Corchorus hirtus (Orinoco jute).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shruti Dube
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Chromosome Structure ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Editorial Committee ◽  
Southern States ◽  
Bright Yellow ◽  
Main Medium ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Environmental Requirements

Abstract Genetics: Most Corchorus species are diploids with 2n = 14, while wild species like, C. cunninghamii, C. hirtus, C. junodii, and C. siliquosus are similar in chromosome structure and are tetraploids (Belay, 2011). C. hirtus has a chromosome number 2n=4x=28 (Sinha et al., 2011; Flora of North American Editorial Committee, 2016). Physiology and Phenology: C. hirtus flowers and fruits all year (Axelrod, 2011). The flowers are bright yellow and 1.5 cm wide, and open in the afternoon (Missouri Botanical Garden, 2016). Reproductive Biology: Most Corchorus species can be identified during the reproductive stage using capsule and seed morphology (Belay, 2011). Seed is the main medium of reproduction (Mascarenhas et al., 1995). Ideal germination conditions in the laboratory have been found to be 31°C, 12/12 meaning seeds were incubated at 31°C during 12 light hours (Royal Botanical Gardens Kew, 2008). Environmental Requirements: C. hirtus needs a tropical climate to grow but it is also present in some southern states of the USA including Arizona, Alabama and Florida. It is usually found in deciduous tropical forests, semi-deciduous and evergreen tropical forests. It prefers soils that are well drained and mostly calcareous (Mas and Lugo-Torres, 2013).

scholarly journals Foeniculum vulgare (fennel).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Jennifer Datiles ◽  
Ian Popay
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Editorial Committee ◽  
Native Flora ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Environmental Weed

Abstract Foeniculum vulgare, also known as sweet fennel, is a common kitchen herb used around the world - but it is also a highly invasive weed that can severely damage ecosystems. A risk assessment prepared for Hawaii gave the species a high risk score of 19 (PIER, 2015). F. vulgare is known to alter fire regimes and create dense stands, outcompeting native flora for nutrients and space (DiTomaso et al., 2013; Cal-IPC, 2015). It was listed in the Global Compendium of Weeds as an "agricultural weed, casual alien, cultivation escape, environmental weed, garden thug, naturalised, noxious weed, weed" (Randall, 2012), and is known to be invasive (mostly in natural habitats rather than agricultural land) in California, New Zealand, significant parts of Australia and a number of locations in the Pacific. (PIER, 2015). The species is a principal weed in Mexico and New Zealand, a common weed in Argentina, Australia, Hawaii, and Spain, weedy in Chile, Morocco, Uruguay, the USA, and Venezuela, and it is known to be adventive in China, Colombia (Holm et al., 1979; Flora of China Editorial Committee, 2015; PIER, 2015; Vascular Plants of Antioquia, 2015). It is also reported as invasive in Ethiopia and Kenya. It can regenerate by both seeds and roots, which often makes physical control methods ineffective and chemical control necessary once a population is established.

scholarly journals Breeding behaviour of the Coromandel Damselfly Ceriagrion coromandelianum (Fabricius) (Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae) in central India: copulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 12203
Author(s):  
Nilesh R. Thaokar ◽  
Payal R. Verma ◽  
Raymond J. Andrew
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Central India ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Copulation Duration ◽  
Mate Location ◽  
Courtship Display ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Bright Yellow ◽  
Two Stages

The Coromandel Damselfly Ceriagrion coromandelianum can be easily identified because of its bright yellow abdomen, greenish thorax and eyes.  In females, the abdomen is darker with light brown colouration extending to dark brown towards the terminal end.  The documentation of the reproductive behaviour of Ceriagrion coromandelianum was carried out at the botanical garden of Hislop College, Nagpur, India.  The males of C. coromandelianum arrive early in the morning by 07:00hr at the ovipositing site.  They belong to “sit and wait” type of mate-location.  While perched and waiting for the female to arrive they at times exhibit abdominal bobbing, and oviposition posture.  The territorial area of male C. coromandelianum is very small, within a range of about 45cm around his perch.  There is no precopulatory courtship display and the male move toward the arriving receptive female and directly tries to form a tandem link.  The other males of the group follow the pair.  The tandem pair flies towards the safety of the surrounding vegetation to copulate. Before copulation, the male fills his penis vesicle with sperm material by the process of “intra male sperm translocation” which lasts for 30±8 seconds.  The female curves her abdomen ventrally forward so that her gonopore which is located between the eighth and ninth sternite comes to lie before the secondary copulatory apparatus of the male and forms a strong genital link, to form the copulatory wheel.  The copulation duration can be long (34–55 min) or short (12–15 min).  Two stages of copulation depending upon the pumping movement of the couple can be differentiated.  During the first stage, the male rhythmically and forcefully depresses and stretches the first two abdominal segments, vigorously pumping the penis inside the female vagina which accounts for 72% of the copulation duration.  The second stage starts with rapid short thrusting movement which are not forceful but exhibit shallow movements of the first two abdominal segment of the male.  The tandem pairs after copulation may directly move for oviposition or settle around the surrounding foliage and exhibit “post-copulatory resting” (PCR) behaviour.  It is noted that 23.3% females immediately commence oviposition, 53.4% exhibit brief, while 23.3% display prolonged PCR behaviour.  

Impacts of botanic gardens: economic, social, environmental, and health.

