scholarly journals Effects of disodium fumarate onin vitrorumen microbial growth, methane production and fermentation of diets differing in their forage:concentrate ratio

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. García-Martínez ◽  
M. J. Ranilla ◽  
M. L. Tejido ◽  
M. D. Carro
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
High Forage ◽  
Forage:Concentrate Ratio

The effects of disodium fumarate on microbial growth, CH4production and fermentation of three diets differing in their forage content (800, 500 and 200 g/kg DM) by rumen micro-organismsin vitrowere studied using batch cultures. Rumen contents were collected from four Merino sheep. Disodium fumarate was added to the incubation bottles to achieve final concentrations of 0, 4 and 8 mm-fumarate, and15N was used as a microbial marker. Gas production was measured at regular intervals from 0 to 120 h of incubation. Fumarate did not affect (P>0·05) any of the measured gas production parameters. In 17 h incubations, the final pH and the production of acetate and propionate were increased linearly (P<0·001) by the addition of fumarate. Fumarate tended to increase (P=0·076) the organic matter disappearance of the diets and to decrease (P=0·079) the amount of NH3-N in the cultures. Adding fumarate to batch cultures tended (P=0·099) to decrease CH4production, the mean values of the decrease being 5·4 %, 2·9 % and 3·8 % for the high-, medium- and low-forage diet, respectively. Fumarate tended to increase (P=0·082) rumen microbial growth for the high-forage diet, but no differences (P>0·05) were observed for the other two diets. These results indicate that the effects of fumarate on rumen fermentation depend on the nature of the incubated substrate, the high-forage diet showing the greatest response.

In vitromicrobial growth and rumen fermentation of different substrates as affected by the addition of disodium malate

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Tejido ◽  
M. J. Ranilla ◽  
R. García-Martínez ◽  
M. D. Carro
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
Production Values ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Microbial N

AbstractThe effects of two concentrations of disodium malate on thein vitrofermentation of three substrates differing in their forage: concentrate ratio (0·8: 0·2, 0·5: 0·5 and 0·2: 0·8; g/g dry matter; low-, medium- and high-concentrate substrates, respectively) by rumen micro-organisms were studied using batch cultures. Rumen contents were collected from four Merino sheep offered lucerne hay ad libitum and supplemented daily with 400 g concentrate. Disodium malate was added to the incubation bottles to achieve final concentrations of 0, 4 and 8 mmol/l malate and15N was used as a microbial marker. Gas production was measured at regular intervals from 0 to 120 h of incubation to study fermentation kinetics. When gas production values were corrected for gas released from added malate, no effects (P> 0·05) of malate were detected for any of the estimated gas production parameters. In 17-h incubations, the final pH and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) production were increased (P< 0·001) by the addition of malate, but no changes (P> 0·05) were detected in the final amounts of ammonia-N and lactate. When net VFA productions were corrected for the amount of VFA produced from malate fermentation itself, adding malate did not affect (P> 0·05) the production of acetate, propionate and total VFA. Malate reduced methane (CH4) production by proportionately 0·058, 0·013 and 0·054 for the low-, medium- and high-concentrate substrates, respectively. Adding malate to batch cultures increased (P< 0·01) rumen microbial growth (mean values of 16·6, 18·3 and 18·4 mg of microbial N for malate at 0, 4 and 8 mmol/l, respectively), but did not affect (P> 0·05) its efficiency of growth (55·5, 56·7 and 54·3 mg of microbial N per g of organic matter apparently fermented for malate at 0, 4 and 8 mmol/l, respectively). There were no interactions (P> 0·05) malate × substrate for any of the measured variables, and no differences (P> 0·05) in pH, CH4production and microbial growth were found between malate at 4 and 8 mmol/l. The results indicate that malate had a beneficial effect on in vitro rumen fermentation of substrates by increasing VFA production and microbial growth, and that only subtle differences in the effects of malate were observed between substrates. Most of the observed effects, however, seem to be due to fermentation of malate itself.

scholarly journals Influence of different concentrations of disodium fumarate on methane production and fermentation of concentrate feeds by rumen micro-organisms invitro

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Carro ◽  
M. J. Ranilla
Keyword(s):  
Gas Production ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Micro Organisms

