Maize Yield Losses Due to Farmers' Use of Own Seed Saved from Previous Maize Crop

Five irrigation treatments (0, 2, 6 and 24 h ponding in furrows plus a 6-h flooded treatment) were applied at the first two irrigations after emergence of a maize crop. Water was ponded for 6 h in the furrows or on the flooded plots at each of the 10 subsequent irrigations.The irrigation treatments had a significant effect on plant growth, resulting in final DM yields of 22.3, 19.7, 19.2, 18.7 and 13.9 t/ha for the 0, 2,6, 24 h furrow irrigations and the 6 h flood treatment respectively. The 2, 6 and 24 h furrow treatments did not perform differently in any of the parameters measured, indicating that a threshold level of waterlogging was reached in all three compared with the zero ponding treatment.Nitrogen applications of 25 kg N/ha to the soil or foliage prior to each of the first two irrigations did not reduce the severity of the waterlogging treatments, despite herbage N levels being significantly depressed in the flooded plots. Similarly, soil fungicide application did not mitigate the waterlogging effects.Individual plants within the treatment populations differed greatly in their response to the waterlogging treatments. The effect on individual plants persisted until final harvest. Cultural methods which may prevent the yield losses associated with the first irrigation of maize are discussed.

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APLICAÇÃO DE NITROGÊNIO COMPLEMENTAR VIA FOLIAR NA CULTURA DO MILHO SUBMETIDO AO DESPENDOAMENTO

Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo ◽

10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v18n1p123-132 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 123-132

Author(s):

CRIZ RENÊ ZANOVELLO ◽

FABIANO PACENTCHUK ◽

JAQUELINE HUZAR-NOVAKOWISKI ◽

GUILHERME ZAMBONIN ◽

ANTHONY HASEGAWA SANDINI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crop Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Maize Yield ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Leaf Nitrogen ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Maize Crop ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Negative Effect

RESUMO – O milho é uma planta monoica, e a geração de novos híbridos exige a remoção do pendão das plantas.Sabe-se que a remoção do pendão possui efeito negativo na produtividade da cultura. Contudo, a aplicação de Ncomplementar, via foliar, poderia minimizar essas perdas. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar como o Ncomplementar afeta a produtividade e os componentes de rendimento da cultura do milho submetida ao despendoamento.O estudo foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2 x 3 x 5, sendo duas safras(2014/15 e 2015/16), três momentos de despendoamento (sem despondoamento, arranquio de 2-3 folhas e arranquiode 4-5 folhas antes do pendoamento) e cinco doses de N complementar (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 L ha-1) aplicadas no estádio depré-pendoamento (VT). Não foi verificada interação N complementar X despendoamento para nenhuma das variáveisestudadas. A menor produtividade foi verificada no despendoamento de 4-5 folhas. A aplicação de N complementaraumentou a produtividade da cultura do milho, e a aplicação de 11,5 L ha-1 incrementou a produtividade em 448 kgha-1. O despendoamento diminuiu a produtividade da cultura do milho, quanto mais precoce o despendoamento, maisnegativo é o efeito na produtividade.Palavras-chave: Melhoramento genético, N complementar, pendoamento, produção de sementes, Zea mays.FOLIAR APPLICATION OF COMPLEMENTARY NITROGEN,IN MAIZE SUBJECTED TO DETASSELINGABSTRACT – Maize is a monoic plant and the generation of new hybrids requires the removal of the tassel from theplants, which has a negative effect on crop yield. However, the use of complementary leaf nitrogen (N) fertilization,could minimize the yield losses. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect os the application ofcomplementary N affects on yield of the maize crop subjected to detasseling. The study was carried out in a randomizedcomplete block design, with a 2 x 3 x 5 factorial scheme and four replications. Two growing seasons (2014/15 and2015/16), three detasseling moments (without detasseling, detasseling of 2-3 leaves, and detasseling of 4-5 leaves)and five doses of complementary N (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 L ha-1) applied at the VT stage. There was no interaction betweencomplementary N and detasseling for any of the variables studied. The lowest yield was verified with the detasselingof 4-5 leaves. The application of complementary N showed a positive effect on maize yield, and the application of 11.5L ha-1 of complementary N provided yield increase of 448 kg ha-1. The detasseling technique had negative effects onmaize crop yield, the earlier is the detasseling, the more negative is the effect on yield.Keywords: Genetic improvement, Seed production, tasseling, Zea mays.

