scholarly journals Response of male and female rats to undernutrition

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia M. Harris ◽  
R. B. Broadhurst ◽  
Diane F. Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

1. Female Wistar rats (5 and 11 weeks old) were either left intact or ovariectomized. Animals of each age- and treatment-group were either ad lib.-fed or undernourished for 4 weeks.2. The bodies of all animals were analysed for protein and fat and the weights, lipid synthesis rate and lipoprotein lipase (EC 3.1. 1.34) activity of four fat depots were determined.3. The well-nourished ovariectomized animals of both age-groups gained weight more rapidly than the well-nourished intact animals of the same age, but there was no effect of ovariectomy on body composition, lipid synthesis rate or lipoprotein lipase activity in either the well-nourished or the undernourished animals of either age-group.4. There was a greater efficiency of energy utilization found in the ovariectomized animals than in the intact animals regardless of age or nutritional status.

Maternal age, reproduction and chromosomal aberrations in Wistar derived rats

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adolf Niggeschulze ◽  
Alexander Kast
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Copulation Rate ◽  
New Compounds

The fertility of rats ranges from one to 18 months. In standard teratogenicity testing young, mature females are used which may not reflect the situation in women above 35 years old. Reproduction among different age groups of Wistar ats (strain Chbb : THOM) was compared at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 months. At least 20 virgin females were inseminated per age group. The copulation rate did not differ between the groups. From the maternal age of 12 months, the pregnancy rate was significantly decreased, from the age of 9 months, the litter values were significantly lowered and the resorption rates were increased. Maternal age did not influence the incidence of fetal variations and malformations. Additionally, the chromosomal aberration rate in the bone marrow was evaluated in male and female rats. Twelve animals of each sex were scheduled per group, and studied at the age of 1, 3, 6, 12, 15, 18, 21 or 24 months. In males, the aberration rate increased continuously from 0.18 through 3%, while in females the increase continued from 0.33 to 2.29% at 15 months old when a plateau was reached. When testing new compounds for embryotoxicity or genotoxicity in female rats, the animals should be of comparable age to man in order to avoid a misinterpretation of spontaneous abnormalities. From these studies, however, it was concluded that the use of higher age groups of female rats in teratogenicity studies would not improve the risk assessment.

scholarly journals Gender differences in doublecortin expression in the dentate gyrus of the Wistar rat during development

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
Özlem Tuğçe Çilingir Kaya ◽  
Sercan Doğukan Yıldız ◽  
Nisva Hilal Levent ◽  
Esra Bihter Gürler ◽  
Ümit Süleyman Şehirli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Males And Females

Objectives: Neurogenesis is the formation process of functional neurons from progenitor cells which continues during lifetime. Alterations in neurogenesis is associated with neurodegenerative disorders (ND). Different mechanisms underlie the ND in males and females which may be related to neurogenesis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the developmental process of neurogenesis in the hippocampus of male and female rats at different ages and shed light on the effect of gender difference on ND. Methods: Brains were obtained from 7, 14, 21 days and 3-month-old male and female Wistar rats following intracardiac perfusion and processed for immunohistochemical and immunoflorescence staining. Doublecortin protein (DCX) was used as a marker of newly-born neuroblasts to determine neurogenesis. Results: DCX immunoreactive (-ir) cells were dispersed throughout the granular and subgranular layers of DG in 7-days-old group in both genders. However, in the 14 and 21 days old groups, DCX-ir cells were observed only in the subgranular zone in the sections labelled with both immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunoflourescent (IF) methods. In all age groups, female rats had a tendency to increase in DCX immunoreactivity when compared to that of male Wistar rats. Conclusion: DCX-ir cells may be localized in different parts of DG during development. The number of newly born neurons showed a tendency to increase in female rats in all groups. Further studies are needed to understand the reason for differences in the normal developmental neurogenesis process between two genders.

scholarly journals Impact of Gender and Age on Hyperthermia-Induced Changes in Respiration of Liver Mitochondria

Medicina ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giedrė Šilkūnienė ◽  
Rasa Žūkienė ◽  
Zita Naučienė ◽  
Laima Degutytė-Fomins ◽  
Vida Mildažienė
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Inactivation ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Gender Dependence ◽  
Malate Oxidation