Batch cultures of mixed rumen micro-organisms were used to study the effects of different concentrations of disodium fumarate on the fermentation of five concentrate feeds (maize, barley, wheat, sorghum and cassava meal). Rumen contents were collected from four Merino sheep fed lucerne hayad libitumand supplemented with 300 g concentrate/d. Disodium fumarate was added to the incubation bottles to achieve final concentrations of 0, 4, 7 and 10 mm-fumarate. In 17 h incubations, the final pH and total volatile fatty acid production increased (P<0·001) linearly for all substrates as fumarate concentration increased from 0 to 10 mm. Propionate and acetate production increased (P<0·05), while the value of the acetate:propionate ratio decreased (P<0·05) linearly with increasing doses of fumarate. In contrast,l-lactate and NH3-N concentrations in the cultures were not affected (P>0·05) by the addition of fumarate. For all substrates, fumarate treatment decreased (P<0·05) CH4production, the mean values of the decrease being 2·3, 3·8 and 4·8 % for concentrations of 4, 7 and 10 mm-fumarate respectively. Addition of fumarate did not affect (P>0·05) the total gas production. If the results of the present experiment are confirmedin vivo, fumarate could be used as a feed additive for ruminant animals fed high proportions of cereal grains, because it increased pH, acetate and propionate production and it decreased CH4production.

Effect of melamine onin vitrorumen microbial growth, methane production and fermentation of Chinese wild rye hay and maize meal in binary mixtures

2013 ◽  
Vol 152 (4) ◽  
pp. 686-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. YANG ◽  
H. ZHUANG ◽  
X. K. MENG ◽  
D. F. ZHANG ◽  
B. H. CAO
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
High Forage

SUMMARYThe effects of melamine on gas production (GP) kinetics, methane (CH4) production and fermentation of diets differing in forage content (low-forage (LF) diet: 200 g/kg and high-forage (HF) diet: 800 g/kg) by rumen micro-organismsin vitrowere studied using batch cultures. Rumen contents were collected from three Simmental×Luxi crossbred beef cattle. Melamine was added to the incubation bottles to achieve final concentration of 0 (control), 2, 6, 18, 54, 162 and 484 mg/kg of each diet. Cumulative GP was continuously measured in an automated gas recording instrument during 72 h of incubation, while fermentation gas end-products were collected to determine molar proportions of carbon dioxide (CO2), CH4and hydrogen gas (H2) in manually operated batch cultures. Differences in GP kinetics and fermentation gases were observed in response to the nature of the diets incubated. Although melamine addition did not affect GP kinetics and fermentation gas pattern compared to the control, the increase of melamine addition stimulated the yield of CH4by decreasing CO2, especially during the fermentation of the HF diet. The concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (N), amino acid N and microbial N in culture fluids were greater in the fermentation of LF- than HF diets, and these concentrations were increased by the increase of melamine addition after 72-h fermentation. The concentrations of total volatile fatty acids (VFA) were greater in HF than LF diets. The addition of melamine decreased total VFA concentrations and this response was greater in HF than LF diet fermentations. Melamine addition did not affect molar proportions of acetate, butyrate, propionate and valerate compared with the control; however, branched-chain VFA production, which was lower in the HF than the LF diet, was increased by the melamine addition, especially in the HF diet fermentation. The ratio of non-glucogenic to glucogenic acids was lower in the HF than the LF diet, but it was not affected by melamine addition. In brief, the greater reduction in the rate and extent of rumen fermentation found for the HF diet in comparison with the LF diet suggested that rumen fermentation rate and extentin vitrodepended mainly on the nature of the incubated substrate, and that they could be further inhibited by the increase of melamine addition.

scholarly journals Effect of the addition of malate onin vitrorumen fermentation of cereal grains

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Carro ◽  
M. J. Ranilla
Keyword(s):  
Gas Production ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Butyrate Production

Batch cultures of mixed rumen micro-organisms were used to study the effects of different concentrations of malate (Rumalato®; Norel & Nature S.A., Barcelona, Spain; composed of disodium malate–calcium malate (0·16:0·84, w/w)) on the fermentation of four cereal grains (maize, barley, wheat and sorghum). Rumen contents were collected from four Merino sheep fed lucerne hayad libitumand supplemented with 300 g concentrate/d. Rumalato® was added to the incubation bottles to achieve final concentrations of 0, 4, 7 and 10 mM-MALATE. Gas production was measured at regular intervals up to 120 h. Malate increased (P<0·01) the average fermentation rate of all substrates, and the lag time decreased (P<0·05) linearly with increasing concentrations of malate for all substrates, with the exception of sorghum. in 17 h incubations, the final pH and total volatile fatty acid production increased (P<0·001) linearly for all substrates as malate concentration increased from 0 TO 10 mM. Propionate and butyrate production increased (P<0·05), while the value of the acetate: propionate ratio and L-lactate concentrations decreased (P<0·05) linearly with increasing doses of malate. Malate treatment increased (P<0·05) the CO2production and decreased the production of CH4, although this effect was not significant (P>0·05) for maize. Malate at 4 and 7 mm increased (P<0·05) optical density of the cultures measured at 600 nm for maize, with no differences for the other substrates. The results indicate that malate may be used as a feed additive for ruminant animals fed high proportions of cereal grains, because it increased pH and propionate production and decreased CH4production and L-lactate concentrations; however, in general, no beneficial effects of 10 compared with 7 mM-malate were observed.