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Maize MAIZE YIELD AS AFFECTED BY METHODS OF TILLAGE AND WEED MANAGEMEMNT

JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH ◽

10.28941/pjwsr.v27i1.892 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 51-66

Author(s):

Haseeb Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Weed Control ◽

Weed Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Maize Yield ◽

Control Methods ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Maize Crop

An experiment entitled: Maize yield as affected by methods of tillage and weed control methods was conducted at Agronomy Research Farms, The University of Agriculture Peshawar during summer 2016. The study was conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement having four replications. Tillage practices 1) Chisel plough + rotavator 2) Mouldboard plough + rotavator 3) Cultivator + rotavator and 4) Rotavator were assigned to main plots. Weed management practices included 1) Control, 2) Hoeing 15 days after sowing 3) Hoeing 15 and 30 days after sowing 4) Hoeing 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing, and 4) Herbicide (nicosulfuron) were kept into the subplots. The results revealed that chisel plough + rotavator has significantly reduced weeds m-2 (122, 101 and 125 weeds m-2), weeds fresh weight (19.73 g m-2, 116.35 g m-2 and 252.56 g m-2) and weeds dry weight (6.83 g m-2, 38.69 g m-2 and 80.61 g m-2) at 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing, respectively. The operation of chisel plough + rotavator has produced tallest plants (221.22 cm) with maximum grain rows ear-1 (16), grain yield (3586 kg ha-1) and shelling percentage (78.14%). Among weed control methods, hoeing 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing revealed maximum plant height (226.41 cm), grain rows ear-1 (16), grain yield (3604 kg ha-1) and shelling percentage (79.11%). All weed control methods have showed significant reduction in weeds m-2, weeds fresh weight and weeds dry weight. Interaction was also found significant for weeds m-2 at 60 DAS and grain yield of maize. Lowest weeds (56 weeds m-2) at 60 DAS and highest grain yield (4569 kg ha-1) was recorded when seedbed was prepared with chisel plough + rotavator with 3 hoeings (hoeing 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing). It is concluded that treatment of chisel plough + rotavator and hoeing 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing has significantly produced maximum grain yield of maize crop.

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Boron Fertilization and Its Fate: Maize - Sunflower Cropping System

Madras Agricultural Journal ◽

10.29321/maj.04.000413 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 104 (4 - 6) ◽

Author(s):

Jegadeeswari D ◽

◽

Muthumanickam D

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Cropping System ◽

Maize Yield ◽

Residual Fraction ◽

Continuous Cropping ◽

Maize Crop ◽

Stover Yield ◽

Stalk Yield

A field experiment was conducted in B deficient soil (0.37 mg kg-1) to assess the frequency and level of B application for increasing crop yields in maize - sunflower cropping system, fate of B pools in soils system and to monitor the changes in soil fertility and productivity due to different levels and frequency of B application under continuous cropping system at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore since 2012. The analysis of initial soil samples indicated that experimental soil was neutral in soil pH and free from salinity with sandy clay in texture. The grain and stover yield of maize crop varied from 5.51-8.38 and 5.16 to 8.00 t ha-1 , respectively and significantly differed with rate of B application. Among the B levels application of B @ 1.0 kg ha-1 registered the maximum grain and stover yield of 7.55 and 7.00 t ha-1 , respectively and was followed by application of 1.5 kg ha-1, however they were on par with each other. After the harvest of maize crop, sunflower was raised and harvested and the grain and stalk yields were recorded. Among the B levels, application of B @ 1.0 kg ha-1 registered the maximum seed yield of 2.33 t ha-1 respectively and was followed by application of 0.5 kg ha-1. The interaction between the rate of B application and frequency significantly differed with grain and stalk yield. Among the frequency levels, application of B to maize crop alone every year (F3) registered the maximum seed yield as compared to others. The interaction effect revealed that application of B @ 0.5 kg ha-1 to all crop registered the highest seed yield of 2.79 t ha-1 respectively. Boron fractions like available boron, specifically adsorbed B, oxide B, organically bound B, residual B status and total boron contents were analysed after the harvest of second crop. The results revealed that the available B status varied from 0.277 to 1.940 mg kg-1,specifically adsorbed B ranged from 0.190 to 1.332,oxide bound B status in soil varied from 0.127 to 0.89 mg kg-1, organically bound B status in soil varied from 0.235 to 1.644 mg kg-1, residual fraction of B varied from 41.61 to 291.8 and total boron varied from 42.44 to 297.6 mg kg-1. Boron application resulted in significant increase in maize yield as first crop and sunflower as residual crop, respectively. Among the B fractions the order was residual B >organically bound > specifically adsorbed > oxide bound B. Application of B @ 2.0 kg ha-1 significantly registered the highest available B in soil (1.038 mg kg-1) and among the frequencies, application of B to all crops registered the highest available B (1.32 mg kg-1). The actual fraction of B fertilizer removed by the crops is only 1-2 % of the total applied fertilizer through soil.

