Evidentiality and epistemic modality in Zhuang

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongxian Luo
Keyword(s):  
Epistemic Modality ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Guangxi Province ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
Verb Meaning ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Final Particles

This paper discusses evidentiality and epistemic modality in Zhuang, a Tai language spoken in South China’s Guangxi Province and surrounding regions. A set of verbs of SPEAKING are found in Zhuang that describe the sources of information. These typically involve the grammaticalised marker nau⁴ which derives from a lexical verb meaning ‘say’, forming a rich array of expressions to mark direct and indirect speech, hearsay and other types of reported information, which carry a wide variety of evidential and epistemic overtones such as surprise, self-correction, mirativity, uncertainty, among others. A number of sentence-final particles, along with hedges and sensory verbs, are also found with these functions. Each of these conveys different degrees of reliability of the source of information.

scholarly journals Ways of introducing judgments and sources of information in a popular science text devoted to astronomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 11027
Author(s):  
Svetlana Bylkova ◽  
Margarita Finko ◽  
Igor Kudryashov
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Popular Science ◽  
Science Text ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Scientific Text ◽  
Science Texts ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
Text Segment ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Accessible Form

The journalist’s personality acts as an intermediary between scientists and non-professional readers, whose knowledge of astronomy is limited, and the created popular science texts are a kind of communicative platform for voicing judgments. In this regard, journalists not only supplement the reader’s knowledge in an accessible form, but also open access to the voices of representatives of the scientific and astronomical community, relying on such means as direct and indirect speech, which reveal different degrees of frequency in the first paragraph of the text and in the subsequent narrating. To systematize the actual data indicating the explicit labeling of the source of information in a popular science message, the most frequent language signals that are used by journalists in order to introduce a other voice into the text (predicates that introduce direct or indirect speech) were analyzed. As a result, models and indicators of their frequency were identified, which provided an opportunity to trace the trends in voicing the expert astronomers’ opinions in a popular scientific text. It is established that the distribution of direct and indirect speech with explicit marking of the source of information in the first paragraph of the popular science text is not homogeneous. In this text segment, indirect speech is the most frequent, which allows the journalist to focus the reader’s attention on an unbiased vision of a scientific event.

scholarly journals Barriers to identifying and obtaining CME: a national survey of physicians, nurse practitioners and physician assistants

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen O’Brien Pott ◽  
Anissa S. Blanshan ◽  
Kelly M. Huneke ◽  
Barbara L. Baasch Thomas ◽  
David A. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Nurse Practitioners ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Physician Assistants ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Online Search ◽  
The Past ◽  
Online Tools ◽  
Source Of Information

Abstract Background CPD educators and CME providers would benefit from further insight regarding barriers and supports in obtaining CME, including sources of information about CME. To address this gap, we sought to explore challenges that clinicians encounter as they seek CME, and time and monetary support allotted for CME. Methods In August 2018, we surveyed licensed US clinicians (physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants), sampling 100 respondents each of family medicine physicians, internal medicine and hospitalist physicians, medicine specialist physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants (1895 invited, 500 [26.3%] responded). The Internet-based questionnaire addressed barriers to obtaining CME, sources of CME information, and time and monetary support for CME. Results The most often-selected barriers were expense (338/500 [68%]) and travel time (N = 286 [57%]). The source of information about CME activities most commonly selected was online search (N = 348 [70%]). Direct email, professional associations, direct mail, and journals were also each selected by > 50% of respondents. Most respondents reported receiving 1–6 days (N = 301 [60%]) and $1000–$5000 (n = 263 [53%]) per year to use in CME activities. Most (> 70%) also reported no change in time or monetary support over the past 24 months. We found few significant differences in responses across clinician type or age group. In open-ended responses, respondents suggested eight ways to enhance CME: optimize location, reduce cost, publicize effectively, offer more courses and content, allow flexibility, ensure accessibility, make content clinically relevant, and encourage application. Conclusions Clinicians report that expense and travel time are the biggest barriers to CME. Time and money support is limited, and not increasing. Online search and email are the most frequently-used sources of information about CME. Those who organize and market CME should explore options that reduce barriers of time and money, and creatively use online tools to publicize new offerings.