scholarly journals Survey of Phenolic Acids, Flavonoids and In Vitro Antioxidant Potency Between Fig Peels and Pulps: Chemical and Chemometric Approach

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2574
Author(s):  
Lahcen Hssaini ◽  
Francisca Hernandez ◽  
Manuel Viuda-Martos ◽  
Jamal Charafi ◽  
Rachid Razouk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Local Cultivar ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation Inhibition ◽  
Almost All

In the present study, chromatic coordinates, phenolic acids, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity assessed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS) and lipid peroxidation inhibition capacity (LPIC) essays and their relative IC50 were investigated in 25 fig cultivars growing in Morocco. The aims of this study were to determine (i) the variation in these compounds among light and dark-colored cultivars, (ii) their partitioning between fruit peel and pulp and (iii) to display network connections among these variables. Twelve phenolic compounds (PCs) were isolated in peel extract versus eight in pulp samples. Anthocyanins, mainly cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, were the predominant compounds in peels, where the mean concentrations were 75.90 ± 18.76 and 77.97 ± 18.95 µg/g dw, respectively. On the other hand, (−)-epicatechin and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside were the major compounds in the pulp extracts, where the mean values were 5.23 ± 4.03 and 9.01 ± 5.67 µg/g dw, respectively. A two-dimensional hierarchically clustered heatmap was applied to the dataset to explore correlations in the dataset and similarities between cultivars, without dimensionality reduction. Results showed that anthocyanins, particularly pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside, cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, were the main contributors to the peels’ free radical scavenging capacity. This capacity was particularly higher in the peel of dark-colored figs compared to the fruit pulp. The local cultivar “INRA 1301” showed the most promising phenolic profile due to its very high levels of almost all detected PCs, especially (−)-epicatechin, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidine-3,5-diglucoside, cyanidine-3-O-rutinoside and pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside (54.66, 141.08, 35.48, 494.08, 478.66, 12.56 µg/g dw, respectively). Having the darkest figs in the collection (L* = 25.72, c* = 22.09 and h° = 20.99), this cultivar has also combined promising IC50 values, which were of 19.85, 40.58 and 124.78 µg/mL for DPPH, ABTS and LPIC essays, respectively.

scholarly journals 175 The Suitability of Autoclave and Pressure Cooker Washing Methods in Comparison to ANKOM200 to Determine Neutral Detergent Fiber Using Different Feedstuffs and Washing Solutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 79-79
Author(s):  
Jordan Adams ◽  
Aaron B Norris ◽  
Madeline E Rivera ◽  
Luiz Fernando Dias Batista ◽  
Luis O Tedeschi
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Random Coefficients ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Detergent Solution ◽  
Standard Methodology ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Factor Combination ◽  
High Forage

Abstract The use of the in vitro gas production (IVGP) technique requires accurate determination of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) residue. However, the NDF determination using standard procedures are not always feasible for IVGP; thus requiring micro-NDF methods, which need autoclave (AC) and pressure cooker (PC) to boil the solution. A complete randomized design using a 3×3 factorial arrangement was implemented to investigate the effect of washing methods (WM: AC, PC, or ANKOM200) and solution ratios (WS: 100 mL neutral detergent solution (ND), 150 mL ND, or 100 mL H2O/g sample) to determine NDF residues, assuming ANKOM200 and 100 mL ND/g as the standard methodology. Each factor combination was performed in triplicate with a replicate being comprised of 12 bottles or bags (two blanks and five feedstuffs in duplicate). Feedstuffs were: alfalfa hay (AH), bermudagrass hay (BH), two high-forage rations (G1 and G2), and a high-concentrate ration (FR). Following each run, bottles were filtered to obtain the NDF. Data were analyzed by diet using a random coefficients model. An interaction of WM ′ WS was present for AH and G1 (P &lt; 0.01), G2 and FR had tendencies (P = 0.08 and 0.06, respectively), whereas BH demonstrated no interaction (P = 0.37). The PC with 100 mL or 150 mL did not differ from the standard methodology for AH, G1, G2, and FR. The BH demonstrated differences between WM and WS (P &lt; 0.01). The PC had lower NDF residue compared to the AC and ANKOM200, whereas H2O had substantially greater NDF residue relative to both ND ratios. We concluded that H2O is not a suitable substitute for ND solution regardless of the feedstuff. Both micro-NDF washing methods may be satisfactory depending on the type of feedstuff used but further investigation is required.