Aim: This study aimed to compare hyperthermia-induced changes in respiration and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in liver mitochondria derived from animals of different gender and age. Methods: The effects of hyperthermia (40–47 °C) on oxidation of different substrates and ROS production were estimated in mitochondria isolated from the liver of male and female rats of the 1–1.5, 3–4, or 6–7 months age. Results: Gender-dependent differences in response of respiration to hyperthermia were the highest at 3–4 months of age, less so at 6–7 months of age, and only minor at juvenile age. Mild hyperthermia (40–42 °C) stimulated pyruvate + malate oxidation in mitochondria of females, but inhibited in mitochondria of males in the 3–4 month age group. The resistance of mitochondrial membrane to hyperthermia was the highest at 3–4 month males, and the lowest in the 6–7 month age group. Inhibition of glutamate + malate oxidation by hyperthermia was caused by thermal inactivation of glutamate dehydrogenase. ROS generation at 37 °C was higher at 1–1.5 month of age, but the increase in ROS generation with rise in temperature in this age group was the smallest, and the strongest in 6–7 month old animals of both genders. Conclusions: The response to hyperthermia varies during the first 6–7 months of life of experimental animals: stronger gender dependence is characteristic at 3–4 months of age, while mitochondria from 6–7 months animals are less resistant to hyperthermia.

scholarly journals Hydration with Mannitol and Dextrose May Promote Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity: Test of Five Protocols of Hydration during Cisplatin Therapy in Rat Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mohammad-Sedigh Khosravi ◽  
Alireza Samimiat ◽  
Bahar Mazaheri ◽  
Farzaneh Ashrafi ◽  
Ardeshir Talebi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Solid Tumor Therapy ◽  
Cisplatin Therapy

Backgrounds. Cisplatin (CP) still is a novel choice for solid tumor therapy, but it is accompanied with the side effect of nephrotoxicity. Hydration may reduce the risk of CP-induced nephrotoxicity, while the issue is still challenging. In this study, five types of hydration protocols including saline, mannitol, dextrose saline, saline plus furosemide, and saline plus mannitol were examined in both sexes of rats during CP therapy. Methods. Seventy-six male and female Wistar rats in 14 groups of experiments were subjected to CP therapy, and five types of hydration protocols were implemented, and the induced nephrotoxicity was evaluated via biochemical markers, kidney function parameters, and pathology investigation. Results. Male and female rats had different responses to hydration protocol types. The higher mortality rate was seen in female rats that received mannitol or dextrose hydration types. In addition, the serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) and sodium excretion fraction (ENa%) increased and the clearance of Cr (ClCr) decreased significantly ( P < 0.05 ) in female rats hydrated with saline plus furosemide or mannitol plus saline-treated groups. The worsened condition in male rats is observed in the mannitol hydration group with a significant decrease of ClCr and significant increase of serum BUN and Cr and ENa% ( P < 0.05 ). The higher kidney tissue damage score (KTDS) in the mentioned groups verified the findings. Conclusion. Hydration with mannitol or dextrose promotes the risk of nephrotoxicity during CP therapy with more intensity on the female.

Sex- and age-dependent differences in the hormone and drinking responses to water deprivation

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (3) ◽  
pp. R567-R578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Quirós Cognuck ◽  
Wagner L. Reis ◽  
Marcia S. Silva ◽  
Gislaine Almeida-Pereira ◽  
Lucas K. Debarba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

Maintenance of the volume and osmolality of body fluids is important, and the adaptive responses recruited to protect against osmotic stress are crucial for survival. The objective of this work was to compare the responses that occur in aging male and female rats during water deprivation. For this purpose, groups of male and female Wistar rats aged 3 mo (adults) or 18 mo (old) were submitted to water deprivation (WD) for 48 h. The water and sodium (0.15 M NaCl) intake, plasma concentrations of oxytocin (OT), arginine vasopressin (AVP), corticosterone (CORT), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and angiotensin II (ANG II) were determined in hydrated and water-deprived animals. In response to WD, old male and female rats drank less water and saline than adults, and both adult and old females drank more water and saline than respective males. Dehydrated old animals displayed lower ANG II plasma concentration and CORT response compared with the respective normohydrated rats. Dehydrated adult males had higher plasma ANP and AVP as well as lower CORT concentrations than dehydrated adult females. Moreover, plasma OT and CORT levels of old female rats were higher than those in the dehydrated old male rats. Relative expression of ANG II type 1 receptor mRNA was decreased in the subfornical organ of adult and old male rats as well as adult female rats in response to WD. In conclusion, the study elucidated the effect of sex and age on responses induced by WD, altering the degree of dehydration induced by 48 h of WD.

