Effect of Irrigation Amount and Tillage System on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Cowpea

Abstract Background: Traditional irrigation methods in protected vegetable production such as furrow irrigation result in low water use efficiency. New techniques, such as drip irrigation, micro-sprinkling irrigation have been developed for improving water use efficiency. However, these techniques have not been tested in greenhouse celery production. In this study, three different irrigation techniques micro-sprinkler irrigation (MS), furrow irrigation under plastic film mulching (PF) and micro-sprinkler irrigation under the plastic film mulching (MSP) were investigated whether the three techniques can improve the yield, quality and water use efficiency of greenhouse-grown celery, compared to furrow irrigation (FI). Results: The individual plant weight of celery was higher under MS, PF and MSP than under FI in both autumn season crop (AC) and spring season crop (SC), compared to FI. In AC and SC, the economic yield of celery increases under MSP by 54.18% and 49.55%, the economic yield of celery increases under PF by 30.37% and 34.10%. The irrigation amount of MSP was 151.69 and 179.91 m3 667 m-2 in AC and SC, which was 23.13% and 27.27% lower than that of FI. The irrigation amount of PF was 151.69 and 196.78 m3 667 m-2 in AC and SC, which was 23.13% and 20.45% lower than that of FI. PF and MSP reduced the irrigation amount of celery cultivation in greenhouse, and soil evaporation content. Conclusions: In short, MSP and PF promoted the growth and yield of celery in greenhouse with improved quality and water use efficiency.

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Effect of full and limited irrigation amount and frequency on subsurface drip-irrigated maize evapotranspiration, yield, water use efficiency and yield response factors

Irrigation Science ◽

10.1007/s00271-016-0502-z ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 271-286 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Suat Irmak ◽

Koffi Djaman ◽

Daran R. Rudnick

Keyword(s):

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Yield Response ◽

Response Factors ◽

Irrigation Amount ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Subsurface Drip

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Effects of micro-sprinkling with different irrigation amount on grain yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat in the North China Plain

Agricultural Water Management ◽

10.1016/j.agwat.2019.105736 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 224 ◽

pp. 105736 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jinpeng Li ◽

Zhen Zhang ◽

Yang Liu ◽

Chunsheng Yao ◽

Wenyue Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

North China Plain ◽

North China ◽

Irrigation Amount ◽

The North ◽

The North China Plain ◽

Use Efficiency

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Responses of yield and water use efficiency to irrigation amount decided by pan evaporation for winter wheat

Agricultural Water Management ◽

10.1016/j.agwat.2013.08.002 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 129 ◽

pp. 173-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Xiuwei Liu ◽

Liwei Shao ◽

Hongyong Sun ◽

Suying Chen ◽

Xiying Zhang

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Pan Evaporation ◽

Irrigation Amount ◽

Use Efficiency

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The effect of tillage system and fertilization on corn yield and water use efficiency in irrigated conditions of the South of Ukraine

Biosystems Diversity ◽

10.15421/011917 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 125-130

Author(s):

R. A. Vozhehova ◽

M. P. Maliarchuk ◽

I. M. Biliaieva ◽

O. Y. Markovska ◽

A. S. Maliarchuk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Water Use ◽

Irrigated Agriculture ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Corn Yield ◽

The South ◽

Tillage System ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Corn Grain

Efficient water management in agriculture is an important part of the general programme on water resources preservation. This study is devoted to the determination of the effects of soil processing system and mineral fertilization on the water use efficiency and productivity of grain corn (Zea mays Linnaeus, 1753). The trials were conducted in 2017–2018 on irrigated land in the South of Ukraine. The field experiments were carried out on the experimental plots of the Institute of Irrigated Agriculture of the NAAS in four replications. We studied the following agrotechnological parameters and their combinations: Factor A – primary tillage type and depth within different tillage systems in the short crop rotation (grain corn – grain sorghum – winter wheat – soybean); Factor B – application rates of mineral fertilizers (N0P0, N120P60, N180P60). We established that the highest yield of grain accompanied by the best water use efficiency was provided by the cultivation technology with disk cultivator tillage on the depth of 8–10 cm within the differentiated tillage system in the crop rotation under the maximum nutritive background of N180P60. This agrotechnological variant resulted in a corn grain yield of 14.51 and 14.59 t/ha in 2017 and 2018 years of the study, respectively. The coefficient of water use efficiency, which is the relation of the water used by the crop to the yield, in this variant was the lowest – 39.6 and 42.0 mm/t in 2017 and 2018, respectively, which indicates the optimum response of corn grain to watering. The worst indexes of water use efficiency and corn productivity were determined in the experimental variant with disk cultivator tillage on the depth of 12–14 cm within the subsoil tillage system within the crop rotation under non-fertilized conditions. We determined that strengthening of the crop nutrition under the rational tillage system in crop rotation is helpful in optimization of the crop water use in the irrigated conditions of the South of Ukraine, which is very important in the current conditions of freshwater scarcity.

