Rhinocyllus conicus: initial evaluation and subsequent ecological impacts in North America.

AbstractIn the field in Europe, Lenta cyanella (L.) has been reported to breed only on Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) whereas in the laboratory it breeds on species in the genera Cirsium, Carduus, and Silybum. In one laboratory choice test, L. cyanella preferred Cirsium drummondii T.&G. over Canada thistle. In one field-cage test, it concentrated feeding and oviposition on one C. drummondii which thrived in preference to three other C. drummondii and Canada thistle which grew poorly. In a second field-cage test, Canada thistle predominated and L. cyanella fed and oviposited most on Canada thistle although its intrinsic preference for C. drummondii was still apparent. A review of the field host-plants of three accidentally introduced thistle-feeding insects, Orellia ruficauda (F.), Cleonus piger Scop, and Cassida rubiginosa Müller, and the introduced biocontrol agent Rhinocyllus conicus Froel., showed that these insects, which have a wider range of hosts than has L. cyanella, concentrate breeding on introduced species of Cynareae (Compositae). Based on this evidence, it is extrapolated that L. cyanella will exploit Canada thistle and will not damage populations of native Cirsium species when established in North America.

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Introduced Japanese burrowing cricket (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Velarifictorus (Velarifictorus) micado) range continues to expand in North America

Journal of Orthoptera Research ◽

10.3897/jor.27.29067 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 177-181 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

David E. Bowles

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

North America ◽

Great Plains ◽

Ecological Impacts ◽

Data Sources ◽

Eastern United States ◽

Remote Areas ◽

Public Data ◽

Human Habitation ◽

Northern United States

Japanese burrowing cricket, Velarifictorus (Velarifictorus) micado (Saussure, 1877), was introduced into the eastern United States in 1959 and has since increased its distributional range to include the eastern Great Plains and the northern United States. Although generally thought of as an urban species associated with human habitation, some specimens are now being captured in more remote areas, which is attributed to this species sometimes being macropterous and dispersing through flight. Public data sources such as BugGuide and iNaturalist were found to be sound, passive tools for identifying the expanding range of this species in the Americas. Collection and observation in atypical habitats suggest that potential ecological impacts may be occurring.

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The Ecological Impacts of Outdoor Recreation on Mountain Areas in Europe and North America

Mountain Research and Development ◽

10.2307/3673347 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 95

Author(s):

Martin Price ◽

N. G. Bayfield ◽

G. C. Barrow

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Outdoor Recreation ◽

Ecological Impacts ◽

Mountain Areas

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Discovery of Trichoferus campestris (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Ontario, Canada and first host record in North America

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/tce.2013.61 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 146 (1) ◽

pp. 111-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Erin Bullas-Appleton ◽

Troy Kimoto ◽

Jean J. Turgeon

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Invasive Alien Species ◽

Host Record ◽

Ecological Impacts ◽

Acer Platanoides ◽

Eastern Asia ◽

Inspection Agency ◽

Norway Maple ◽

Canadian Food Inspection Agency ◽

Post Entry

AbstractIntroductions of some forest invasive alien species result in important economic, environmental, and ecological impacts. One approach used by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency to improve the detection of these species is to collect logs from trees in declining health at high risk sites of introduction and to incubate them to obtain insects, if present. Trichoferus campestris (Faldermann) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) adults emerged, and live larvae were extracted, from one of two logs taken from a dying Norway maple, Acer platanoides Linnaeus (Sapindaceae), in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. In its native range, eastern Asia, this beetle is polyphagous, however, in North America there is no host record despite numerous interceptions of larvae in wood packaging material and captures of adults at various post-entry sites. An examination of the feeding damage caused by T. campestris in that maple suggests this insect is not a primary pest of trees in Ontario.

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A review of the ecological effects of European Common Reed (Phragmites australis) on fishes and fish habitat in North America

Journal of Student Science and Technology ◽

10.13034/jsst.v11i1.294 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Emillie Elizabeth Rose

