Rural finance and aquaculture.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
The Self ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Rural Poor ◽  
Rural Finance ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Employment Sector ◽  
Rural Aquaculture ◽  
Lending Institutions ◽  
Micro Credit

Abstract The aquaculture sector in Bangladesh has made an enormous and often under-recognized contribution to the well being of the nation; around 2 million t of food fish are produced for local consumption and export earnings. The sector is in transition from subsistence to a commercially oriented sector. Financing of aquaculture and other aquaculture-related activities has not yet attracted enough interest from banks and other money lending institutions in Bangladesh. To ensure the necessary credit flow to the aquaculture sector for dynamic growth, an annual programme-based credit monitoring support has been necessary. The rural aquaculture financial system is fragmented and does not meet the lending and saving needs of the rural poor. Commercial banks and other financial institutions have not responded significantly to the self-employment initiatives of the rural poor and to small-scale aquaculture farmers. The large numbers of micro-credit operating NGOs have played an important role in aquaculture with remarkable success. The disbursement and recovery of micro-credit support by NGOs in the self-employment sector is about twice as large as the disbursement of aquaculture credit by banks (BB, 2003).

Staying in or switching between permanent, temporary and self-employment during 2008–2010: Associations with changing job characteristics and emotional exhaustion

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Bernhard-Oettel ◽  
Constanze Leineweber ◽  
Hugo Westerlund
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Job Characteristics ◽  
The Self ◽  
Temporary Workers ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Economic Downturns ◽  
Before And After

Labour market segmentation theories suggest that permanent and temporary workers are exposed to economic risks to different degrees, and differ in their working life quality and well-being. However, few studies have tested these ideas during times of economic crisis. Also, little is known about how the self-employed compare to permanent and temporary workers and are affected by economic downturns. This study investigated Swedish workers in different labour market segments before and after the financial crisis (2008 and 2010). More specifically, it looked at job characteristics and strain differences between permanent, temporary and self-employed workers. Data ( N = 6335) came from SLOSH, a longitudinal representative cohort study of the Swedish workforce. Contradicting segmentation theories, differences between permanent and temporary workers were small. The self-employed stood out with favourable job characteristics, but comparable strain levels. During the crisis, work demands and strain declined for many of the workers studied here.

scholarly journals The relationship between financial distress and well-being: Exploring the role of self-employment

2020 ◽  
pp. 026624262096538
Author(s):  
Jenny Berrill ◽  
Damien Cassells ◽  
Martha O’Hagan-Luff ◽  
André van Stel
Keyword(s):  
Financial Distress ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Econometric Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
The Relationship

This article investigate the relationship between financial distress, well-being and employment status. Using several indicators of financial distress and of well-being, our econometric analysis shows that the negative association between financial distress and well-being is moderated by employment status in the sense that financial problems are more strongly associated with poor well-being for the self-employed compared to the wage-employed. Hence, when self-employed workers find themselves in a situation of financial distress, the negative consequences for their well-being are more severe. This is found to hold both for the self-employed with and without employees.

scholarly journals Desired Features of a Digital Technology Tool for Self-Management of Well-Being in a Nonclinical Sample of Young People: Qualitative Study

10.2196/10067 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. e10067
Author(s):  
Camilla Babbage ◽  
Georgina Margaret Jackson ◽  
Elena Nixon
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Self ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Technology Tools

