Internet access, beliefs about HIV transmission and HIV–AIDS testing among women in Cameroon

: Iran has been one of the active countries fighting against HIV/AIDS in the Middle East during the last decades. Moreover, there is a strong push to strengthen the national health management system concerning HIV prevention and control. In Iran, HIV disease has its unique features, from changes in modes of transmission to improvement in treatment and care programs, which can make it a good case for closer scrutiny. The present review describes the HIV epidemic in Iran from the first case diagnosed until prevention among different groups at risk and co-infections. Not only we addressed the key populations and community-based attempts to overcome HIV-related issues in clinics, but we also elaborated on the efforts and trends in society and the actual behaviors related to HIV/AIDS. Being located in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, given the countryspecific characteristics, and despite all the national efforts along with other countries in this region, Iran still needs to take extra measures to reduce HIV transmission, especially in health education. Although Iran is one of the pioneers in implementing applicable and appropriate policies in the MENA region, including harm reduction services to reduce HIV incidence, people with substance use disorder continue to be the majority of those living with HIV in the country. Similar to other countries in this region, the HIV prevention and control programs aim at 90-90-90 targets to eliminate HIV infection and reduce the transmission, especially the mother-to-child transmission and among other key populations.

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Epidemiological characteristics of HIV/AIDS in west China

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1258/095646206776790105 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 324-328 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Zhi Hu ◽

Xia Qin ◽

Min-Zhen Zhu ◽

Sen Yang ◽

Xue-Jun Zhang

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Hiv Transmission ◽

Risk Behaviour ◽

Sexual Risk Behaviour ◽

The West ◽

Access To Treatment ◽

Aids Epidemic ◽

Care Workers ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics ◽

Hiv Aids

China is facing a major crisis because of the increasing epidemic of HIV/AIDS, especially in the western areas. The purpose of this paper is to enhance understanding of the crisis by analysing the published literature on the epidemiology, demographic features, routes of infection, and risk factors of HIV/AIDS infection in the 12 provinces in the west of China. HIV/AIDS has increased rapidly in recent years. The situation is urgent and requires comprehensive action. China's health care system is decentralized and under-funded, and access to treatment by the poor is seriously limited. There is a lack of knowledge about HIV/AIDS in the general public and health care workers. The HIV/AIDS epidemic emerged initially in western areas of the country by means of intravenous drug use, but sexual risk behaviour and mother-to-child transmissions in the west of China are becoming important for HIV transmission.

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P3.124 Adolescents living with hiv/aids – different approaches in different modes of hiv transmission

10.1136/sextrans-2017-053264.359 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Krysna Pires ◽

Eveline Xavier-Souza ◽

Maiara Timbó ◽

Raiza Trindade ◽

Camila Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Transmission ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

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Navigating the Complexity of HIV/AIDS in African Peacekeeping Missions: Challenges and Prospects

Journal of International Peacekeeping ◽

10.1163/18754112-1704010 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 17 (3-4) ◽

pp. 361-384

Author(s):

Ayodele Akenroye

Keyword(s):

Cold War ◽

Hiv Transmission ◽

Ethnic Conflicts ◽

Post Conflict ◽

Un Peacekeeping ◽

Un Security Council ◽

Peacekeeping Missions ◽

The Cold War ◽

Hiv Aids

The end of the Cold War witnessed the resurgence of ethnic conflicts in Africa, which necessitated the deployment of peacekeeping missions in many crisis contexts. The risk of HIV transmission increases in post-conflict environments where peacekeepers are at risk of contracting and spreading HIV/AIDS. In response, UN Security Council Resolution 1308 (2000) stressed the need for the UN to incorporate HIV/AIDS prevention awareness skills and advice in its training for peacekeepers. However, troops in peacekeeping missions remain under national command, thus limiting the UN prerogatives. This article discusses the risk of peacekeepers contracting or transmitting HIV/AIDS, as well as the role of peacekeeping missions in controlling the spread of the disease, and offers an account of the steps taken within UN peacekeeping missions and African regional peacekeeping initiatives to tackle the challenges of HIV/AIDS. While HIV/AIDS remains a scourge that could weaken peacekeeping in Africa, it seems that inertia has set in, making it even more difficult to tackle the complexity of this phenomenon.

