scholarly journals Impact of Gender and Age on Hyperthermia-Induced Changes in Respiration of Liver Mitochondria

Medicina ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giedrė Šilkūnienė ◽  
Rasa Žūkienė ◽  
Zita Naučienė ◽  
Laima Degutytė-Fomins ◽  
Vida Mildažienė
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Inactivation ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Gender Dependence ◽  
Malate Oxidation

Aim: This study aimed to compare hyperthermia-induced changes in respiration and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in liver mitochondria derived from animals of different gender and age. Methods: The effects of hyperthermia (40–47 °C) on oxidation of different substrates and ROS production were estimated in mitochondria isolated from the liver of male and female rats of the 1–1.5, 3–4, or 6–7 months age. Results: Gender-dependent differences in response of respiration to hyperthermia were the highest at 3–4 months of age, less so at 6–7 months of age, and only minor at juvenile age. Mild hyperthermia (40–42 °C) stimulated pyruvate + malate oxidation in mitochondria of females, but inhibited in mitochondria of males in the 3–4 month age group. The resistance of mitochondrial membrane to hyperthermia was the highest at 3–4 month males, and the lowest in the 6–7 month age group. Inhibition of glutamate + malate oxidation by hyperthermia was caused by thermal inactivation of glutamate dehydrogenase. ROS generation at 37 °C was higher at 1–1.5 month of age, but the increase in ROS generation with rise in temperature in this age group was the smallest, and the strongest in 6–7 month old animals of both genders. Conclusions: The response to hyperthermia varies during the first 6–7 months of life of experimental animals: stronger gender dependence is characteristic at 3–4 months of age, while mitochondria from 6–7 months animals are less resistant to hyperthermia.

Maternal age, reproduction and chromosomal aberrations in Wistar derived rats

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adolf Niggeschulze ◽  
Alexander Kast
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Copulation Rate ◽  
New Compounds

The fertility of rats ranges from one to 18 months. In standard teratogenicity testing young, mature females are used which may not reflect the situation in women above 35 years old. Reproduction among different age groups of Wistar ats (strain Chbb : THOM) was compared at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 months. At least 20 virgin females were inseminated per age group. The copulation rate did not differ between the groups. From the maternal age of 12 months, the pregnancy rate was significantly decreased, from the age of 9 months, the litter values were significantly lowered and the resorption rates were increased. Maternal age did not influence the incidence of fetal variations and malformations. Additionally, the chromosomal aberration rate in the bone marrow was evaluated in male and female rats. Twelve animals of each sex were scheduled per group, and studied at the age of 1, 3, 6, 12, 15, 18, 21 or 24 months. In males, the aberration rate increased continuously from 0.18 through 3%, while in females the increase continued from 0.33 to 2.29% at 15 months old when a plateau was reached. When testing new compounds for embryotoxicity or genotoxicity in female rats, the animals should be of comparable age to man in order to avoid a misinterpretation of spontaneous abnormalities. From these studies, however, it was concluded that the use of higher age groups of female rats in teratogenicity studies would not improve the risk assessment.

Gender-dependence of hyperthermia-induced changes in respiration of rat liver mitochondria

Biologija ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasa Žūkienė ◽  
Zita Naučienė ◽  
Laima Degutytė-Fomins ◽  
Vida Mildažienė
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Rat Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Gender Dependence

scholarly journals Effects of ethanol on intraovarian nitric oxide production in the prepubertal rat

1999 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
VK Srivastava ◽  
JK Hiney ◽  
V Rettori ◽  
WL Dees
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Nitrite Accumulation ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
And Function ◽  
Induced Changes

Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to contribute to ovarian development and function. In non-ovarian tissues NO can be altered by ethanol (ETOH), a drug considered to be a gonadal toxin in men as well as male and female rats. The present study was undertaken to determine if some of the detrimental effects of chronic ETOH exposure on prepubertal ovarian function could be due to ETOH-induced alterations in the intraovarian NO system. Rats were implanted with intragastric cannulae on day 24 and began receiving control or ETOH diets on day 29. All rats were killed on day 34, determined to be in the late juvenile stage of development, and their ovaries and blood were collected. We analyzed the expression of the two constitutive forms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), i.e. neuronal (n) NOS and endothelial (e) NOS, as well as the inducible (i) form of NOS protein in the ovaries of control and ETOH-treated rats by Western immunoblotting. Results demonstrate that eNOS protein increased markedly (P<0.02; 140 kDa) in ETOH-treated rats compared with controls. ETOH treatment did not alter the protein expression of nNOS (155 kDa) and only slightly increased that of iNOS (130 kDa). We also assessed NOS activity as determined by nitrite accumulation and by the conversion of L-[14C]arginine to L-[14C]citrulline. In this regard, the ETOH-treated animals showed an increase in ovarian nitrite generation (P<0.05), as well as an increase in ovarian citrulline formation (P<0.0001), when compared with control animals. Along with the above described ETOH-induced increases in ovarian eNOS and NO activity, the serum levels of estradiol were concomitantly suppressed (P<0.001) in the ETOH-treated rats. These results demonstrate for the first time the ETOH-induced changes in the prepubertal ovarian NO/NOS system, and suggest that these alterations contribute to the detrimental actions of the drug on prepubertal ovarian development and function.