Background Adaptive coping behaviors can improve well-being for young people experiencing life stressors, while maladaptive coping can increase vulnerability to mental health problems in youth and into adulthood. Young people could potentially benefit from the use of digital technology tools to enhance their coping skills and overcome barriers in help-seeking behaviors. However, little is known about the desired digital technology use for self-management of well-being among young people in the general population. Objective This is a small, qualitative study aimed at exploring what young people desire from digital technology tools for the self-management of their well-being. Methods Young people aged 12-18 years were recruited from the general community to take part in semistructured interviews. Recorded data from the interviews were transcribed and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Results In total, 14 participants were recruited and completed the study, with a mean age of 14.6 years (female n=3). None of the participants reported using any digital tools specifically designed to manage well-being. However, as indicated through the emerged themes, young people used digital technology to reduce their stress levels and manage their mood, mainly through games, music, and videos. Overall, identified themes showed that young people were keen on using such tools and desired certain facets and features of an ideal tool for self-management of well-being. Themes related to these facets indicated what young people felt a tool should do to improve well-being, including being immersed in a stress-free environment, being uplifting, and that such a tool would direct them to resources based on their needs. The feature-based themes suggested that young people wanted the tool to be flexible and enable engagement with others while also being sensitive to privacy. Conclusions The young people interviewed in this study did not report engaging with digital technology specialized to improving well-being but instead used media already accessed in their daily lives in order to self-manage their psychological states. As a result, the variety of coping strategies reported and digital tools used was limited to the resources that were already being used for recreational and social purposes. These findings contribute to the scarce research into young people’s preferred use of digital technology tools for the self-management of their well-being. However, this was a small-scale study and the current participant sample is not representative of the general youth population. Therefore, the results are only tentative and warrant further investigation.

scholarly journals Workplace Situation and Well-Being of Ecuadorian Self-Employed

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1892
Author(s):  
Nuria Ceular-Villamandos ◽  
Virginia Navajas-Romero ◽  
Lorena Caridad y López del Río ◽  
Lucia Zita Zambrano-Santos
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
The Self ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Workplace Satisfaction ◽  
Labor Control ◽  
Job Demand ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Demand Control ◽  
Psychological Demands

Due to novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), the labor market is going to undergo a profound restructuring. The creation of a new labor paradigm by all stakeholders is essential. This document contributes to the current political and social debates about self-employment, the need for economic growth, and how these labor measures, which are deeply institutionalized, need a change of attitude for an adequate job reconstruction in terms of welfare and sustainability. Currently, policy makers are proposing actions and policies because the new labor paradigm is being designed in the countries of Latin America. This research aims to analyze the JDCS model (Job Demand-Control-Support) and well-being in the self-employed in Ecuador. Unlike previous studies, this research takes a comprehensive approach by considering this theoretical model and the figure of the self-employed in terms of well-being. The logistic model, using cases of more than one thousand workers, generated estimated results that indicate the existence of a significant effect of physical and psychological demands at work on the balance between well-being and the management of angry clients; the speed of execution; and the complexity of the tasks. Regarding labor control, the ability to solve problems and make decisions for the company are detected as influencing factors; finally, social support is another factor influencing global well-being for the self-employed. These results show that with an effective management of the self-employed labor environment, it is possible to achieve an adequate level of workplace satisfaction.

scholarly journals Desired Features of a Digital Technology Tool for Self-Management of Well-Being in a Nonclinical Sample of Young People: Qualitative Study (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Babbage ◽  
Georgina Margaret Jackson ◽  
Elena Nixon
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Self ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Technology Tools

BACKGROUND Adaptive coping behaviors can improve well-being for young people experiencing life stressors, while maladaptive coping can increase vulnerability to mental health problems in youth and into adulthood. Young people could potentially benefit from the use of digital technology tools to enhance their coping skills and overcome barriers in help-seeking behaviors. However, little is known about the desired digital technology use for self-management of well-being among young people in the general population. OBJECTIVE This is a small, qualitative study aimed at exploring what young people desire from digital technology tools for the self-management of their well-being. METHODS Young people aged 12-18 years were recruited from the general community to take part in semistructured interviews. Recorded data from the interviews were transcribed and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS In total, 14 participants were recruited and completed the study, with a mean age of 14.6 years (female n=3). None of the participants reported using any digital tools specifically designed to manage well-being. However, as indicated through the emerged themes, young people used digital technology to reduce their stress levels and manage their mood, mainly through games, music, and videos. Overall, identified themes showed that young people were keen on using such tools and desired certain facets and features of an ideal tool for self-management of well-being. Themes related to these facets indicated what young people felt a tool should do to improve well-being, including being immersed in a stress-free environment, being uplifting, and that such a tool would direct them to resources based on their needs. The feature-based themes suggested that young people wanted the tool to be flexible and enable engagement with others while also being sensitive to privacy. CONCLUSIONS The young people interviewed in this study did not report engaging with digital technology specialized to improving well-being but instead used media already accessed in their daily lives in order to self-manage their psychological states. As a result, the variety of coping strategies reported and digital tools used was limited to the resources that were already being used for recreational and social purposes. These findings contribute to the scarce research into young people’s preferred use of digital technology tools for the self-management of their well-being. However, this was a small-scale study and the current participant sample is not representative of the general youth population. Therefore, the results are only tentative and warrant further investigation.