scholarly journals An Important Source of Information about Islamized Armenians

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2 (6)) ◽  
pp. 251-261
Author(s):  
Sergey Vardanyan
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Village ◽  
Source Of Information

The history of Armenians has been accompanied with struggles against forced Islamization. The Islamized Hamshen-Armenians are of particular interest in this regard. The present article provides solid evidence about Islamized Armenians in general and those in the village of Khevak in particular, making reference to new sources of information that confirm the ideas stated.

scholarly journals Evidentiality In Romance Languages. Explanatory Potential of a Concept and Its Applications In Pragmatics

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. e337
Author(s):  
Gerda Hassler
Keyword(s):  
Epistemic Justification ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Epistemic Modality ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Superordinate Category ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Sources Of Knowledge ◽  
Factual Claim ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Linguistic Means

Defined narrowly, evidentiality pertains to the sources of knowledge or evidence whereby the speaker feels entitled to make a factual claim. But evidentiality may also be conceived more broadly as both providing epistemic justification and reflecting speaker’s attitude towards the validity of the communicated information, and hearer’s potential acceptability of the information, derived from the degree of reliability of the source and mode of access to the information. Evidentiality and epistemic modality are subcategories of the same superordinate category, namely a category of epistemicity. Since the first seminal works on evidentiality (Chafe and Nichols 1986), studies have for the most part centred on languages where the grammatical marking of the information source is obligatory (for example Willett 1988; Aikhenvald 2004). Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in the study of the domain of evidentiality in European languages, which rely on strategies along the lexico‐grammatical continuum. Assuming a broad conception of evidentiality and defining it as a functional category, we study linguistic means that fulfil the function of indicating the source of information for the transmitted content of a certain proposition in Romance languages.

Talking to children about parental mental illness: The experiences of well parents

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Ballal ◽  
Janardhana Navaneetham
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Parental Mental Illness ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Mental Health Systems ◽  
The Family ◽  
Supportive Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Source Of Information

Background: Children of parents with mental illness are not routinely included in psychoeducational and supportive family interventions provided by adult mental health systems. The family, therefore, is an important and, sometimes, the only source of information and support for them. Aim: To understand the experiences of well parents in talking to their children about parental mental illness. Method: This article presents the findings of a qualitative study of the experiences of well parents in talking to their children about parental mental illness. Ten well parents whose spouses were diagnosed with a severe mental illness participated in the study. Socio-demographic information, family details and history of the spouse’s mental illness along with their experiences of talking to children about parental mental illness, the perceived risks and benefits, challenges they faced and the role of others in the process were recorded. Qualitative data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Findings: The themes of ‘distancing children from parental mental illness’, ‘avoiding conversations about the illness’, ‘giving and receiving emotional support’, ‘providing explanations of the illness’ and ‘regulating other sources of information’ show the complex ways in which well parents influence their children’s understanding of parental mental illness. The findings are examined in the background of what is known about this topic from the perspective of children or of the parent with illness. Possible ways to support well parents in families affected by parental mental illness are discussed. Conclusion: This study is a step forward in the understanding of how families talk to children about parental mental illness and provides the perspective of the well parent.

Effect of Temporal Arrangement on Multimedia Learning

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Chen
Keyword(s):  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Multimedia Learning ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Multimedia Teaching ◽  
Text Information ◽  
Source Of Information

The purpose of this study is to examine whether Multimedia learning theory (Mayer, 1997; Schnotz & Kürschner, 2007) holds true when images are the primary source of information and text information is secondary. I will test how temporal arrangement of audio and image presentations affects quality of learning in this situation. I hypothesize that when audio is played before or after the image participants will require increased cognitive processing to mentally integrate the two sources of information resulting in deeper learning and transfer of learning. On the other hand when audio is played while the image is shown, I hypothesize that participants with high prior knowledge of the subject will score lower than participants with low prior knowledge, because prior knowledge will interfere with knowledge from the two sources causing a redundancy effect. This experiment will lead to greater understanding of multimedia teaching and learning in classrooms as well as how it affects deeper learning.