scholarly journals Changes in Affective Behavior and Oxidative Stress after Binge Alcohol in Male and Female Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1250
Author(s):  
Ibanelo Cortez ◽  
Patricia S. Brocardo ◽  
J. Leigh Leasure
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Brain Oxidative Stress ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Induced Changes

Binge alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorders (AUD) are prevalent, and there is comorbidity with depression and anxiety. Potential underlying mechanisms include neurophysiological, genetic, and metabolic changes resulting from alcohol exposure. Mood and anxiety disorders are more common among women, but whether females are more susceptible to binge-induced oxidative stress and co-occurring anxiety and depression-like behaviors remains unknown. Here, we used a repeated, weekly binge alcohol paradigm in male and female rats to investigate sex differences in despair and anxiety-like behaviors and brain oxidative stress parameters. A single binge alcohol exposure significantly elevated glutathione (GSH) levels in prefrontal cortex (PFC) of both male and female animals. This was accompanied by increased lipid peroxidation in PFC of both sexes. Repeated (once weekly) binge exposure induced changes in anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in both males and females and increased GSH level in the PFC without detectable oxidative damage. Our findings suggest that repeated binge alcohol exposure influences affect regardless of sex and in the absence of membrane damage.

scholarly journals Protective effect of nicotinamide and l-arginine against monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats: gender dependence

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1334-1346
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Sztormowska-Achranowicz ◽  
Zbigniew Jankowski ◽  
Ivan Kocić
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
The Right ◽  
Gender Dependence

Abstract Background The purpose of this paper was to examine the effects of nicotinamide (ND) and l-arginine (l-ARG) on pulmonary vascular and heart changes induced by pulmonary hypertension in rats in a gender-dependent way. Methods Experiments were performed on male (M) and female (F) rats. PAH was induced via monocrotaline injection (sc, 60/kg B.W.) on day one of the 23-day observational period. After that, the animals were sacrificed, hearts removed and weighed and the papillary muscles isolated to measure force of contraction (Fc). Morphological changes of pulmonary vessels were also examined. Results Mixed diet supplementation with l-ARG + ND prevented highly significant right ventricle enlargement induced by PAH in both, male and female rats. Weight ratios between the right ventricle (RV) on one side and the left ventricle with septum on the other (LV + S) decreased from 0.46 ± 0.016 g to 0.29 ± 0.006 g in males and from 0.63 ± 0.03 g to 0.24 ± 0.008 g in females, n = 6, p < 0.001. Additionally, PAH increased basal contractility in female groups, and each of the diet allocations (l-ARG, ND, and mixed) were found to restore contractility to control values. All diet protocols in male and female restored decreased responsiveness of the myocardium to norepinephrine in hearts obtained from rats with PAH and prevented vascular changes observed in pulmonary hypertension (thickness of blood vessels and cell infiltration). Conclusion Our study suggests that l-arginine, nicotinamide or both play a positive role in right ventricle function or the process reducing pulmonary vascular remodeling especially in a gender-independent way.

scholarly journals Response of male and female rats to undernutrition

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia M. Harris ◽  
R. B. Broadhurst ◽  
Diane F. Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

1. Female Wistar rats (5 and 11 weeks old) were either left intact or ovariectomized. Animals of each age- and treatment-group were either ad lib.-fed or undernourished for 4 weeks.2. The bodies of all animals were analysed for protein and fat and the weights, lipid synthesis rate and lipoprotein lipase (EC 3.1. 1.34) activity of four fat depots were determined.3. The well-nourished ovariectomized animals of both age-groups gained weight more rapidly than the well-nourished intact animals of the same age, but there was no effect of ovariectomy on body composition, lipid synthesis rate or lipoprotein lipase activity in either the well-nourished or the undernourished animals of either age-group.4. There was a greater efficiency of energy utilization found in the ovariectomized animals than in the intact animals regardless of age or nutritional status.

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