Biomechanical study of thoracolumbar junction fixation devices with different diameter dual-rod systems

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ung-Kyu Chang ◽  
Jesse Lim ◽  
Daniel H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Biomechanical Testing ◽  
Load Sharing ◽  
Biomechanical Study ◽  
Compression Force ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Fixation Devices ◽  
Thoracolumbar Region ◽  
Rod System ◽  
The Mean

Object Advances in the design of a smaller-diameter rod system for use in the thoracolumbar region prompted the authors to undertake this biomechanical study of two different thoracolumbar implants. Methods In vitro biomechanical testing was performed using human cadaveric spines. All specimens were loaded to a maximum moment of 5 Nm with 300-N axial preload in six modes of motion. Two types of anterior implants with different rod diameters were applied to intact T10–12 specimens in two groups. The loading was repeated and the range of motion (ROM) was measured. A T-11 corpectomy was then performed and a strain gauge–mounted carbon fiber stackable cage was implanted. The ROM and compression force on the cage were measured, and the mean values were compared between these two groups. With stabilization of the intact spine, ROM decreased least in extension and greatest in bending compared with the intact specimens. After corpectomy and stabilization, ROM increased in extension by 104.89 ± 53.09% in specimens with a 6.35-mm rod insertion and by 83.81 ± 16.96% in those with a 5.5-mm rod, respectively; in flexion, ROM decreased by 26.98 ± 27.43% (6.35 mm) and by 9.59 ± 15.42% (5.5 mm), respectively; and in bending and rotation, both groups each showed a decrease in ROM. The load sharing of the cage was similar between the two groups (the 6.35-mm compared with 5.5-mm rods): 47.44 and 44.73% (neutral), 49.16 and 39.02% (extension), 61.90 and 56.88% (flexion), respectively. Conclusions There were no statistical differences in the ROM and load sharing of the cage when either the 6.35-or 5.5-mm-diameter dual-rod was used.

Granulokinetics in normal dogs

1964 ◽  
Vol 206 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. Raab ◽  
J. W. Athens ◽  
O. P. Haab ◽  
D. R. Boggs ◽  
H. Ashenbrucker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Half Time ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Hexadimethrine Bromide ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Blood Granulocyte ◽  
Number Of Cells

Dog granulocytes were labeled in vitro with radioactive diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP32) and then returned to the circulation of the donor. Granulocytes were separated from whole blood by utilizing hexadimethrine bromide as the sedimenting agent and saponin as a lysing agent. The labeled granulocytes disappeared from the circulation in an exponential fashion with a mean (±1 sd) half-time disappearance of 5.6 ± 0.95 hr. The size of the total blood granulocyte ( TBGP), circulating granulocyte ( CGP), and marginal granulocyte ( MGP) pools, and the granulocyte turnover rate ( GTR) were measured in 31 normal, unanesthetized dogs. The mean values ± 1 sd, expressed as number of cells x107/kg body wt., were as follows: TBGP, 102 ± 34.8; CGP, 54 ± 20.7; MGP, 48 ± 23.4; and GTR, 305 ± 111.5 cells/kg day. The values observed in anesthetized and in unanesthetized, splenectomized dogs were not significantly different from the above values.

scholarly journals Some Physiological Factors Affecting the Binding of Cortisol by Human Plasma Proteins

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 35-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Few ◽  
J. R. Haspineall
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Human Plasma ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Free Cortisol ◽  
The Mean

Steady-state gel filtration has been used to study the binding of cortisol to human plasma proteins in vitro. Raising the temperature from 37°C to 41°C results in the mean proportion of free (non-protein-bound) cortisol rising approximately from 7% to 11%. Addition of cortisol to plasma ≡ 275 nmol/l) also increased the proportion of free cortisol by approximately 50%. Cortisone is less strongly bound to plasma proteins than cortisol. The mean values (±S.D.) for five samples were free cortisol 8.4 ± 1.1% and free cortisone 26.0±3.8%.

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