2021 ◽  
pp. 116-129
Author(s):  
Richard W. Benfield
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
The Usa ◽  
African Plants ◽  
Social Environmental

Abstract This chapter focuses on the economic impacts of gardens, presenting examples of regional economic impacts of gardens in the USA, UK and New Zealand. As important, the chapter also highlights the environmental, health, and social benefits of gardens in an era of environmental sustainability, and social justice. Case studies are presented of (1) the cultural benefits of Glenstone (USA), (2) the economic impact of the Australian Arid Lands Botanic Garden (South Australia), and (3) the Missouri Botanical Garden as a center for the study of African plants.

scholarly journals Incidence and distribution of Botrytis convoluta in a collection of Iris × barbata irises and options of control

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
Ivana Šafránková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Latently Infected ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Few Data

In the years 2005–2007 in a collection of Iris × barbata irises in the Botanical Garden and Arboretum of MZLU in Brno a disease spread appearing in symptoms of poor budding and growth of the irises, or rotting and dying off of the rhizomes. As the causal agent we identified the fungus Botrytis convoluta. In the present study we describe the isolated pathogen. The disease appears in a number of species of the genus Iris and has been reported in the USA, Europe, Israel and Japan. Over a period of three years we evaluated the frequency of incidence of the pathogen in 527 iris cultivars and its distribution on five plots. While in the first year the incidence of the pathogen appeared in 4.4–28.7 % plants, in the last year of our investigations the pathogen spread to 17.7–66.6 % plants. In the course of three years seven cultivars out of the 527 planted out died as a result of B. convoluta attack (i.e. 1.33 %). The results were processed statistically. Spacing of the plants and gradient of the plot influenced the spreading of the pathogen. The weather in the winter played an important role, particularly mild and humid winters with temperatures above 0 °C. Even though B. convoluta was and remains to be a factor limiting the overwintering of irises, there are very few data on fungicide control of irises. Even fewer data are available about the control of irises against latently infected rhizomes. At the present time no fungicides protecting irises against this pathogen have been registered in the Czech Republic.

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT, PROPAGATION AND USE OF TAXODIUM IN SOUTHEASTERN CHINA

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 515D-515
Author(s):  
D. Creech ◽  
Yin Yunlong
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
National Level ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Orange Leaf ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Fast Growth Rate ◽  
Made In

There are three botanical varieties associated with the genus Taxodium: 1) Baldcypress (BC) = Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.var. distichum, 2) Pondcypress (PC) = T. distichum var. imbricarium (Nutt.) Croom and 3) Montezuma cypress (MC) = T. distichum var. mexicana Gordon. Taxodium hybridization promises to combine the best characteristics of superior parents. In 1988, clones T302 (a BC × MC F1 hybrid), T401 (PC × MC), and T202 (PC × BC) were selected in China primarily for growth rate and tolerance to alkaline and salt-rich coastal floodplains. T302 is recommended in China for soils with pH 8.0∼8.5 and salt concentrations <0.2%. Other attributes of T302 included 159% faster growth than BC, good columnar form, longer foliage retention in fall and early winter, and no knees. T302 has been in the USA since January 2002 and is currently under evaluation in over 30 locations in southern USA. The clone was named `Nanjing Beauty' in 2004 as a cooperative introduction of the SFA Mast Arboretum and Nanjing Botanical Garden. In March 2005, the SFA Mast Arboretum received two new clones from China. T140 and T27 are considered more evergreen than T302 and both demonstrate strong salt tolerance. The clones were selected from a field population of T302 × TM—with strong TM characteristics and improvements in growth rate, salt tolerance, form and vigor. T140 grows faster than T27, which produces a wider profile. The foundation of the most recent selections comes originally from crosses made by Professor Chen and Liu in 1992 at the Nanjing Botanical Garden. Pollen from TM was applied to a female T302 and fifteen selections were made in 1995. The main characteristics for selection were 1) fast growth rate, 2) dark green color during the growing season and a red-orange leaf color in the fall, and 3) evergreen leaves. In 2006 or 2007, the results from T140 and T27 will be reported and registered with the Chinese Forestry Department. It will be at least five years before T140 and T27 enter commerce. In June, 2005 there were <100 each of these two clones. T118, T120 and T149 have already been registered with the Chinese Forestry Department at the provincial level, while T302 has been registered at the national level.

Tattoos in policing: a survey of state police policies

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara M. McMullen ◽  
Jennifer Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
State Level ◽  
Body Art ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Southern States ◽  
State Police ◽  
The Usa ◽  
American Society ◽  
Hispanic White

Purpose Policing agencies across the USA have cited difficulty recruiting qualified applicants, thus leaving many employment vacancies unfilled. One reason for this challenge may be that those who would make exceptional police officers are barred from employment because of their body art. Varying appearance policies exist concerning tattoos, yet little is known about these policies. The purpose of this paper is to survey the tattoo policies of policing agencies. Design/methodology/approach The tattoo policies of all 50 state-level policing agencies were reviewed to explore similarities and state-level correlates. Findings The majority, but not all, of state police have some type of appearance policy targeting tattoos. State policing agencies that have a “no visibility” policy regarding tattoos more often were in states with a low percentage of millennial residents, high percentage of young veterans, men and non-Hispanic white citizens, and low crime; t-tests indicate “no visibility” policy states significantly differed from other states in the percentage of non-Hispanic whites and crime. Further, state policing agencies with a “no visibility” policy tended to be in northeastern states, with southern states having the fewest state policing agencies with such policies, although the χ2 test was non-significant. Originality/value Despite the ubiquity of tattoos in the American society, the literature is scant with studies of police appearance policies regarding tattoos. This study provides a partial summary of tattoo policies at the state policing level.

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