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Demographic Features of Identified PLWHA Infected through Commercial and Nonmarital Noncommercial Heterosexual Contact in China from 2015 – 2018: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-28378/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zhilong Dong ◽

Liying Ma ◽

Chang Cai ◽

George Fu Gao ◽

Fan Lyu

Keyword(s):

Marital Status ◽

Educational Level ◽

Hiv Transmission ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Heterosexual Transmission ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Heterosexual Contact ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hiv Aids

Abstract Background:Understanding the demographic characteristics of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) infected through commercial heterosexual contact (CHC) or nonmarital noncommercial heterosexual contact (NMNCHC) is important for HIV/AIDS prevention and control.Methods:Cases reported through the Chinese HIV/AIDS Case Reporting System (CRS) from 2015 to 2018 were analyzed. A descriptive and preliminary inferential analysis were performed for those demographic characteristics deemed of interest.Results:Overall, 523,121 identified PLWHA between 2015 and 2018 in the CRS were analyzed. The constituent ratio of heterosexual transmission increased from 66.25% in 2015 to 71.48% in 2018. The proportion of CHC heterosexual transmission decreased from 40.18% in 2015 to 37.99% in 2018, while that of NMNCHC increased from 46.33% in 2015 to 49.02% in 2018. PLWHA infected through NMNCHC were significantly younger than those who were infected through CHC (Student’s t test, P<0.0001), with an average age gap ranging from 5.63 (2015) to 7.46 (2018) years, and the average age of both groups increased annually. The frequency of newly identified PLWHA who were infected through CHC had a remarkable increase among the ages of 65 and above. Gender distribution was significantly different between CHC and NMNCHC (χ2 = 8909.00(2015), 9941.90(2016), 11004.00 (2017), 12836.00(2018), all P < 0.0001), and the ratio of men to women in the NMCHC group was 1.50:1 (2015), 1.51:1 (2016), 1.54:1 (2017), and 1.52:1 (2018), while in the commercial heterosexual contact (CHC) group, these ratios were 11.45:1 (2015), 12.08:1 (2016), 12.53:1 (2017), and 13.28:1 (2018). Marital status was significantly different between CHC and NMNCHC (χ2 = 94.67 (2015), 109.88(2016), 58.18(2017), 152.38(2018), all P < 0.0001). As the educational level improved, the proportion of NMNCHC also increased (Cochran - Armitage test, P<0.0001).Conclusions:We found that heterosexual transmission was the primary mode of HIV transmission in China from 2015 to 2018. PLWHA infected through CHC and NMNCHC had different characteristics in age, gender, marital status, and educational level. The frequency of PLWHA infected through CHC increased substantially in the age group of 65 and above. This study provides useful baseline data for future studies on the heterosexual transmission of HIV in China.

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Comparison assessment regarding the Awareness, Behaviors and Attitude towards HIV/AIDS of Dental students in comparison to other allied science

Science Progress and Research ◽

10.52152/spr.2020.01.103 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lovepreet Singh ◽

Kanu priya ◽

Kajal Chaudhary

Keyword(s):

Nursing Students ◽

Hiv Transmission ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Dental Students ◽

Care Staff ◽

North India ◽

Health Care Staff ◽

Sexual Symptoms ◽

Aids Awareness ◽

Hiv Aids

Introduction: HIV/AIDS, a pandemic epidemic impacting 40 million people around the world within a limited period. The largest victims of the epidemic, representing 95% of the world's overall HIV transmission, are adults in developed countries. Objectives: Dentists and nurses taking charge of these patients should have ample awareness of the disease as a consequence of a growing number of HIV/AIDS patients and their conduct and actions should be satisfactory. Our research attempted to determine the awareness levels of dental students including UG-PG and nursing students concerning HIV/AIDS and to study attitudes and actions and information gaps between dental and nursing students. The research involved dental and nursing students from our university. Methods:- A questionnaire was given to a total of 300 applicants, 150 dental graduates, 150 nursing graduates and all of them accessed. Results:- According to ninety-eight point-six AIDS were CD4-T lymphocytes. Sixty percent (60 percent) of dental students claimed that both care and treatment for AIDS were present. Thirty percent (30 percent) of dental students believed that AIDS care was available, while ten percent (10 percent) of dental students believed that AIDS treatment was present. Fifty percent (50 percent) of nursing students claimed that AIDS are present in both recovery and remedy. In our research, it was observed that HIV/AIDS awareness in developing countries such as India is deficient. Increased knowledge may contribute to a decrease in fear of caring for patients infected with HIV. There are studies measuring HIV/AIDS awareness and attitude among oral health care staff in North India, but so far no such research has been undertaken evaluating the knowledge and attitude of dental and nursing students. Conclusions: For most factors, such as fragile ages, forms of transmission, sexual symptoms and common illness, the research sample was quite satisfactory. But misunderstandings still occurred in both dental and nursing students.