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Spatial Pattern of Agricultural Productivity Trends in Malawi

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12041313 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 1313

Author(s):

Leah M. Mungai ◽

Joseph P. Messina ◽

Sieglinde Snapp

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Time Series ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽

Time Series Data ◽

Agricultural Productivity ◽

Household Survey ◽

Maize Yield ◽

Series Data ◽

Maize Crop

This study aims to assess spatial patterns of Malawian agricultural productivity trends to elucidate the influence of weather and edaphic properties on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) seasonal time series data over a decade (2006–2017). Spatially-located positive trends in the time series that can’t otherwise be accounted for are considered as evidence of farmer management and agricultural intensification. A second set of data provides further insights, using spatial distribution of farmer reported maize yield, inorganic and organic inputs use, and farmer reported soil quality information from the Malawi Integrated Household Survey (IHS3) and (IHS4), implemented between 2010–2011 and 2016–2017, respectively. Overall, remote-sensing identified areas of intensifying agriculture as not fully explained by biophysical drivers. Further, productivity trends for maize crop across Malawi show a decreasing trend over a decade (2006–2017). This is consistent with survey data, as national farmer reported yields showed low yields across Malawi, where 61% (2010–11) and 69% (2016–17) reported yields as being less than 1000 Kilograms/Hectare. Yields were markedly low in the southern region of Malawi, similar to remote sensing observations. Our generalized models provide contextual information for stakeholders on sustainability of productivity and can assist in targeting resources in needed areas. More in-depth research would improve detection of drivers of agricultural variability.

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Maize Yield Losses Caused by Southern Corn Rust 1

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci1980.0011183x002000060035x ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 812-814 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Roduel Rodriguez‐Ardon ◽

Gene E. Scott ◽

Stanley B. King

Keyword(s):

Maize Yield ◽

Yield Losses ◽

Southern Corn Rust

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Methods and time of application of labelled nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in maize (Zea mays L.) cultivation

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600044294 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 104 (3) ◽

pp. 529-534

Author(s):

E. P. Papanicolaou ◽

V. D. Skarlou ◽

C. Nobeli ◽

N. S. Katranis

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Alluvial Soil ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Maize Yield ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Maize Crop ◽

Time Of Application ◽

Maize Grain

SummaryIn this study two field experiments were conducted on a heavy to medium heavy, calcareous, recent alluvial soil of Central Greece. The main aim of these experiments was to study the effect of the most common nitrogen sources, applied in one or two doses, on maize growth and fertilizer utilization. Foliar application of urea was also a treatment included in these experiments.Phosphorus alone had no significant effect on maize yield. Nitrogen (various forms), alone or in combination with phosphorus, increased the yield and nitrogen content of maize. Maize yield was not significantly affected by the form of nitrogen or by dividing the application of nitrogen. Foliar applications of urea were as effective as soil applications in increasing maize grain yields.The percentage of fertilizer nitrogen taken up (utilization coefficient) ranged between ca. 58% for sodium nitrate and ammonium nitrate, and ca. 39% for ammonium sulphate and urea, when the fertilizers were applied about 10 weeks after sowing. Foliar urea was nearly as efficiently utilized as urea applied as a sidedressing. Application of the tested fertilizers before sowing was nearly as efficient as or more efficient than application of the fertilizers as a sidedressing at 70 cm plant height (38 days after sowing). Finally, addition of 120 kg N/ha enhanced the amount of soil nitrogen taken up in the maize crop by 33%.