eWOW of Guests Regarding Their Hotel Experience

2020 ◽  
pp. 295-308
Author(s):  
Zelia Breda ◽  
Rui Costa ◽  
Gorete Dinis ◽  
Amandine Angie Martins
Keyword(s):  
Sentiment Analysis ◽  
Online Reviews ◽  
User Generated Content ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Value For Money ◽  
Quality Of Sleep ◽  
Online Comments ◽  
Analytical Response ◽  
Source Of Information

Online comments are increasingly mentioned as an important source of information, simplifying consumers' buying decisions. Online user-generated content has become one of the main sources of information for tourists, who themselves become creators of their own online content. This chapter focuses on sentiment analysis of comments made on TripAdvisor regarding one resort located in the Algarve region, in Portugal. The resort has good reviews, which means that the eWOM is positive. The highest scores relate to the resort's cleanliness, location and quality of sleep, and those that were less relevant were the value for money, the rooms and the service. The most dominant emotion is joy, followed by an analytical response. Negative emotions, such as sadness and anger, were not found very often in the online reviews. These results could be explained by the quality of the service, the kindness of the staff, the facilities for children, the entertainment, and the location, attributes that were often highlighted in the comments.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Demand for Information about Islet Transplantation in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Yamamoto ◽  
Masakazu Nishigaki ◽  
Naoko Kato ◽  
Michio Hayashi ◽  
Teruo Shiba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Islet Transplantation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
High Level ◽  
Source Of Information

This cross-sectional study based on self-administrated questionnaire was conducted to investigate knowledge, related factors, and sources of information regarding islet transplantation in patients with type 1 diabetes in Japan. Among 137 patients who provided valid responses, 67 (48.9%) knew about islet transplantation. Their main source of information was newspapers or magazines (56.7%) and television or radio (46.3%). However, 85.8% of patients preferred the attending physician as their source of information. Although more than half of the patients were correctly aware of issues related to islet transplantation, the following specific issues for islet transplantation were not understood or considered, and there was little knowledge of them: need for immunosuppressants, lifestyle and dietary adaptations, fewer bodily burdens, and complications. The experience of hypoglycaemia, a high level of academic background, frequent self-monitoring of blood glucose, and the use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion were related to higher knowledge about islet transplantation.

Young People, Pornography, And Sexuality: Sources And Attitudes

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 290-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gudrun Wallmyr ◽  
Catharina Welin
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Common Reason ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Factual Information ◽  
Source Of Information

The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of and attitudes among young people toward pornography and their sources of information about sexuality. Eight hundred and seventy-six young people ages 15–25 years (555 females and 321 males) who visited a youth center in Sweden for a period of 1 year answered a questionnaire about their use of pornography, their attitudes toward pornography, and sources of information about sexuality. Although most had seen pornographic movies, the youngest boys reported viewing the most pornography. The male participants reported that the most common reason they viewed pornography was to get aroused and to masturbate, whereas the female participants stated that they viewed pornography out of curiosity. The most frequent source of information about sexuality was peers. These results illustrate the importance of sex education to give factual information about sexuality and to counteract the messages about sexuality presented in pornography.

scholarly journals The Billion Prices Project: Using Online Prices for Measurement and Research

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Cavallo ◽  
Roberto Rigobon
Keyword(s):  
Price Index ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
Price Indexes ◽  
Retail Prices ◽  
Project Data ◽  
Source Of Information

A large and growing share of retail prices all over the world are posted online on the websites of retailers. This is a massive and (until recently) untapped source of retail price information. Our objective with the Billion Prices Project, created at MIT in 2008, is to experiment with these new sources of information to improve the computation of traditional economic indicators, starting with the Consumer Price Index. We also seek to understand whether online prices have distinct dynamics, their advantages and disadvantages, and whether they can serve as reliable source of information for economic research. The word “billion” in Billion Prices Project was simply meant to express our desire to collect a massive amount of prices, though we in fact reached that number of observations in less than two years. By 2010, we were collecting 5 million prices every day from over 300 retailers in 50 countries. We describe the methodology used to compute online price indexes and show how they co-move with consumer price indexes in most countries. We also use our price data to study price stickiness, and to investigate the “law of one price” in international economics. Finally we describe how the Billion Prices Project data are publicly shared and discuss why data collection is an important endeavor that macro- and international economists should pursue more often.

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