scholarly journals Effects of the amount and type of food eaten on secretion from fundic abomasal pouches of sheep

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. McLeay ◽  
D. A. Titchen
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Secretion ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Acid Output ◽  
Pyloric Antrum

1. The effects on gastric secretion of altering the amount and type of food eaten were examined in sheep with fundic abomasal pouches and in sheep which also had the antral region of the abomasum isolated into a pouch or removed (antrectomy). Secretion, which was continuous in all preparations, was collected over 24 h periods, and daily determinations of its acid and pepsin concentrations were made for periods of up to 10 weeks.2. Experimental diets consisting of chaffed lucerne, meadow and wheaten hays were fed on ad lib. or restricted regimens.3. Raising and lowering the dry matter (DM) intakes of lucerne chaff increased and decreased respectively the volume, acidity and acid and pepsin outputs (volume x concentration of acid or pepsin) of fundic pouch secretion.4. Increases of 27–64% in the amount of lucerne chaff eaten, after changing from restricted to ad lib. feeding, were followed by increases in the volume (19–66%), acid concentration (4–10 mequiv. H+/l, 3–9%) and acid output (18–76%) of pouch secretion.5. With DM intakes of mixed lucerne and wheaten chaffs between 88 and 107% of those of lucerne, the secretion from the pouches was reduced to 45–88% of the volume and 39–77% of the acid output observed with the lucerne diet. Acid concentration was least affected, being unchanged in one series of observations and decreased by, at the most, 13 mequiv. H+/l (12%) in another. Reverting to a diet of lucerne chaff reversed these effects: the volume was increased by 30–49%, acid concentration by 2–15 mequiv. H+/l (2–14%), acid output by 38–68% and pepsin output by 30–43% although the intake of DM was the same or 6% less than that on the wheaten chaff mixture.6. Secretion was greater when animals ate lucerne chaff than when they ate meadow chaff.7. The changes in secretion according to diet were obtained in animals with antral pouches and antrectomy as well as in those with only fundic pouches.8. It is argued in discussion that the markedly different abomasal secretions on different diets arise from abomasal stimulation due to the nature rather than the amount of digesta entering it and that although the pyloric antrum contributes to these changes it is not essential for their occurrence.

Basal and pentagastrin-stimulated gastric secretion in young horses

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (6) ◽  
pp. R1259-R1266
Author(s):  
M. L. Campbell-Thompson ◽  
A. M. Merritt
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Secretion ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Acid Output ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Gastric Fluid ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Secretory Rate ◽  
Young Horses ◽  
Marked Drop

Equine gastric secretion was studied using a gastric cannula model after fasting (basal) and pentagastrin infusion. Gastric secretory rate, pH, osmolality, and electrolyte concentrations and outputs were determined over a 5-h period. Dose-response tests estimated that the maximally effective intravenous dose of pentagastrin was between 3 and 6 micrograms.kg-1.h-1. Basal secretory rate was 278 +/- 29 (SE) ml/15 min, and the pH was 2.00 +/- 0.31. Pentagastrin infusion at 6 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 increased secretory rate to 533 +/- 60 ml/15 min and decreased pH to 1.41 +/- 0.11. Basal gastric acid concentration and output were 38 +/- 5 meq/l and 211 +/- 36 mu eg.kg-1.h-1, respectively. Pentagastrin increased acid concentration to 60 +/- 5 meq/l and acid output to 474 +/- 61 mu eq.kg-1.h-1. Gastric fluid osmolality remained hypotonic during both basal and pentagastrin conditions. Sodium concentration remained high in comparison with hydrogen ion concentration, and sodium output increased during pentagastrin infusion. Equine gastric secretion did not attain maximal acid concentrations nor the marked drop in pH, which has been reported for other monogastric species. These data suggest that in the horse a large nonparietal component exists that modifies parietal secretions and is increased by pentagastrin stimulation.

Effect of restraint on gastric acidity in the rat

1962 ◽  
Vol 202 (4) ◽  
pp. 812-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Brodie ◽  
Richard W. Marshall ◽  
Oscar M. Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Secretion ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Gastric Content ◽  
Free Acid ◽  
Acid Output ◽  
Important Change ◽  
Gastric Fistula ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Chronic Fistula ◽  
Collection Period

Chronic gastric fistula rats were prepared by implanting stainless steel cannulas in the rumen portion of the stomachs of male Holtzman rats and gastric content was collected in both the unrestrained and restrained state. Gastric secretion in acute pylorus-ligated rats, unrestrained and restrained, was studied at the same time. Volume of gastric content, free and total acidity, and free acid output were significantly lower in the chronic fistula rats as compared to the pylorus-ligated rats in the initial 4-hr collection period. A study of 24-hr gastric content in chronic fistula rats showed that restraint produced a significant decrease in volume, a significant increase in free and total acid concentration, and no change in free acid output, while the restrained pylorus-ligated rats had a significant decrease in volume, no change in free or total acid concentration, and a significant decrease in free acid output as compared with control values. This suggests that an increase in acid concentration is an important change produced in gastric secretion by restraint stress.

