ON LANGUAGE FEATURES IN TEXT SECONDARY VERBALIZATION: A COGNITIVE STYLE PARAMETER

The article describes verbal manifestations of the parameter ‘intentionality’ within the linguistic persona based on the conception of cognitive styles. The description of field-dependency/field-independency style is given. The sequence of the research is described - classifying the respondents into different poles of the given cognitive style, by using the AKT-70 technique (U. Ettrich), reading of the unknown text by the respondents, completing the given task with the subsequent verbalization of the results. The semantic-syntactic features of the secondary text verbalization by the style holders, namely such characteristics as ‘directivity’ and ‘centering/decentering’, are discussed in details. Such feature as ‘directivity’ appeared equal for both poles, while ‘centering’ is much more pronounced for the group of field-independent respondents.

Localization and Internationalization of Texts of the Media Discourse

The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the original and secondary texts of media discourse aimed at identifying the ways to localize and internationalize the verbal content of news websites. The study has been conducted on the material of news hypertexts in four languages – Russian, English, German and French, posted on the international Internet resource rt.com, Business Insider news portal, National Review newspaper, RTD Documentary Channel, L'Express journal. The authors substantiate the importance of using the terms 'localization' and 'internationalization' in translation studies to name inter-language transformations used in creating news messages, and analyze the definitions of these concepts in the frameworks of linguistics. The analysis shows that in many cases the standard translation model "source text – translation text", which presupposes a certain level of semantic equivalence, loses its relevance, since the secondary text is a new verbal product. It has been shown that the localized verbal space of the analyzed international media websites is created through the use of the following translation techniques: addition / omission of information in accordance with the pragmatic characteristics of readers, inclusion of culture-specific vocabulary in the secondary text, explication of toponyms and proper names, neutralization of imagery, omission of precision vocabulary, indication of a personal viewpoint of a secondary text's author, historical reference to allusions. It has also been revealed that internationalization of texts is performed through omission of cultural markers, addition of phrases emphasizing the view on the country "from outside", explication of toponyms, replacing proper names with generalized lexemes, as well as by indicating the positions of English-speaking countries on topical issues.

The Importance of the Lexical Paradigm of Pretext Assessment for the Formation of a Parody

The article deals with transforming the primary text into a parody - the introduction of the paradigm of critical assessment of pretext into the primary text. This paradigm is derived using the paradigmatic analysis of vocabulary, highlighting the means of the text that form a specific system of images for the reader. Parody is of particular interest for the paradigmatic analysis of vocabulary since it refers to the so-called secondary texts - texts created on the material of other texts, already available. When creating a secondary text, various elements are borrowed from the original text, such as lexemes, phrases, etc., and lexical paradigms that undergo various transformations in the secondary text. However, a paradigm in parody is inherent exclusively in texts of this type - the paradigm of critical assessment of the pretext. A critical assessment of the pretext is extremely important for forming a parody since one of its main distinguishing features is controversial to the original text. To study the role of the critical appraisal paradigm, we took parodies of A. Ivanov on the verses of E. Yevtushenko. The study of this material has shown that the paradigm of critical assessment of the pretext is inherent exclusively in parodies and is used to form the effect of distancing the reader from the original text; pretext begins to be perceived not as a text itself, but as an object for outside consideration and criticism. The explicitly expressed paradigm of critical assessment of the pretext can also be accompanied by the paradigm of comic reduction, which forms a comic effect in parody, but this paradigm in the text is optional. On the other hand, critical assessment in the text is obligatory since it is due to this paradigm that polemic is formed, obligatory for parodic texts.

Metalanguage Attitude and Syntax of Secondary Text (Poetic Parodies by A. A. Ivanov)

The problem of the metalanguage attitude (in the development of the concept of D. N. Uznadze) and the specifics of the implementation of the metalanguage attitude in parody as a secondary text at the syntactic level are considered. The relevance of the research lies in the fact that the development of the metalanguage aspect of speech activity in modern linguistics requires the concept of a metalanguage attitude. In addition, now it is necessary to understand how the metalanguage attitude is realized in the syntactic organization of secondary texts of a particular genre (in this case, parody). The novelty of the research lies in the creation of the general theory of the metalanguage attitude foundations, in substantiating the inclusion of the metalanguage attitude in the speech structure of parody, in the reconstruction of the elements of the parodist’s creative work on the syntax of both the original (primary) and his own (secondary) text. The poetic parodies of A. A. Ivanov were taken as material for the study, in which the metalanguage attitude, realized in the syntax, is placed at the service of the genre-stylistic conventions of parody, on the one hand, and the parodist’s aesthetic goal-setting, on the other. When analyzing poetic parodies of A. A. Ivanov, it was found that the syntactic realization of the metalanguage attitude is carried out on the basis of principles, operations and means. Four poetic parodies of A. A. Ivanov were subjected to detailed analysis.

KAZAKHSTANI POLITICAL INTERNET COMMENTARIES IN DERIVATIONAL AND LINGUO-PERSONALOLOGICAL ASPECTS

Development of computer networks, informational and communication technologies have had an undeniable impact on the linguistic or rather speech sphere of human life and contributed to the texts emergence of different genres. The proposed work is devoted to the study of Kazakhstani political Internet commentaries in derivational and linguo-personalological aspects. The text of a political article has a potential of derivational functioning, which is realized in the text of an online commentaryinfluenced by variable strategies and tactics. The aim of the study is to determine parameters of personal and textual generation of Kazakhstani political Internet comments. Taking as a basis for classification the parameters of the content, form and function of the secondary text, we identified the tactics of text generation within the subjective (personal) and objective (textual) strategies of textual activity. The result of text-derivatological and llinguo-personalological research showed that Kazakhstani Internet comments are dominated by a text strategy, where the most used tactics are keyword tactics and copial contenttactics.