scholarly journals Self-Employment in Times of Crisis: The Case of the Spanish Financial Crisis

Economies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Sergio A. Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Employment Sector ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Using Data

While some researchers have suggested that the self-employment (SE) sector is a haven during a financial crisis, others believe that SE is not necessarily the desired outcome, but an indicator that the labor market is tightening for some groups. Few researchers have compared the SE sector before and after the occurrence of a significant financial crisis, especially in developed countries. This paper analyzes the determinants of entry into self-employment during the 2008 Spanish Crisis. Using data from the Encuesta de Presupuesto Familiar (EPF), results show that although the rate of SE did not experience a significant change during this time, the crisis affected people differently based on gender, with females being more affected than males. Results also suggest differences between Comunidades Autonomas in how the self-employment sector behaved during the crisis.

scholarly journals Self-Employment in Times of Crisis: The Case of the Spanish Financial Crisis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Employment Sector ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Using Data

While some researchers have suggested that the self-employment (SE) sector is a haven during a financial Crisis, others believe that SE is not necessarily the desired outcome, but an indicator that the labor market is tightening for some groups. Few researchers have compared the SE sector before and after the occurrence of a significant financial Crisis, especially in developed countries. This paper analyzes the determinants of entry into self-employment during the 2008 Spanish Crisis. Using data from the Encuesta de Presupuesto Familiar (EPF), results show that although the rate of SE did not experience a significant change during this time the Crisis affected people differently based on gender, with being females more affected than males. Results also suggest differences between Comunidades Autonomas in how the self-employment sector behaved during the Crisis.

TAX FOR THE SELF-EMPLOYED: PROS AND CONS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S. Hasanova ◽  
R.R. Hatueva ◽  
A.L. Arsaev
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
The State ◽  
The Self ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Crisis Conditions ◽  
Part Time Work

This article discusses the pros and cons of applying professional income tax. Professional income tax is not mandatory, but an alternative way to pay 2 taxes on self-employment or part-time work. The introduction of this tax can mediate an increase in revenues to the state budget, which is of particular importance for the country in post-crisis conditions.

Heterogenizing and Enriching the Self

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert J. M Hermans
Keyword(s):  
Communication Channels ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Self ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Dynamic Relationship

A central feature of a democratic self is its heterogeneity, expressed in its diversity of positions and richness of experience. Heterogeneity is explored by examining three phenomena: the multiplicity of subjective well-being; the polarity between shadow and shining positions in the self; and the dynamic relationship between comfort, challenge and danger zones in the self-space. The existence of shadow positions is elaborated by a discussion of scapegoating and the construction of an enemy image. Furthermore, the concepts of homophily and heterophily are compared. Homophily refers to the finding that contact between similar people occurs at a higher rate than among dissimilar people. Heterophily refers to the tendency to communicate with people who are dissimilar to one’s own views, values, and experiences. Enlarging the communication channels between I-positions requires both tendencies, because homophily facilitates efficiency of communication, while heterophily stimulates innovation.

Misapplication and Individuality

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
The Self ◽  
Institutional Constraints ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Paternalistic Intervention

This chapter critically examines two of John Stuart Mill’s consequentialist objections to paternalism: that paternalistic authority is likely to be misapplied or abused and that intervention in the self-regarding sphere threatens individuality and self-development. It is argued here that both objections can be resisted. Concerns about misapplication and abuse pose no challenge to intervention that is likely to succeed in achieving its benevolent aims, and attempts to avoid this problem by construing Mill’s arguments in rule-consequentialist terms are unconvincing. Concerns about Millian individuality or self-development leave considerable room for justified paternalism, both because individuality is not the only component of well-being and because paternalistic intervention can sometimes promote individuality. Mill’s arguments may show that there ought to be some institutional constraints on the government’s ability to intervene in the self-regarding sphere, but defenders of paternalism can happily accept this result.

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