The Concept of Equivalence and the Object of Translation Studies1

Target ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Koller

Abstract Regardless of the approach one uses in the study of translating and translations, it remains necessary to delimit the legitimate field of concern. I.e. translations must be identified and described sui generis as the results of a text-processing activity. From the linguistic and text-theoretical perspective this objective is fulfilled by the concept of equivalence; a translation is defined as a secondary text that stands in an equivalence relation to a primary text. The range of the equivalence-oriented approach and the possibilities it offers for systematic description and explanation of translational phenomena are, however, limited. Its problems and limitations become apparent not only in the context of historical translation research, but also whenever interest focusses upon the text-productive—i.e. ultimately creative—aspect of translation, as opposed to its reproductive aspect, i.e. the linguistic-textual relationships between languages and texts as these are deduced from regularities.

2021 ◽  
Vol XII (38) ◽  
pp. 31-50
Author(s):  
Andrea Meyer-Fraaz

The paper analyzes three translations of a fragment of Ingeborg Bachmann’s libretto for Hans Werner Henze’s ballet, The Idiot. Bachmann’s libretto is based on Dostoevsky’s novel, but it also expresses crucial themes of her own poetry, which is underlined by the fact that the text was integrated into her book of poems, Invocation of the Great Bear. Following the transfer-oriented approach of the Göttingen School of translation research, first, the semantic structure of the source text is examined, after which, the target texts are analyzed with regard to significant deviations, which are then explained against the backgrounds of literary, cultural and social-political history. The fact that Bachmann’s text refers back to Dostoevsky’s novel plays a not inconsiderable role in the choice of texts to be translated.


2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 333-351
Author(s):  
Chieh Huang

Abstract This article examines China’s compliance with World Trade Organization (WTO) law in the field of publications control from an empirical and theoretical perspective. The study of publications control — a policy field of critical concern to China’s Communist government — highlights the competing interests and ideas over ‘liberalisation’ and ‘state control’ within the Chinese leadership and within WTO circles. The article, first, describes these competing and historically shifting interests and ideas in the case of a recent landmark WTO dispute on publications control and, second, uses two apparently distinct IR theoretical approaches to explain China’s behaviour during the dispute. The article argues that neither an interest-oriented approach nor an idea-centred approach by themselves can explain Chinese political decision-making. The article proposes a combination of two particular views that help to explain the dispute examined but also China’s interactions with the WTO more generally.


2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Thafhan Muwaffaq

<p><em>Abstrak</em> - <strong>Meskipun Pramoedya Ananta Toer telah dianggap penulis fiksi prominen di lingkup kesusastraan, ternyata salah satu karyanya yang berprestasi (Cerita dari Blora) belum mendapat sorotan telaah sastra. Makalah ini mengambil satu judul cerpen dari antologi itu secara spesifik yaitu Yang sudah Hilang. Pertanyaaan yang dilontarkan di sini adalah bagaimana pembahasaan teks cerpen tersebut membangun representasi adegan referen atau model situasi. Prosesi teks semiotika kognitif digunakan di sini, khususnya prinsip moda kesadaran Chafe, untuk menghasilkan interpretasi yang memperhitungkan objektivitas dalam proses inferensial berbasis pengalaman pemaknaan. Sehubungan dengan hal itu saya berargumen pembahasaan dalam teks menghasilkan model situasi simulasi pengenangan masa lalu terfragmentasi secara introspektif dalam moda percakapan. Masa lalu yang dikenang terfragmentasi dan menghasilkan ironi dramatik. Model situasi tersebut kelihatannya lebih menampilkan elegansi Pram sebagai penulis yang bermain bahasa dan makna, ketimbang fenomena kontekstual yang terlalu lekat dengan subjektivitas.</strong></p><p><strong></strong><br /><strong><em>Kata Kunci</em> - </strong><em>Prosesi Teks Semiotika Kognitif, Model Situasi, Moda Kesadaran, Ironi Dramatic</em></p><p><strong></strong><br /><em>Abstract<strong> - </strong></em><strong>Despite the popularity of Pramoedya Ananta Toer as a promninent and controversial Indonesian literary figure, his prestigious short story anthology entitled Cerita dari Blora seems rather poorly understudied. By far, the existing literary criticism on this work provides highly contextual and subjective interpretation. This paper then is aimed to reading closely Yang Sudah Hilang, one of short story from the anthology. Question raised here is how does language of the text build representation of referent scene or situation model. This study uses cognitive semiotics text processing, an approach that takes account objective evidence and experientially-based inference. Conscious mode principle, proposed by Chafe (1994), is employed as theoretical perspective in drawing interpretation. It is argued that language in the text built a situation model wherein protagonist is simultaneously memorizing her loss and telling to readers her fragmented past in conversational mode. Moreover, despite her introspection the protagonist does not seem aware what brings her to the present moment where she is already losing important people of her life. In general, the situation model argued may be offered as a standard interpretation of Yang sudah Hilang which is far from subjectivity and derived from meaning experience triggered by language.</strong></p><p><em><strong>Keywords</strong> - Cognitive Semiotics Text Processing, Situation Model, Conscious Mode, Dramatic Irony</em></p>


Author(s):  
Nkiruka Arene ◽  
Argye E. Hillis

Abstract The syndrome of unilateral neglect, typified by a lateralized attention bias and neglect of contralateral space, is an important cause of morbidity and disability after a stroke. In this review, we discuss the challenges that face researchers attempting to elucidate the mechanisms and effectiveness of rehabilitation treatments. The neglect syndrome is a heterogeneous disorder, and it is not clear which of its symptoms cause ongoing disability. We review current methods of neglect assessment and propose logical approaches to selecting treatments, while acknowledging that further study is still needed before some of these approaches can be translated into routine clinical use. We conclude with systems-level suggestions for hypothesis development that would hopefully form a sound theoretical basis for future approaches to the assessment and treatment of neglect.


1978 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 801-811
Author(s):  
John M. Page
Keyword(s):  

Pflege ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Marit Kirkevold

Eine Übersicht der bestehenden Literatur weist auf Unsicherheiten bezüglich der spezifischen Rolle der Pflegenden in der Rehabilitation von Hirnschlagpatientinnen und -patienten hin. Es existieren zwei unterschiedliche Begrifflichkeiten für die Rolle der Pflegenden, keine davon bezieht sich auf spezifische Rehabilitationsziele oder Patientenergebnisse. Ein anfänglicher theoretischer Beitrag der Rolle der Pflege in der Genesung vom Hirnschlag wird als Struktur unterbreitet, um die therapeutischen Aspekte der Pflege im Koordinieren, Erhalten und Üben zu vereinen. Bestehende Literatur untermauert diesen Beitrag. Weitere Forschung ist jedoch notwendig, um den spezifischen Inhalt und Fokus der Pflege in der Genesung bei Hirnschlag zu entwickeln.


2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave Bartram ◽  
Robert A. Roe

Abstract. The European Diploma in Psychology defines a common European standard for the competences required to practice as a psychologist. This paper describes how that standard was developed and defined, and why it was considered important to bring together the traditional input-based specification of professional competence, in terms of curriculum and training course content, with a more outcome-oriented approach that focuses on the competences that a professional psychologist needs to demonstrate in practice. The paper addresses three specific questions. What are the competences that a psychologist should possess? Are these competences the same for all areas of practice within professional psychology? How can these competences be assessed?


2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Hines ◽  
Mark A. McDaniel ◽  
Melissa Guynn

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