Role of the Pyloric Antrum in Regulation of Gastric Secretion

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Woodward ◽  
L. R. Dragstedt
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Secretion ◽  
Pyloric Antrum

scholarly journals Release of reducing sugars from water hyacinth by thermochemical and enzymatic hydrolysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-164
Author(s):  
Jessica E. Guzmán-Pérez ◽  
◽  
Oscar J. Salinas-Luna ◽  
Ernesto Favela-Torres ◽  
Nohemi López-Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Concentration ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Thermochemical Pretreatment

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is considered a pernicious herb in many parts of the world due to its rapid growth. However, for its high content of cellulose and hemicellulose, it could be considered as raw material to produce fermentable sugars. In this work, the effect of sulfuric acid concentration by thermochemical pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis on the release of sugars from water hyacinth was evaluated. Initially, the effect of the sulfuric acid concentration from 1.5 to 9% at 120 ºC was evaluated. With 1.5%, the release of reducing sugars was 160 milligrams of reducing sugars per gram of dry matter (mg red-sug/g dm). After the thermochemical pretreatment, the enzymatic hydrolysis with the cellulase complex (NS22086) allowed obtaining a reducing sugars concentration up to 317 mg red-sug/g dm. These thermochemical and enzymatic approaches to recover reducing sugars from water hyacinth is promising and should be evaluated for bioprocess using reducing sugars as the main source of carbon, such as bioethanol production.

Secretin effect on gastrin, gastric secretion in dogs with chronic antral stimulation

1975 ◽  
Vol 228 (6) ◽  
pp. 1775-1781 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Nasca ◽  
M Mignon ◽  
L Gramatica ◽  
J-P Accary ◽  
S Bonfils
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Secretion ◽  
Acid Output ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Acid Inhibition ◽  
Plasma Gastrin ◽  
Heidenhain Pouch ◽  
Fasting Plasma

Antrocolic transposition in four dogs with Heidenhain pouch and gastrojejunostomyresulted in a marked increase in fasting plasma gastrin concentration and sustained highacid secretion, closely related to gastrin levels. A marked production of pepsin output could not be correlated with plasma gastrin. Reduction in plasma gastrin concentration was more than twofold less pronounced than the reduction in acid output for 1 and 2 U/kg-h, while the 0.5 U/kg-h no effect was noted. For both acid output and gastrin concentrations, close correlations were noted between presecretion level and remaining level upon secretin infusion. Despite the reduction in the secretory volume of the pouch, 0.5 and 1 U/kg-h of secretin induced a 1.5- and 2-fold increase in pepsin output, respectively. Two untis per kilagram-hour decreased the secretory volume as well as the pepsin output. If the physiological release of secretin in dogs does not exceed the equivalent of the lowest dose studied, our results would indicate that acid inhibition is a physiological activity of secretin, while the effect on circulating gastrin concentration seems to be phamacological.

Effect of thiamine deficiency on canine gastric secretion of acid

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie K. Lavers ◽  
Patricia A. Stefanik ◽  
Charles F. Code
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Gastric Secretion ◽  
Thiamine Deficiency ◽  
Acid Output ◽  
Nervous Stimulation ◽  
Deficiency State ◽  
Bethanechol Chloride ◽  
Secretory Capacity

A study was undertaken to determine the effect of thiamine deficiency on the hydrochloric acid output of vagally denervated gastric pouches (Heidenhain-type) and vagally innervated gastric pouches (Pavlov-type) in dogs. Responses of both types of pouches to injection of 0.05 mg of histamine/kg of body weight and the maximal secretory capacity of both types after histamine were unaltered during the deficiency state. A degree of thiamine deficiency sufficient to produce anorexia and neuritis was without effect on the secretory response of canine gastric mucosa to histamine. The hydrochloric acid output of vagally innervated pouches during nervous stimulation caused by insulin-induced hypoglycemia was drastically reduced as soon as thiamine deficiency developed, while the response to bethanechol chloride was little, if at all, affected. It is concluded that the vagal secretory mechanism participates in the general neural failure of thiamine deficiency and that this failure most likely is in the neurons of the vagal nuclei.

Inhibition of cephalic and antral phases of gastric secretion by antral chalone

1962 ◽  
Vol 202 (4) ◽  
pp. 716-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Thompson ◽  
Harvey J. Lerner ◽  
Jorge A. Tramontana
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Gastric Secretion ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Acid Secretion ◽  
Acid Output ◽  
Insulin Hypoglycemia ◽  
Heidenhain Pouch ◽  
Pavlov Pouch

The effect of antral acidification on the antral and cephalic phases of gastric secretion has been studied. Cross-transfusions were carried out between pairs of dogs in which blood from the portal vein of one dog was administered to another dog with a denervated fundic pouch. Transfusion of blood collected during acidification of the antrum resulted in a diminution of Heidenhain pouch acid secretion in response to food and to topical acetylcholine of 64% and 83%, respectively. The effect of antral acidification on gastric secretion stimulated by insulin hypoglycemia was studied in dogs prepared with Pavlov and isolated antral pouches (innervated and denervated). Irrigation of the antral pouch with .1 n hydrochloric acid resulted in a 92% decrease in Pavlov pouch acid output.

