The carnival is not over: Cultural resistance in dementia care

Within the still-dominant medical discourse on dementia, disorders of language feature prominently among diagnostic criteria. In this view, changes in ability to produce or understand coherent speech are considered to be an inevitable result of neuropathology. Alternative psychosocial accounts of communicative challenges in dementia exists, but to date, little emphasis has been placed on people with dementia as social actors who create meaning and context from their social interactions. In this article we draw on Bakhtin’s concepts of the carnivalesque, heteroglossia, polyphony and dialogism to analyse a series of interactions involving people with dementia in day and residential care environments. We argue that many of the communicative challenges faced by people with dementia arise from the social environments in which they find themselves, and that the utterances of people with dementia in the face of these social challenges show many of the hallmarks of cultural resistance identified by Bakhtin.

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C2C value co-creation through social interactions in tourism

10.26686/wgtn.13946654 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ina Reichenberger

Keyword(s):

Social Interactions ◽

Social Practice ◽

Customer Value ◽

Social Situation ◽

Influential Factors ◽

Personal Factors ◽

Situation Analysis ◽

Social Actors ◽

The Social ◽

Depth Interviews

Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. This paper examines the social practice of customer-to-customer value co-creation in tourism contexts by considering visitor–visitor interactions, their manifestations, influential factors, and types of resulting value using extended social situation analysis. On the basis of 76 qualitative in-depth interviews, results show that value co-creation is not necessarily dependent upon the underlying social interactions but predominantly influenced by personal factors and attitudes towards sociability. The stronger the focus on other social actors is and the longer and more personal the social interactions are, the more complex and multilayered is the co-created perceived value.

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Avoiding interactional conflict in dementia

Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict ◽

10.1075/jlac.4.1.01gue ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 8-34

Author(s):

Jackie Guendouzi ◽

Ashley Meaux ◽

Nicole Müller

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

General Population ◽

Small Talk ◽

People With Dementia ◽

The Social ◽

The Face ◽

Tag Questions ◽

Gender Based ◽

Social Use

Sociolinguistic research in the general population has established the existence of gender differences in the social use of language. In particular, it has been noted that women use more markers of politeness, small talk and structural devices (e.g. minimal responses, tag questions) to help maintain their conversations. Analysis of interactions involving people with dementia (PWD) suggests that these gender based differences were still present in the face of dementia. Furthermore, the use of these forms of language helped the women with dementia to avoid conflict and extend the length of their interactions. This study investigated whether the use of such language helped or hindered women with dementia in maintaining conversational satisfaction.

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From neoliberal disembedding to authoritarian re-embedding: The making of illiberal hegemony in Hungary

International Sociology ◽

10.1177/0268580920930591 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 721-738 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gábor Scheiring ◽

Kristóf Szombati

Keyword(s):

Blue Collar ◽

The Political ◽

Right Wing ◽

Social Actors ◽

Blue Collar Workers ◽

Authoritarian Populism ◽

Domestic Capital ◽

The Social ◽

The Face ◽

Ruling Party

This article presents and empirically substantiates a theoretical account explaining the making and stabilisation of illiberal hegemony in Hungary. It combines a Polanyian institutionalist framework with a neo-Gramscian analysis of right-wing hegemonic strategy and a relational class analysis inspired by the political economy tradition in anthropology. The article identifies the social actors behind the illiberal transformation, showing how ‘neoliberal disembedding’ fuelled the rightward shift of constituencies who had erstwhile been brought into the fold of liberal hegemony: blue-collar workers, post-peasants and sections of domestic capital. Finally, the article describes the emergence of a new regime of accumulation and Fidesz’s strategy of ‘authoritarian re-embedding’, which relies on ‘institutional authoritarianism’ and ‘authoritarian populism’. This two-pronged approach has so far allowed the ruling party to stabilise illiberal hegemony, even in the face of reforms that have generated discontents and exacerbated social inequality.

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Genetic variation in social influence on mate preferences

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2013.0803 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 280 (1763) ◽

pp. 20130803 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Darren Rebar ◽

Rafael L. Rodríguez

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Social Influence ◽

Social Interactions ◽

Species Complex ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Mate Preferences ◽

Social Effects ◽

Social Environments ◽

Full Sibling ◽

The Social

Patterns of phenotypic variation arise in part from plasticity owing to social interactions, and these patterns contribute, in turn, to the form of selection that shapes the variation we observe in natural populations. This proximate–ultimate dynamic brings genetic variation in social environments to the forefront of evolutionary theory. However, the extent of this variation remains largely unknown. Here, we use a member of the Enchenopa binotata species complex of treehoppers (Hemiptera: Membracidae) to assess how mate preferences are influenced by genetic variation in the social environment. We used full-sibling split-families as ‘treatment’ social environments, and reared focal females alongside each treatment family, describing the mate preferences of the focal females. With this method, we detected substantial genetic variation in social influence on mate preferences. The mate preferences of focal females varied according to the treatment families along with which they grew up. We discuss the evolutionary implications of the presence of such genetic variation in social influence on mate preferences, including potential contributions to the maintenance of genetic variation, the promotion of divergence, and the adaptive evolution of social effects on fitness-related traits.