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19. Navigating Sexual Health within a Desexualized Body: HIV/AIDS & Disability

Inquiry@Queen's Undergraduate Research Conference Proceedings ◽

10.24908/iqurcp.10683 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Emily Osborne

Keyword(s):

Sexual Health ◽

Hiv Transmission ◽

Health Knowledge ◽

Health Resources ◽

Future Research ◽

Sexual Health Education ◽

And Gender ◽

To Receive ◽

Sexual Health Knowledge ◽

Hiv Aids

This research explores commonly overlooked intersections of disability and HIV/AIDS, theorizing that institutional desexualization of disabled students in educational settings is correlated with higher rates of HIV transmission later in life. Working primarily within the fields of disability studies, HIV/AIDS studies, and gender studies, this project targets the gap in research on disability and HIV/AIDS, understanding disabled individuals as being at a heightened risk for HIV transmission yet simultaneously being less likely to receive sexual health education than non-disabled peers, as seen in emerging research by Nora Grace (2003; 2004). This research theorizes a relationship between institutional desexualization and HIV transmission later in life. Specifically, this relationship may exist in the following pattern, beginning with early and continued desexualization of disabled individuals leading to social assumptions of universal asexuality, thus potentially causing a lack of sexual health resources and education due to this assumed sexual inactivity. A lack of sexual health resources may influence higher rates of engagement in high-risk sexual activity due to this lack of sexual health knowledge among disabled individuals, which could thus account for higher rates of HIV transmission within disabled populations. In establishing disabled individuals as at heightened risk for HIV and disrupting the desexualization of disability, I provide recommendations for future research and policy pathways in the aim of further exploring the intersections of HIV/AIDS and disability in order to reduce the rates of HIV transmission within disabled population.

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Analysis of HIV Transmission of Commercial Sex Wokers and Their Clients with Condom Use Treatment

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/201912505003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 125 ◽

pp. 05003 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sutimin ◽

Siti Khabibah ◽

Dita Anies Munawwaroh ◽

R. Heri Soelistyo U

Keyword(s):

Condom Use ◽

Global Stability ◽

Sex Workers ◽

Hiv Transmission ◽

Equilibrium States ◽

Endemic Equilibrium ◽

Reproduction Ratio ◽

Aids Epidemic ◽

The Impact ◽

Hiv Aids

A model of the HIV/AIDS epidemic among sex workers and their clients is discussed to study the effects of condom use in the prevention of HIV transmission. The model is addressed to determine the existence of equilibrium states, and then analyze the global stability of disease free and endemic equilibrium states. The global stability of equilibria depends on the vales of the basic reproduction ratio derived from the next generation matrix of the model. The endemic equilibrium state is globally stable when the ratio exceeds unity. The simulation results are presented to discuss the effect of condom use treatment in preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS among sex workers and their clients. The results show that the effectiveness level in using condoms in sexual intercourse corresponds to the decreasing level of the spread of HIV/AIDS. We use Maple and Matlab software to simulate the impact of condom use.

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Homelessness and HIV Transmission

10.1093/med/9780199392742.003.0030 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Kimberly Livingstone ◽

Daniel B. Herman ◽

Naomi Adler ◽

Ezra S. Susser

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Cause Of Death ◽

Hiv Transmission ◽

The United States ◽

Homeless Persons ◽

Hiv Prevalence ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

Hiv Aids

Homelessness is associated with both poorer health and higher risk of morbidity and mortality. Recent research suggests that with growing availability of antiretroviral therapy and the expansion of housing alternatives for chronically homeless persons, HIV is no longer a leading cause of death among the homeless. Nonetheless, HIV prevalence is significantly higher among homeless persons than among their housed counterparts. This chapter examines the association between HIV/AIDS and homelessness in the United States. After providing a brief overview of homelessness and the characteristics of specific homeless subpopulations, we discuss HIV prevalence, transmission, treatment and prevention among people who are homeless in the United States.

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