Autrement

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-297
Author(s):  
Paul Isambert
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Structure ◽  
Subordinate Clause ◽  
Compositional Semantics ◽  
Corpus Study ◽  
Verb Phrase ◽  
Discourse Strategies ◽  
Manner Adverb

The French manner adverb autrement, as indicated by its morphology, derives a representation of manner from another (autre = other) representation ; the latter may be retrieved either in a subordinate clause following the adverb (autrement que P) or in the context preceding autrement. In the latter case, studied here, an anaphor is performed, and this paper, based on a corpus study, shows how identifying the antecedent is guided by clues, ranging from the verb phrase where autrement occurs to the environing discourse structure. In some cases, those clues are so frequent that one can talk about ‘discourse strategies’ or even collocations. It is thus shown that the adverb’s interpretation obtains not so much from compositional semantics (even helped by context) than from the properties of the constructions where it occurs.

Da eine oder mehrere betroffen …

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-100
Author(s):  
Melitta Gillmann
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Formal Language ◽  
Subordinate Clause ◽  
Matrix Clause ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Corpus Study ◽  
Causal Relations ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Very High

AbstractBased on a corpus study conducted using the GerManC corpus (1650–1800), the paper sketches the functional and sociosymbolic development of subordinate clause constructions introduced by the subjunctor da ‘since’ in different text genres. In the second half of the 17th and the first half of the 18th century, the da clauses were characterized by semantic vagueness: Besides temporal, spatial and causal relations, the subjunctor established conditional, concessive, and adversative links between clauses. The corpus study reveals that different genres are crucial to the readings of da clauses. Spatial and temporal usages, for example, occur more often in sermons than in other genres. The conditional reading, in contrast, strongly tends to occur in legal texts, where it displays very high frequency. This could be the reason why da clauses carry indexical meaning in contemporary German and are associated with formal language. Over the course of the 18th century, the causal usages increase in all genres. Surprisingly, these causal da clauses tend to be placed in front of the matrix clause despite the overall tendency of causal clauses to follow the matrix clause.

scholarly journals On the different interpretations of sentence-initial ainsi ‘so’ and the competition between three types of Verb–Subject order

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
Lena Karssenberg ◽  
Karen Lahousse
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Study ◽  
Discourse Context ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Manner Adverb ◽  
Preceding Discourse

Abstract This article is about different types of Subject–Verb inversion (nominal, pronominal, and complex inversion) in sentences introduced by ainsi ‘so, in this way’. We first make a distinction between four main interpretations: manner adverb ainsi, quotative ainsi, consecutive ainsi (expressing either an intentional or an unintentional consequence), and illustrative ainsi. On the basis of a corpus study, we show that nominal inversion often (but not always) combines with the manner interpretation, whereas the predominant function of ainsi + pronominal/complex inversion is to introduce an example or a consequence of the preceding discourse context. The data also contribute to the debate about the grammaticalization path of ainsi. Firstly, the unintentional consequence interpretation is argued to be a “bridging context” between manner and unintentional consequence. Secondly, given the preponderance of the illustrative interpretation, we argue that this under-researched interpretation be taken up in future diachronic and synchronic analyses of ainsi and its cross-linguistic counterparts.

scholarly journals Adverb of manner and its translations found in the novel “The Good Earth”

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
I Made Juliarta
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
Verb Phrase ◽  
Adverbial Phrase ◽  
Manner Adverb ◽  
Sentence Adverbs

The novel the Good Earth is one of the popular novels that tell the story about Chinese culture. Some sentences contain an adverb of manner and its translation from English into Indonesian. The text is analyzed and viewed to find the translation of the adverb of manner. The purpose of this study is to analyze the source translation and get the meaning and its sentence. As we know that an adverb is a word that changes the meaning of a verb, adjective, and a sentence. Adverbs are words like hurriedly, quickly, slowly, and instantly. It modifies a verb or verb phrase. An adverb gives information about the manner, time, place, frequency, or certainty. Adverbials are words groups in which an adverbial phrase tells us something about the verb. They could be taken in the forms of adverbs, adverb phrases, temporal noun phrases or prepositional phrases. Some classifications of adverbial are found in the novel. It is called adverbial of manner. The research aims to find out the translation of manner adverb. The theory used is Brown and Miller (1992) describing that adverb of manner indicating how the event described by the verb. 

scholarly journals Anaphora and Discourse Structure

2003 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie Webber ◽  
Matthew Stone ◽  
Aravind Joshi ◽  
Alistair Knott
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Structure ◽  
Compositional Semantics ◽  
Anaphor Resolution ◽  
Discourse Interpretation

We argue in this article that many common adverbial phrases generally taken to signal a discourse relation between syntactically connected units within discourse structure instead work anaphorically to contribute relational meaning, with only indirect dependence on discourse structure. This allows a simpler discourse structure to provide scaffolding for compositional semantics and reveals multiple ways in which the relational meaning conveyed by adverbial connectives can interact with that associated with discourse structure. We conclude by sketching out a lexicalized grammar for discourse that facilitates discourse interpretation as a product of compositional rules, anaphor resolution, and inference.

scholarly journals Mood Alternations in Old High German Subordinate Clauses

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Coniglio ◽  
Roland Hinterhölzl ◽  
Svetlana Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Relative Clauses ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Subordinate Clause ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Old High German ◽  
Corpus Study ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
Subordinate Clauses ◽  
Different Types

In this paper, Old High German mood alternations in the different types of subordinate clauses (complement, adverbial and relative clauses) are discussed. The use of the subjunctive in subordinate clauses is notoriously more frequent than in Modern German and has not yet been thoroughly investigated. Based on a comprehensive corpus study, the paper will show that the licensing conditions for the subjunctive in Old High German are determined by notions such as veridicality and – in relative contexts – specificity. These conditions are thus similar (but not always identical) to those observed for Modern Greek and Romance languages. Furthermore, a syntactic analysis is provided in order to account for the licensing of the subjunctive in each type of subordinate clause.