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Hay Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Alfalfa under Different Irrigation and Fungicide Regimes in a Semiarid Climate

Water ◽

10.3390/w12061721 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 1721

Author(s):

Koffi Djaman ◽

Daniel Smeal ◽

Komlan Koudahe ◽

Samuel Allen

Keyword(s):

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Field Experiments ◽

The United States ◽

Project Managers ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Irrigation Amount ◽

Fungicide Application ◽

Irrigation Regimes ◽

Use Efficiency

Alfalfa is one of the most nutritive and high-yielding forage legumes planted in rotation with cereal crops across the United States. Under semiarid and arid climates with limited water resources, sustainable management of the available resources is required. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different irrigation regimes and fungicide applications on alfalfa in the high desert region of the Colorado Plateau of the U.S. Field experiments were conducted during the 2012–2014 period. Alfalfa was planted in fall 2012, uniformly irrigated for crop establishment and subjected to seven different irrigation regimes after the first cut in spring 2013. Alfalfa was treated by fungicide application and was harvested at 10% blooming. The maximum amounts of applied water were 350, 300, 208, and 312 mm, respectively, during the first, second, third, and fourth regrowth cycles in 2013, and 373, 282, 198, and 246 mm in 2014 for the respective regrowth cycles in 2014; the seasonal applied irrigation amount varied from 711 to 1171 mm in 2013 and from 328 to 1100 mm in 2014. The results showed non-significant effect of fungicide application on the forage yield. Alfalfa forage yield was significantly affected by the irrigation regimes and showed a third order polynomial relationship with the applied irrigation amounts during each regrowth cycle and on seasonal scale. Forage yield decreased from the first cut to the fourth cut and the annual forage varied from 10.6 to 25.7 Mg/ha for the treated alfalfa and from 11.5 to 25.6 Mg/ha for the non-treated alfalfa. Forage yield at each cut accounted for 39.6, 24.2, 17.6, and 18.6% of the 2013 season forage yield and 31.4, 23.8, 21.6, and 23.2% of the 2014 season forage yield, for the first, second, third, and fourth cut, respectively. Alfalfa water use efficiency varied from 0.06 to 3.3 kg/m3. The relationships developed in this study could be used by forage growers, crop consultants, and project managers for decision making and planning to improve the productivity of water under the semiarid and arid climate of New Mexico and the surrounding regions.

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Effects of Irrigation Amount and Irrigation Frequency on Flue-Cured Tobacco Evapotranspiration and Water Use Efficiency Based on Three-Year Field Drip-Irrigated Experiments

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9100624 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 624

Author(s):

Jianfang Guang ◽

Xiaohou Shao ◽

Qisong Miao ◽

Xu Yang ◽

Chao Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

Irrigation Treatment ◽

Irrigation Frequency ◽

Irrigation Amount ◽

Irrigation Water Use Efficiency ◽

Irrigation Water Use ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

The Relationship

This study aimed to determine the effect of irrigation amount and irrigation frequency on drip-irrigated flue-cured tobacco evapotranspiration (ETa), yield, and water use efficiency. Four irrigation treatment levels were imposed: 100% IRT (fully irrigated treatment, no stress), 85% IRT, 70% IRT, RFT (rainfed treatment), and high, medium, and low irrigation frequencies were set. The relationship between irrigation volume and yield is a quadratic curve. The evapotranspiration had a positive relationship with the irrigation amount. The yield of flue-cured tobacco was the highest in 2016 (wet year), and the corresponding ETa was the smallest. The irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) in the driest year, 2017, was lower than IWUE in the wet years 2015 and 2016, and the crop water use efficiency (CWUE) had similar results for the three years. IWUE increased with irrigation amount. The effect of irrigation frequency on CWUE was not significant. The CWUE had a positive relationship with yield. No significant differences due to irrigation frequency were found for yield.

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Salt Leaching with Brackish Water during Growing Season Improves Cotton Growth and Productivity, Water Use Efficiency and Soil Sustainability in Southern Xinjiang

Water ◽

10.3390/w13182602 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (18) ◽

pp. 2602 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chao Xiao ◽

Meng Li ◽

Junliang Fan ◽

Fucang Zhang ◽

Yi Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Brackish Water ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Irrigation Amount ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Salt Distribution ◽

Irrigation Levels ◽

Southern Xinjiang

Low water use efficiency and soil salinization are two main factors limiting cotton production in southern Xinjiang. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of brackish water irrigation levels on cotton growth, yield and soil water–salt dynamics in southern Xinjiang, so as to provide a theoretical and experimental basis for the development and utilization of brackish water. There were three irrigation levels: W1 (75 mm + 80%ETc), W2 (150 mm + 80%ETc) and W3 (240 mm + 80%ETc) at the seeding stage (S1), seeding stage + budding stage (S2) and seeding stage + budding stage + flowering stage (S3), with an irrigation amount of 450 mm during spring as the CK (the local reference level) (10 treatments in total). The salt of the local brackish water used was 3 g·L−1. Film-mulched drip irrigation experiments were conducted to observe cotton growth, aboveground dry matter, cotton yield, soil water and salt distribution, as well as other indicators. The results showed that the irrigation applications of S3 can improve the soil moisture and salt distribution of the root zone. The salt accumulation at the harvest stage of W3S3 was reduced by 39.5% and 2.8% compared with W3S1 and W3S2, respectively. More frequent irrigation applications can reduce a soil’s total dissolved solids (TDS), avoid exceeding the salt tolerance threshold of 4.8 g kg−1 and lead to higher aboveground dry matter and cotton yields. W3S3 obtained the highest yield of 5685 kg ha−1, which was increased by 39.59%, 7.85% and 11.25% compared with W3S1, W3S2 and CK, respectively. The higher the irrigation amount, the less water use efficiency (WUE), following the order of S3 > S2 > S1 > CK at various growth stages. W3S1 obtained the lowest WUE of 0.64 kg·m−3. Comprehensively considering the effects of soil moisture retention and salt suppression, cotton growth, yield and water use efficiency, an irrigation amount of 240 mm brackish water at three growth stages, with 80%ETc for irrigation, is recommended for the sustainable production of cotton in southern Xinjiang.

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