes’s writing on Proust’s work between the early 1950s and 1980 (including a substantial set of unpublished notes for a seminar delivered at the University of Rabat in 1969–1970) proposes not only a critical culture of Proust that is productively inconsistent, but also, more generally, a fresh understanding of criticism as a creative activity that embraces insecurity and variation as it refuses to remain fixed upon reassuringly stable themes, meanings and interpretations.

Community Psychology and Unreached Peoples: Applications to Needs and Resource Assessment

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly S. O'Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Community Psychology ◽  
Underserved Populations ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Specific Focus ◽  
Mission Agencies ◽  
Assessment Techniques ◽  
The Relationship

This article explores the relationship between community psychology and frontier missions. Similarities between these two fields, such as their common perspectives on delivering services to underserved populations, provide points of contact between them. Specific focus is placed on community psychology contributions to missionaries and mission agencies in the area of needs and resource assessment The application of community psychology assessment techniques is discussed by highlighting their use on a frontier project targeting the Nahuatl people of Mexico. Some suggestions for additional applications of community psychology are given.

scholarly journals Effect of Vocal Nerve Section on Song and ZENK Protein Expression in Area X in Adult Male Zebra Finches

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Congshu Liao ◽  
Dongfeng Li
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Zebra Finches ◽  
Nerve Section ◽  
Singing Behavior ◽  
Temporal Features ◽  
The Right ◽  
Area X ◽  
The Relationship

ZENK expression in vocal nuclei is associated with singing behavior. Area X is an important nucleus for learning and stabilizing birdsong. ZENK expression is higher in Area X compared to that in other vocal nuclei when birds are singing. To reveal the relationship between the ZENK expression in Area X and song crystallization, immunohistochemistry was used to detect ZENK protein expression in Area X after the unilateral vocal nerve (tracheosyringeal nerve) section in adult male zebra finches. Sham operations had no effect on song. In contrast, section of unilateral vocal nerve could induce song decrystallization at the 7th day after the surgery. The spectral and the temporal features of birdsong were distorted more significantly in the right-side vocal nerve section than in the left-side vocal nerve section. In addition, after surgery, ZENK expression was higher in the right-side of Area X than in the left-side. These results indicate that the vocal nerve innervations probably are right-side dominant. ZENK expression in both sides of Area X decreased, as compared to control group after surgery, which suggests that the ZENK expression in Area X is related to birdsong crystallization, and that there is cooperation between the Area X in AFP and syrinx nerve.

Social capital and democracy in Russia

2000 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
Democratic Rule ◽  
The Relationship

The two basic objectives of this study are to determine whether or not Russia has stocks of social capital upon which to draw as it seeks to democratize, and to examine the nature of the relationship between social capital and democracy in Russia. I present both qualitative and quantitative evidence that social capital exists in many parts of Russia. After a quantitative analysis of social capital and democratization, which identifies a strong positive relationship, I suggest that if the center is able to sustain democracy, Russia should be able to consolidate democratic rule.

AN APPROACH OF EXCITING EVENTS DETECTION IN SOCCER SPORTS VIDEOS

2010 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 15-30
Author(s):  
WEI WANG ◽  
WEI GAO ◽  
YAJUAN LIU ◽  
RUNSHENG WANG
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Information ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Classification Models ◽  
Hierarchical Tree ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Video Frames ◽  
Temporal Structures ◽  
Events Detection ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sports Videos

In this paper, an approach with both the hierarchical tree and the clips temporal structure is proposed for exciting events (such as free kicks near the goal box, corner kicks, etc.) detection in broadcast soccer videos. In this approach, video frames are firstly divided into sections. Then these sections are divided further into clips which have specifically semantic information so that we can use the low-level descriptors to classify the clips and analyze the relationship between them. Low-level descriptors include color, motion descriptors and edge descriptors. To detect the exciting events, the simple classification models are constructed by combining the fixed temporal structures of clips with motion vectors and other low-level descriptors. Experiments on real soccer video programs show the encouraging results.

Speech style and authenticity: Quantitative evidence for the performance of identity

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory R. Guy ◽  
Cecelia Cutler
Keyword(s):  
Hip Hop ◽  
African American Vernacular English ◽  
Stylistic Variation ◽  
Exponential Relationship ◽  
Surface Level ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Vernacular English ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Style Shift ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe question of what constitutes an authentic speaker, particularly with regard to African American Vernacular English (AAVE), has been the subject of some debate in sociolinguistics (Butters, 1984; Labov, 1980; Sweetland, 2002) and arises anew in the case of white hip-hop–affiliated youth (WHHs) who converge toward AAVE in their speech. This paper takes a quantitative approach to this question by examining how speech style alters the relationship between the frequencies of a variable in different linguistic environments. Guy (1991b) showed that the exponential relationship in English among rates of coronal stop deletion (CSD) in several morphological categories is systematically distorted by constraints on the surface-level phonology. Because stylistic variation appears to operate at this level, such distortion provides an internal measure of a speaker's stylistic shifting away from their neutral vernacular usage. Data on CSD deletion from WHHs who style shift toward AAVE show this kind of distortion when compared with the speech of AAVE speakers. This data provide strong internal evidence in support of the idea that some WHHs are “performing” a speech style that diverges from their unmarked style.

scholarly journals The Pedagogy of Learner Autonomy: Lessons from the Classroom

2017 ◽  
pp. 102-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Cotterall
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Learner Autonomy ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Learner Engagement ◽  
Written Narratives ◽  
Japanese University ◽  
Classroom Activities ◽  
Learning Contexts ◽  
The Relationship

Learner autonomy in language learning has been the focus of enthusiastic investigation for the last 25 years. Research has focused on three key areas: the nature of autonomy, efforts to foster learner autonomy and the relationship between learner autonomy and effective language learning (Benson, 2011). This article focuses on the second area – the pedagogy of learner autonomy – and reports on insights gained from a career spent exploring learners’ efforts to learn a language. The paper is organized around a pedagogical model (Cotterall & Murray, 2009; Murray, 2013) which aims to enhance learner engagement and autonomy. The model consists of five affordances – engagement, exploration, personalization, reflection and support – which emerged from analysing the interviews and written narratives of Japanese university students engaged in independent language learning. The paper first discusses each of the five affordances and the way they contribute to the quality of language learning opportunities (Crabbe, 2003) in a given environment. Next, the affordances are illustrated in relation to five different learning contexts in an attempt to highlight the diverse ways in which learner autonomy can be promoted. Rather than prescribe particular classroom activities, the model identifies principles which can guide pedagogical decision-making. The paper concludes by considering the model’s potential as a set of guidelines for teachers who wish to promote learner autonomy.

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