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Social interactions within the family enhance the capacity for evolutionary change

10.1101/115014 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

BJM Jarrett ◽

M Schrader ◽

D Rebar ◽

TM Houslay ◽

RM Kilner

Keyword(s):

Social Interactions ◽

Social Environments ◽

The Social ◽

The Family ◽

Selection Experiments ◽

Nicrophorus Vespilloides ◽

Classical Models ◽

In The Wild ◽

Selection For ◽

Provision Of Care

AbstractClassical models of evolution seldom predict evolution in the wild. One explanation is that the social environment has important, yet overlooked, effects on how traits change in response to natural selection. We tested this idea with selection experiments on burying beetles (Nicrophorus vespilloides), sub-social insects that exhibit biparental care. Populations responded to selection for larger adults only when parents cared for their offspring, and responded to selection for smaller adults only when we prevented parents from providing care. Comparative analyses revealed a similar pattern: evolutionary increases in species size within the genus Nicrophorus are associated with the obligate provision of care. Synthesising our results with previous studies, we suggest that cooperative social environments enhance the response to selection whereas conflict can prevent further directional selection.

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C2C value co-creation through social interactions in tourism

10.26686/wgtn.13946654.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ina Reichenberger

Keyword(s):

Social Interactions ◽

Social Practice ◽

Customer Value ◽

Social Situation ◽

Influential Factors ◽

Personal Factors ◽

Situation Analysis ◽

Social Actors ◽

The Social ◽

Depth Interviews

Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. This paper examines the social practice of customer-to-customer value co-creation in tourism contexts by considering visitor–visitor interactions, their manifestations, influential factors, and types of resulting value using extended social situation analysis. On the basis of 76 qualitative in-depth interviews, results show that value co-creation is not necessarily dependent upon the underlying social interactions but predominantly influenced by personal factors and attitudes towards sociability. The stronger the focus on other social actors is and the longer and more personal the social interactions are, the more complex and multilayered is the co-created perceived value.

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Friendships and the social environments of people with dementia: Introduction to the Special Issue

Dementia ◽

10.1177/1471301211421062 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 281-285 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kate de Medeiros ◽

Pamela A. Saunders ◽

Steven R. Sabat

Keyword(s):

Social Environments ◽

Special Issue ◽

People With Dementia ◽

The Social

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Social health in dementia care: harnessing an applied research agenda

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610217002769 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

pp. 775-778 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Myrra Vernooij-Dassen ◽

Esme Moniz-Cook ◽

Yun-Hee Jeon

Keyword(s):

Research Agenda ◽

Social Inclusion ◽

Social Research ◽

Dynamic Balance ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Dementia Care ◽

Social Health ◽

Social Environments ◽

People With Dementia ◽

The Social

The notion of social health (Huber et al., 2011) as applied to dementia care research was introduced to redress the balance of empirical studies that tended to focus on biomedical, cognitive, and functional status in dementia (Vernooij-Dassen and Jeon, 2016). The introduction of social health has followed the zeitgeist of campaigners for a better life for those living with dementia, with initiatives to improve the social images of dementia (Alzheimers.org, 2017). Examples from social research in dementia to examine friendships and the social environments of people with dementia exist (Medeiros et al., 2012), but introduction of the paradigm of social health in dementia (Vernooij-Dassen and Jeon, 2016) has harnessed a growing research agenda (de Vugt and Dröes, 2017). This paradigm provides an umbrella concept to study how social aspects influence the dynamic balance between opportunities and limitations in dementia. Social health goes beyond the neuropathology of dementia, to understand how people, their social networks and wider society with its norms, interact with the condition (Vernooij-Dassen and Jeon, 2016). It is not far removed from the ideas of Tom Kitwood, the pioneer of person-centered dementia care, who noted that “personhood is a standing or status that is bestowed upon one human being, by others, in the context of relationship and social being” (Kitwood, 1997). The INTERDEM (Early detection and timely INTERvention in DEMentia, www.interdem.org) psychosocial research agenda aspired to improve knowledge about social inclusion and reciprocal relationships for people with dementia (Moniz-Cook et al., 2011). The concept of social health (Vernooij-Dassen and Jeon, 2016) with its dimensions for dementia research (Dröes et al., 2017) has begun to develop this knowledge-base.

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Neural Implementation of Bayesian mechanisms underlying the continous trade-off between cooperation and competition

10.31234/osf.io/3e6bw ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

M. Andrea Pisauro ◽

Elsa Fouragnan ◽

Desislava Arabadzhiyska ◽

Matthew A J Apps ◽

Marios G Philiastides

Keyword(s):

Social Interactions ◽

Social Environment ◽

Social Preferences ◽

Computational Modelling ◽

Anterior Cingulate ◽

Social Orientation ◽

Social Environments ◽

Trade Off ◽

Cooperation And Competition ◽

The Social

Social interactions are not all or nothing. In some moments we are highly competitive, in others we are very cooperative, but sometimes we are somewhere in between and we constantly adjust our social orientation over time. Such a continuous spectrum of social approaches depends on both the actions favoured by the social environment and those of conspecifics. However, research examining strategic social interactions typically uses binary choices and therefore cannot consider how people shift their behaviour along a cooperation-competition continuum. Here, we use a novel economic game – the Space Dilemma – in which two players make a choice of a spatial location to indicate their degree of cooperativeness on each trial. Participants played the game across different social environments allowing us to compare their behaviour and neural responses in cooperative and competitive contexts. Using computational modelling and fMRI we show that social environments, social biases and inferences about others’ intentions shape people’s decisions about their degree of cooperativeness, in a manner consistent with a Bayesian learning model. We show that sub-regions of the brain previously linked to social cognition, including the Temporo-Parietal Junction (TPJ), dorso-medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and the anterior cingulate gyrus (ACCg), signalled features of the Bayesian model. This included context independent surprise signals in the TPJ, context dependent signals in ACCg and dmPFC when monitoring others’ changes in competitiveness, as well as signals guiding shifts along the cooperation-competition continuum in posterior dMPFC. These results highlight how the social environment, one’s own and others’ social preferences all contribute to guide the continuous trade-off between cooperation and competition.

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