SOMEONE ELSE’S SPEECH IN THE INTERROGATION PROTOCOL AS A TYPE OF A SECONDARY TEXT

Statement of the problem. The tasks of modern forensic linguistic expertise include solving the question of whether the text contains a negative evaluation component that characterizes a person. The qualificative, “properly human” [Shmelev, 1981, р. 5] category of assessment, which organizes the process of conflict communication, is manifested in the interrogation protocol at the lexical level within the framework of an invective utterance. For the first time, the article considers secondary invective statements as substantial inclusions in the structure of the interrogation protocol of someone else’s conflict speech. The purpose of creating such speech utterances is assessment which determines the negative attitude of the subject to the object. Secondary invective statements are examined from the point of view of their formal content structure, as well as ways of their representation in the text of the interrogation protocol. The purpose of the article is to study the features of reproduction of someone else’s conflict speech in the interrogation protocol as a secondary speech genre. The material of the study was the interrogation protocols compiled by officials during the preliminary investigation of criminal cases about insulting a representative of the authorities or contempt of court. The research methods used are general scientific research methods (observations, comparisons, descriptions), as well as methods of semantic, functional, component and propositional analysis.

TOWARDS LINGUISTIC PARAMETERS OF FIELD DEPENDENCE/FIELD INDEPENDENCE COGNITIVE STYLE

Анализируются характеристики параметров языковой личности на основе концепции когнитивных стилей. Дается детальное описание стиля «полезависимость/поленезависимость» и методики выявления полюсов этого стиля. Исследуются языковые реализации текстовой репродуктивной деятельности респондентов. Рассмотрен экспонентный уровень языковой личности - семантикосинтаксические особенности вторичной вербализации текста носителями данного когнитивного стиля. The article describes parameters of the linguistic persona within the concept of cognitive styles. The opposite poles of the field-dependency style continuum are characterized, as well as the techniques of detecting respondent belonging to the poles. The author characterizes language manifestations of the respondent textual reproduction activities. The exponential level of the linguistic persona is described from the angle of the semantic-syntactic features of the secondary text verbalization by the style holders.

Communicative-syntactic model of teaching precis writing of English scientific texts in a non-core university

An important condition for the formation of foreign language professional communicative competence is the development of a skill of precis writing. Annotation of scientific texts suggests a strong command to determine communicative and semantic structure of the text. However, this process is complicated by information saturation of a scientific text, which on the level of linguistic interpretation manifests in a high frequency of syntactic constructs with complex communicative and semantic structure. Using the example of one of such structures (sentences with gerundive turn as an adverbial), the author examines the peculiarities of teaching the aspects of precis writing, which are related to the analysis of semantic structure of the text and develop the following skills: the ability to determine communicative significance of thematic sequence that ensure logical-semantic integrity of the text, as well as ability to segment the English sentence considering its syntactic specificities and interaction with semantic structure of the text. The proposed model of teaching of the discursive aspects of precis writing is focused on the necessity to form the skill of integration of knowledge regarding the peculiarities of linguistic interpretation of local and global connectedness of the scientific text for determination of most important elements of its content and further creation of logically organized and connected secondary text.

Pragmatics of the Secondary Text: Vlas Doroshevich as Mr. Ivan Ivanovich Ivanov

The article analyzes the behavioral patterns (gestures, roles, scripts) and texts of Vlas Doroshevich (in particular, articles and essays by Doroshevich written him about V. P. Burenin, A. I. Herzen, D. L. Mordovtsev). One of the most famous books during the life of the writer “The Way of the Cross” (1915) is almost forgotten today. However, historians and literary historians still study his book “Sakhalin. Hard Labour” (1903). Being a contemporary of A. P. Chekhov, Vlas Doroshevich, who lived after him for almost 20 years, repeatedly turned to the life history of his contemporary, recognized as a genius during his lifetime. In such an appeal, one can see not only the performance of newspaper and journal work due to the commercialization of literary work, but also life-creating practices. One of the most obvious practices is a trip to Sakhalin and a description of travel experiences in a book. On the material of essays, feuilletons, memories that were written by Doroshevich for the Sutin’s ‘Russian word’ this patterns are investigated. Firstly, it’s self-representation as Famous Other (often Genius). So Doroshevich wrote about Chekhov, however, most of the information is not related to the life and work of Chekhov, but closely connected to the life and work of Doroshevich. Secondly journalistic fiction filled the voids. The automatism of this type of writing is already exposed at the level of headings, among which the majority are built according to the unified model of ‘Chekhov and X’: Chekhov and Maupassant, Chekhov and criticism, Chekhov and Sakhalin, Chekhov and Suvorin, Chekhov and the title of writer, Chekhov and Marx, Chekhov and the stage, Chekhov, Tolstoy and Gorky. The last text, replicating the narrative model, chosen in the feuilleton Chekhov and Suvorin: X was very fond of Y, as Y was very fond of X. Thirdly, Doroshevich has not only parodied contemporaries, but also parodied himself. Thus “Memories of Chekhov” deceive the expectations of readers. The narrator Ivan Ivanovich Ivanov writes his text as Doroshevich himself wrote about Chekvov several years before. Lastly, pragmatics of Doroshevich'es texts is conceptualized in the pattern Simeon, who did not live to see the Christ. Doroshevich used this idiom when he's speaking about forgotten Russian writer Daniil Mordovtsev. Mordovtsev was so-called ‘little man’ of Russian literature. Doroshevich did not want to be the same, so Chekhov’s symbolic capital needed him as a way to change his own life, endow it with new, albeit secondary, meanings.