‘Victim playing’ as a form of verbal aggression in the Czech parliament

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Berrocal
Keyword(s):  
Political Action ◽  
The Other ◽  
Discourse Structure ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Linguistic Style ◽  
The Core ◽  
The People ◽  
Discourse Strategies ◽  
The One

Abstract As the core of political discourse is the struggle for power and scarce resources, conflict seems to be an essential component of political action and interaction. In addition, conflicts in parliament are manifested in many different ways. They range from disputes during the plenary sessions to more personal attacks in the question time. This paper, however, examines an atypical display of parliamentary discourse, namely a speech by a social democratic MP David Rath, which regarded a vote on his extradition and was delivered on 5 June 2012. This speech obviously did not fulfil the primary function of the parliamentary sessions, i.e. legislating and decision-making. Here the MP was given the opportunity to present his own version of events and ask fellow MPs to maintain his parliamentary immunity. The analysis revealed two intertwining discourse strategies. On the one hand, the MP who is charged with several criminal acts presents himself as a victim of a conspiracy. In that, he aims to divert attention from the criminal case while calling for sympathy and providing self-justification. On the other hand, he uses his time to verbally complain about his arrest, the conditions in which he is held in custody, and the people he holds responsible for his current situation; he uses verbal attacks to undermine and disqualify a number of overt and covert enemies. The key aim of the analysis is to explore how victimhood is constructed in discourse, what discourse strategies are observable at the macro-level and how they are reflected in the discourse structure and in the linguistic style.

scholarly journals Exemplification in academic discourse structure

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 111-125
Author(s):  
Ewa Kucelman
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Academic Discourse ◽  
Discourse Structure ◽  
Process Step ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Discourse Relations ◽  
Discourse Strategies ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Linguistic Material ◽  
Object Attribute

The study examines the role that exemplification plays in academic discourse. As the latest approaches emphasize, discourse is an interactional activity involving as participants both the writer and the reader. In order to ensure the proper understanding of his/her message, writers make use of different discourse strategies such as reformulation, specification, generalization or elaboration. We focus on how exemplification, viewed as the satellite, contributes to the better recognition of the subject matter, which is understood as the nucleus. In the first two sections of the study, we present an overview of discourse relations which call for the use of constructions applied in exemplification. The second part, which is based on the linguistic material obtained from a close scrutiny of two classic articles from the field of linguistics and one linguistic textbook, is devoted to the description of how exemplification contributes to specification and elaboration. We try to find and describe the specific relations, for example set-member, whole-part, process-step and object-attribute which hold between the nucleus and the satellite. Finally, we attempt at listing discourse areas which call for exemplification. The study illustrates that what are known as separate discourse relations are in fact closely related.

Situations and Syntactic Structures

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian Ramchand
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Item ◽  
Compositional Semantics ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Verb Phrase ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Empirical Ground ◽  
Hierarchical Ordering

Syntax has shown that there is a hierarchical ordering of projections within the verb phrase, although researchers differ with respect to how fine grained they assume the hierarchy to be). This book explores the hierarchy of the verb phrase from a semantic perspective, attempting to derive it from semantically sorted zones in the compositional semantics. The empirical ground is the auxiliary ordering found in the grammar of English. A new theory of semantic zones is proposed and formalized, and explicit semantic and morphological analyses are presented of all the auxiliary constructions of English that derive their rigid order of composition without recourse to lexical item specific ordering statements.

scholarly journals Mind your weight: ‘Motionlessly’ sitting between the object and the verb in Japanese

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 463
Author(s):  
Hing-Yuet Fung
Keyword(s):  
Information Structure ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Corpus Study ◽  
First Order ◽  
Word Order Variation ◽  
Order Variation ◽  
Weight Effect ◽  
Distance Minimization ◽  
Manner Adverb

The object in Japanese is often displaced from its canonical position next to the sentence-final verb, due to motivations such as information structure or animacy. Such flexibility allows for an adverb to be placed between the object and the verb. In the literature, there are suggestions for an almost equal preference to place Japanese manner adverbs before or after the object, inferred from both online and offline results. We will present a corpus study with a representative Japanese manner adverb zitto ‘motionlessly’ to show that either order may be preferred in different accounts of word order variation, but none can satisfy both requirements of distance minimization and accessibility, which are manifested in competing directions in Japanese, a verb-final language. In both accounts, weight has immense effect and should not be neglected. By using two heuristic methods to measure the weight effect, we propose that this case study with an object and an adverb sheds new light on the explanatory power of the distance minimization account, in particular by the Mimimize Domains principle (Hawkins 1994), which operates at both levels of (1) the constituency construction of the full VP, which favors the object-first order, and (2) the Phrasal Combination Domain between the head of object and the verb, which favors the adverb-first order. It is also proposed to implement a complement-and-adjunct distinction in the MiD principle, as a step toward a more effective study method of weight effect which I shall call efficiency profiling.

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