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Maize/Weed Competition Experiments: Implications for Tropical Small-Farm Weed Control Research

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479700012801 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 341-347 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

R. Vernon ◽

J. M. H. Parker

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Critical Period ◽

Maize Yield ◽

Weed Competition ◽

Labour Demand ◽

Small Farms ◽

Yield Losses ◽

Small Farm ◽

Control Research ◽

Maize Yields

SUMMARYTwo sets of experiments examined the effects of weeds on maize yields using weeding methods typical of small farms in Zambia where oxen are used for cultivation. Maize yield losses of 30% due to weeds were evident with common weeding practices. A critical period of competition, during which the crop should be kept clean, was demonstrated from 10 to 30 days after emergence. This is a period of peak labour demand and the prospect of using chemical weed control to ease the situation is considered. The value of weed competition data, given its variability between sites, is discussed.

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Maize second-crop intercropped with forages and soil correction depths: grain yield and forages root distribution

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v9i7.4778 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. e798974778 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Izabela Rodrigues Sanches ◽

Edson Lazarini ◽

Eduardo Augusto Pontes Pechoto ◽

Fabiana Lopes dos Santos ◽

João William Bossolani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Soil Acidity ◽

Maize Yield ◽

Root Diameter ◽

No Tillage ◽

Maize Crop ◽

Compacted Soils ◽

Productive Potential ◽

Tillage System ◽

Harmful Effects

Correction of soils is a required practice that aims to reduce the harmful effects of soil acidity, promote better development of the plants and ensure the productive potential of agriculture. In this sense, the objective of this work was to evaluate the maize yield in monoculture and / or intercropped and to study the development of Urochloa spp roots according to different combinations of chemical correction of the soil in rainfed conditions. The experiment was developed in an experimental area, Selvíria, MS, Brazil in dystrophic Oxisol. The experimental design used was the randomized blocks with subplots, with three replications. The soil correction treatments were arranged in the plots (control, gypsum, lime (0 - 0.2 m); lime and gypsum (0 - 0.2 m); lime (0 - 0.4 m); lime and gypsum (0 - 0.4 m)), and the subplots were occupied with maize, maize intercropped with U. ruziziensis or with Mulato II hybrid (Convert HD 364) The two intercrop with forages produced sufficient amounts of straw to start and/or maintain no-tillage system in the Cerrado region and the presence of forage in maize crop did not influence grain yield. The Mulato II hybrid had a larger root diameter, being more indicated for compacted soils, however longest root lengths were obtained by U. ruziziensis.

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Optimization of Sowing Date, Irrigation, and Nitrogen Management of Summer Maize Using the DSSAT-CERES-Maize Model in the Guanzhong Plain, China

Transactions of the ASABE ◽

10.13031/trans.13654 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 789-797

Author(s):

Hongzheng Shen ◽

Fangping Xu ◽

Rongheng Zhao ◽

Xuguang Xing ◽

Xiaoyi Ma

Keyword(s):

Maize Yield ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Nitrogen Management ◽

Agricultural System ◽

Model Parameters ◽

List Type ◽

Summer Maize ◽

Maize Crop ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Dssat Model

HighlightsGood applicability of DSSAT was validated in simulating summer maize yield in the Guanzhong Plain, China.Optimal sowing dates of summer maize were obtained for different climatic years.The optimal irrigation and nitrogen management strategy conserved water and nitrogen. Abstract. Agricultural system models play an important role in simulating crop growth processes and water and fertilizer regulation in arid regions. To solve the current problems of optimizing the sowing date in different climatic years and the fertilizer application in low-precipitation conditions in the Guanzhong Plain, China, this study used two years (2016-2017) of experimental summer maize field data to calibrate and validate Decision Support System for Agro-technology Transfer (DSSAT) model parameters. The validated DSSAT model was then used to simulate and optimize sowing dates, irrigation, and fertilization of summer maize crops in the Guanzhong Plain. The relative root-mean-square error (nRMSE) between the measured and simulated values of summer maize crop yield was 8.57%, proving that the established DSSAT model and crop parameters were highly reliable. The nRMSE values for soil water content and nitrate-nitrogen were 7.86% and 8.72%, respectively, which indicated better simulation results. The optimal sowing date for summer maize in the Guanzhong Plain were mid- to late June, mid-June, and early to mid-June in wet, general, and dry years, respectively. The irrigation and nitrogen strategies for summer maize in the climatic years were as follows: 60 mm and 180 kg ha-1 in wet years, 60 mm and 180 kg ha-1 in general years, and 150 mm and 150 kg ha-1 in dry years. This study provides a scientific decision-making method for the production of summer maize to conserve water and fertilizer. Keywords: . Climatic year, DSSAT, Guanzhong Plain, Sowing date, Summer maize.

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