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Phragmites Australis ◽

Water Availability ◽

Fish Habitat ◽

Common Reed ◽

Ecological Impacts ◽

Native Plant ◽

Wetland Plant ◽

Native Plant Species ◽

Native Fishes

The invasive European Common Reed (Phragmites australis), first established in North America in the early 1900’s, is now a dominant emergent aquatic plant in many coastal and inland wetlands. A review of the literature was conducted to evaluate the extent of ecological impacts on fishes and their habitat, such as changes in the composition and abundance of native fishes and wetland plants, and alterations to water availability and substrate. The review indicated that a reduction in the abundance of native fishes was common (54.54% of studies), as were impacts to fish habitat (e.g., 54.54% of studies documented a change in wetland plant composition). Many studies were conducted in the eastern and northern United States, which showed that the abundance of juvenile and larval fishes was significantly lower in marshes dominated by P. australis, relative to those dominated by native plant species (Spartina alterniflora); however, changes to wetland plant abundance and composition, water availability, water temperature, nutrient cycling, substrate, reproduction and spawning, genetics of native fishes, and general food web effects were also observed. These results indicate that P. australis poses numerous ecological impacts to the structure and function of wetland habitats, with implications for the ongoing productivity of aquatic ecosystems.

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Retrievals of Aerosol Optical Depth and Spectral Absorption From DSCOVR EPIC

Frontiers in Remote Sensing ◽

10.3389/frsen.2021.645794 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

Author(s):

Alexei Lyapustin ◽

Sujung Go ◽

Sergey Korkin ◽

Yujie Wang ◽

Omar Torres ◽

...

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Aerosol Optical Depth ◽

Optical Depth ◽

Spectral Range ◽

Single Scattering ◽

Dust Storms ◽

Initial Evaluation ◽

Spectral Absorption ◽

Wildfire Smoke ◽

Good Agreement

A new algorithm is described for joint retrievals of the aerosol optical depth and spectral absorption from EPIC observations in the UV—Vis spectral range. The retrievals are illustrated on examples of the wildfire smoke events over North America, and dust storms over greater Sahara region in 2018. An initial evaluation of single scattering albedo (SSA) at 443 nm over these regions shows a good agreement with AERONET data, generally within the uncertainty of AERONET SSA of ± 0.03. A particularly good agreement is achieved for dust with R~0.62, rmse~0.02, negligible bias, and 85% points within the expected error. This new capability is part of version 2 MAIAC EPIC algorithm. The v2 algorithm has recently completed reprocessing of the EPIC record covering the period of 2015–2020.

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Post-harvest slash burning in coniferous forests in North America: A review of ecological impacts

Forest Ecology and Management ◽

10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119251 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 493 ◽

pp. 119251

Author(s):

Christine M. Mott ◽

Richard W. Hofstetter ◽

Anita J. Antoninka

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Ecological Impacts ◽

Coniferous Forests ◽

Post Harvest ◽

Slash Burning

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Heterogeneous snowpack response and snow drought occurrence across river basins of northwestern North America under 1.0°C to 4.0°C global warming

Climatic Change ◽

10.1007/s10584-021-02968-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 164 (3-4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rajesh R. Shrestha ◽

Barrie R. Bonsal ◽

James M. Bonnyman ◽

Alex J. Cannon ◽

Mohammad Reza Najafi

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

North America ◽

Snow Water Equivalent ◽

Climate Model ◽

Regional Climate ◽

River Basins ◽

Large River ◽

Ecological Impacts ◽

Temperature And Precipitation ◽

Northwestern North America

AbstractAnthropogenic climate change is affecting the snowpack freshwater storage, with socioeconomic and ecological impacts. We present an assessment of maximum snow water equivalent (SWEmax) change in large river basins of the northwestern North America region using the Canadian Regional Climate Model 50-member ensemble under 1.0 °C to 4.0 °C global warming thresholds above the pre-industrial period. The projections indicate steep SWEmax decline in the warmer coastal/southern basins (i.e., Skeena, Fraser and Columbia), moderate decline in the milder interior basins (i.e., Peace, Athabasca and Saskatchewan), and either a small increase or decrease in the colder northern basins (i.e., Yukon, Peel, and Liard). A key factor for these spatial differences is the proximity of winter mean temperature to the freeze/melt threshold, with larger SWEmax declines for the basins closer to the threshold. Using the random forests machine-learning model, we find that the SWEmax change is primarily temperature controlled, especially for warmer basins. Further, under a categorical framework of below-normal SWEmax defined as snow drought (SD), we find that above-normal temperature and precipitation are the dominant conditions for SD occurrences under higher global warming thresholds. This implies a limited capacity of precipitation increase to compensate the temperature-driven snowpack decline. Additionally, the frequency and severity of SD occurrences are projected to be most extreme in the southern basins where current water demands are highest. Overall, the results of this study, including insights on snowpack changes, their climatic controls, and the framework for SD classification, are applicable for basins spanning a range of hydro-climatological regimes.

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