Intracisternal TRH analogue RX 77368 stimulates gastric histamine release in rats

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (4) ◽  
pp. G599-G604 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Yanagisawa ◽  
Y. Tache
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Secretion ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Acid Output ◽  
Histamine Secretion ◽  
Intracisternal Injection ◽  
Cervical Vagotomy ◽  
Hepatic Portal ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Related Increase

The influence of intracisternal injection of the stable thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analogue RX 77368 on histamine levels in gastric secretion, interstitial fluid of the fundic submucosa, and portal hepatic circulation was investigated in rats. Intracisternal injection of RX 77368 (10-300 ng) induced a dose-related increase in histamine and acid output measured in the gastric secretion of pylorus-ligated, conscious rats. Intracisternal RX 77368 (300 ng) induced within 20 min a significant twofold histamine increase in interstitial fluid sampled from dialysis fibers implanted into the fundic submucosa. Histamine levels in the hepatic portal circulation were also dose dependently increased by RX 77368 injected intracisternally (30-100 ng), whereas intravenous infusion of RX 77368 (300 ng/30 min) did not significantly modify portal histamine levels. Bilateral cervical vagotomy or atropine pretreatment prevented intracisternal RX 77368-induced rise in hepatic portal levels of histamine, whereas purified gastrin monoclonal antibody 9303, injected at a dose blocking gastrin-stimulated acid secretion, had no effect. These results indicate that RX 77368 acts in the brain to increase gastric histamine secretion through vagal-dependent, muscarinic, nongastrin-mediated mechanisms and suggest a possible role of medullary TRH in the vagal regulation of gastric histamine secretion.

Inhibition of Vagally Stimulated Gastric Acid by the Pyloric Antrum

1958 ◽  
Vol 194 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Shimizu ◽  
R. T. Morrison ◽  
R. C. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Secretion ◽  
Gastric Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Vagal Stimulation ◽  
Gastric Pouch ◽  
Pyloric Antrum ◽  
Insulin Hypoglycemia ◽  
Intestinal Origin ◽  
The Difference

It has been previously demonstrated that gastric acid production of antral and intestinal origin is inhibited by acidification of the antrum. In this experiment a vagally innervated gastric pouch (Hollander) and an excluded antral pouch were constructed in four animals, two of the antral pouches being vagally innervated and two denervated. The gastric pouches were stimulated to secrete in response to insulin hypoglycemia and the effect of acidification of the antrum tested. It was found that gastric secretion was reduced by acidification whether the antrum was denervated or not, the difference between the two being insignificant. It was concluded that the gastric acid produced in response to vagal stimulation is reduced by acidification of the antrum and that denervation of the antrum did not influence this result.

scholarly journals Agronomic traits, ensilability and nutritive value of five pearl millet cultivars grown in a Brazilian semi-arid region

2015 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. DOS SANTOS ◽  
A. L. A. NEVES ◽  
L. G. R. PEREIRA ◽  
L. E. SOLLENBERGER ◽  
J. A. S. RODRIGUES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Pearl Millet Cultivars ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

SUMMARYPearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.) could play an important role as a feed source for ruminants in arid and semi-arid zones of the world owing to its high yield and drought tolerance. The current paper assessed the agronomic characteristics, ensilability, intake and digestibility of five Brazilian pearl millet cultivars (IPA Bulk1BF, BRS 1501, CMS-03, CMS-01 and BN-2) in a typical Brazilian northeastern semi-arid climate. Forage was harvested at the dough stage of grain maturity (growth stage 86 according to the BBCH scale) and ensiled under laboratory and farm conditions. Apparent digestibility of the silages was determined using 25 Santa Inês male lambs. The cultivars CMS-01, CMS-03 and BN-2 out-performed the others in terms of dry matter (DM) and digestible DM yield/ha. At DM partitioning among plant tissues, the cultivar IPA Bulk1BF had a greater DM associated with panicles and one of the greatest concentrations of organic matter, lactic acid and in vitro dry matter digestibility among the five cultivars. The cultivar BRS 1501 had greater butyric acid concentration as well as one of the highest pH values. Silage produced from BN-2 not only contained greater acetic acid concentration, but also showed one of the greatest total volatile fatty acid concentrations. There were no differences in feed intake and digestibility of nutrients and fibre fractions across all cultivars. Silage made from BN-2 resulted in greater urinary excretion of nitrogen than those produced from BRS 1501. Under the conditions of the present study, the results obtained for production of DM and digestible dry matter, and the ratio of plant fractions, indicates the possible use of these cultivars for silage production in the Brazilian semi-arid region.

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