Mechanism of enhanced lipolysis in adipose tissue of exercise-trained rats

1980 ◽  
Vol 239 (6) ◽  
pp. E422-E429 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bukowiecki ◽  
J. Lupien ◽  
N. Follea ◽  
A. Paradis ◽  
D. Richard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Epididymal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adipocyte Size ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
Stimulus Recognition

The effects of exercise training and food restriction on the regulation of lipolysis were studied comparatively in adipocytes isolated from male and female rats. Exercise training inhibited cell proliferation in parametrial, but not in epididymal adipose tissue, whereas it significantly reduced adipocyte size in both fat depots. Adipocyte capacity for responding lipolytically to epinephrine (10 microns) or to ACTH (1 micron) was markedly increased by exercise training. Enhanced lipolysis was also observed when cells isolated from exercise-trained animals were stimulated by bypassing with dibutyryl cyclic AMP (5 mM) or theophylline (5 mM) the early metabolic steps associated with hormonal activation of the adenylate cyclase complex. Significantly, binding of (-)-[3H]dihydroalprenolol to cellular receptor sites was not affected by exercise training. It is therefore concluded that exercise training increases adipocyte responsiveness to lipolytic hormones at a metabolic step distal to stimulus recognition by adrenoreceptors, possibly at the level of protein kinases or lipases. Food restriction markedly reduced adipocyte size and partially mimicked the effects of exercise training on adipocyte proliferation and lipolysis.

DISSOCIATION IN THE REGULATION OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE AND FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE IN A HYPERPROLACTINAEMIC RAT MODEL: INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN GONADOTROPHIN AND PROLACTIN CONTROL

1981 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. F. TRESGUERRES ◽  
A. I. ESQUIFINO
Keyword(s):  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Lh Rh ◽  
Lh Releasing Hormone

Male and female Wistar rats were made hyperprolactinaemic by grafting two pituitary glands of litter-mate donors under the kidney capsule at 30 days of age. Other animals were sham-operated at the same age to serve as controls. Plasma levels of prolactin, LH and FSH were measured by double-antibody radioimmunoassay. Basal preoperative prolactin levels of ∼ 10 ng/ml increased after the transplantation in both male and female rats, reaching values of ∼ 180 ng/ml. Levels of LH were significantly reduced in these hyperprolactinaemic rats, whereas an increase in FSH values was seen. After administration of LH releasing hormone (LH-RH) a reduced LH response was seen but there was no response of FSH to LH-RH or even a decrease in FSH values. Prolactin levels were also reduced by LH-RH injection. Although an increase in prolactin levels was observed in control animals after a challenge with oestradiol benzoate, reduced increments were seen in experimental animals. The positive feedback effect of oestradiol benzoate on LH in females was reduced in pituitary-grafted rats but a potentiation of the FSH positive feedback could be clearly detected. This study suggests a dissociation of LH and FSH regulation in hyperprolactinaemia.

CIRCADIAN FLUCTUATIONS OF SERUM HORMONE LEVELS IN PREPUBERTAL MALE AND FEMALE RATS

1976 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Döhler ◽  
W. Wuttke
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Serum Lh ◽  
Serum Hormone ◽  
Old Females

ABSTRACT Diurnal variations in serum hormone levels during 2 different stages of prepubertal development were investigated in male and female rats. Groups of 13 to 18 and 25 to 30 day old male and female rats were decapitated at 4-hour by intervals during a period of 24 h. Their blood was collected and hormones were measured by radio-immunoassay. FSH levels were constantly high in 13 to 18, but low in 25 to 30 day old females. FSH was low in younger males, and significantly higher but without diurnal fluctuations in the older males. Serum LH was low in approximately 40% of the 13 to 18 day old females, while 40% had moderately high levels, and the remaining females extremely high levels of the hormone. Most of the extremely high LH peaks were found at 15.00 h and some at 03.00 h. Older females and males of both age groups had constantly low serum LH levels. Serum oestradiol was high in males and females during days 13 to 18, but it was lower in the 25 to 30 day old animals. In the young females prolactin was slightly elevated between 15.00 h and 19.00 h, while in the males the serum prolactin fluctuations were not significant. Serum testosterone was low in females at all times. The 13 to 18 day old males had higher testosterone levels than the 25 to 30 day old males. Both groups showed slight, but insignificant fluctuations in serum testosterone. These results confirm result published previously and furthermore they demonstrate the existence of circasemedian or circadian rhythms for both the gonadotrophins and gonadal steroids. These results, also suggest that the maturation of the positive feedback action of oestradiol on gonadotrophin release in female rats occurs between day 10 and 20.

An analysis of the course of infection of Moniliformis dubius (Acanthocephala) in rats

Parasitology ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. T. Crompton ◽  
D. E. Walters
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Oral Infections ◽  
The Third ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Average Recovery Rate ◽  
Marked Decline

An analysis of the course of infection of mixed oral infections of 12 cystacanths of Moniliformis dubius in 174 male and 179 female Wistar rats has been undertaken.There was a marked decline in the average recovery rate of worms of both sexes from hosts of both sexes during the course of the infection.Female worms from both male and female rats showed, on average, a greater power of survival than male worms from the third period (10–13 weeks) onwards.Male rats were found to retain, on average, a greater number of worms of both sexes than female rats.We wish to thank Miss Susan Arnold and Mr David Barnard for excellent technical help.

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