Thermal properties of combat uniforms treated with microencapsulated octadecane and change in clothing microclimate via thermal manikin

This study investigated the differences in thermal properties of primary seam types used in athletic apparel construction. Traditional seam types, such as overlock and flatlock, as well as adhesive films, were studied. Laboratory experiments in a controlled environment showed that adhesives created a considerably thinner seam than the other methods, while flatlock seaming showed the greatest increase in the garment weight because of dense stitching. A series of thermal manikin tests and statistical analysis showed a significantly higher thermal insulation rating in a bodysuit constructed with flatlock seams, which was found to have lower air permeability than the overlock and adhesive physical property testing samples. There was no significant difference in water vapor transport properties among the three test seams. The findings of this study provide the impacts of seams on thermal properties of active bodywear, which may have practical applications in the sports apparel industry’s decision-making in activewear design and production.

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Comparative Analysis of the Thermal Insulation of Multi-Layer Thermal Inserts in a Protective Jacket

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13122672 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 2672

Author(s):

Dubravko Rogale ◽

Goran Majstorović ◽

Snježana Firšt Rogale

Keyword(s):

Thermal Properties ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

Thermal Insulation ◽

Professional Services ◽

Cold Weather ◽

Complete Analysis ◽

Thermal Manikin ◽

Scientific Methods ◽

Textile Materials ◽

Measurement Results

This paper presents the measurement results of the thermal insulation of the outer shell, thermal inserts, and clothing systems, as well as a comparative analysis of the thermal insulation of multi-layer thermal inserts in a thermal jacket intended for professional services in cold weather. Detachable thermal inserts are made of double-faced, diamond-shaped quilted lining with different masses per unit area, and together with the jacket, they form clothing systems with different thermal properties. Tests of the thermal properties of clothing were performed on a thermal manikin. They showed that an increase in the mass of thermal insulation textile materials contributes to an increase in the thermal insulation properties of clothing and are insufficient for a complete analysis of the thermal properties of clothing. Therefore, for the first time, three new parameters of integration efficiency of the thermal insert, thermal insulation efficiency parameters, and efficiency parameters of the integration of the textile material integrated into the clothing system were introduced. Based on these parameters, it is possible to perform an effective and accurate comparative analysis of the thermal insulation of multi-layer thermal inserts in clothing. This makes it possible to apply exact scientific methods largely in the technical design of the thermal properties of integrated textile materials, instead of experience-based methods as in the past.

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Thermal Properties of Special New Generation Personal Protective Clothing for Firefighters-Rescuers

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0015.6479 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (80) ◽

pp. 45-67

Author(s):

Marzena Rachwał ◽

Małgorzata Majder-Łopatka ◽

Tomasz Węsierski ◽

Artur Ankowski ◽

Magdalena Młynarczyk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Properties ◽

Thermal Insulation ◽

Protective Clothing ◽

Body Shape ◽

Thermal Protection ◽

Thermal Manikin ◽

Protective Equipment ◽

Everyday Work ◽

New Generation ◽

Full Body

Every day, firefighters put their health and life at risk by saving people and their property not only during fires, but by being always ready during all kinds of unfortunate events. Therefore, they need special personal protective equipment, including protective clothing. The purpose of the study was to compare thermal properties of new (PROTON and SYRIUSZ) and old (US-03) personal protective clothing for firefighters. Measurements of thermal insulation (total, effective and local) were carried out using a full body shape thermal manikin Newton consisting of 34 segments, in which temperature and heat flux were controlled independently. Results of the total thermal insulation of the entire clothing reveal differences between all three models. The lowest values were noticed for the model PROTON with light and shorter jacket and the highest values of thermal insulation for the new model SYRIUSZ, indicating that this model protect the user against heat most effectively. New models of personal protective clothing for firefighters should be recommended for use in everyday work, because they are characterized by better parameters than the previous type of protective clothing, both in terms of thermal protection and mobility.

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Thermal properties of thermal insulation chambers

Textile Research Journal ◽

10.1177/0040517520966718 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 004051752096671

Author(s):

Dubravko Rogale ◽

Snježana Firšt Rogale ◽

Goran Majstorović ◽

Goran Čubrić

Keyword(s):

Thermal Properties ◽

Thermal Resistance ◽

Thermal Insulation ◽

Thermal Protection ◽

Cold Weather ◽

Thermal Manikin ◽

Functional Dependencies ◽

Starting Point ◽

Wide Range ◽

Intelligent Clothing

The paper presents the investigation of thermal properties of thermal insulation chambers as an actuator in intelligent clothing, having the property of automatically adjusting the thermal protection level. The chambers are designed to vary their thickness based on the pressure of the inflated air in them. The pressure value measured in the thermal insulation chamber gives the microcomputer information on the thickness of the chamber. The paper presents the investigation of the functional dependencies of changes in the thickness of the chambers on the air pressure in them and the thermal resistance depending on the thickness of the thermal insulation chamber. Experimental thermal insulation chambers were made and integrated into an intelligent article of clothing and filled with air of 0–50 mbar, whereby chamber thicknesses of 0–25 mm were measured. Next, thermal resistance of 0.1876–0.5022 m2 k/W was measured on the thermal manikin. It was found that the ratio of thermal insulation of non-activated to maximally activated chambers was 1:2.7. Research has shown good results for the area where intelligent clothing can automatically adjust its thermal insulation properties. The technical systems described represent a suitable basis for experiments and scientific research during the introduction of intelligent clothing with active thermal protection into human life. The third-generation prototype shows very good properties from the aspect of automatic control of thermal protection in intelligent clothing. This forms the basis for further research. Cold protection has always been carried out by wearing garments with higher or lower thermal protection as well as wearing multiple layers of clothing. The conceptual starting point of the development of intelligent clothing is the development of an adaptive insulation layer with changeable thickness in the form of thermal insulation chambers filled with air. In this way, layered clothing as well as the use of several clothing layers can be avoided. Thus, one intelligent article of clothing regulating its thermal insulation properties can be used in a wide range of cold weather in the environment of the wearer.

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Study on Thermal Properties of Tibetan Robe Ensemble in Different Wearing Ways

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.367 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 332-334 ◽

pp. 367-370

Author(s):

Xiao Fang Guo ◽

Yun Yi Wang ◽

Min Wang

Keyword(s):

Thermal Properties ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Thermal Manikin ◽

Thermal Insulations

To reveal the thermal insulations of Tibetan robe ensembles in different wearing ways, total thermal insulations of 7 Tibetan robe ensembles in three wearing ways were measured by thermal manikin. Experimental results showed: wearing way did significantly affect thermal insulations of Tibetan robe ensembles (α=0.05), but the influence of fabric type on them was limited; intrinsic thermal insulations of Tibetan robe ensembles were changed 0.39clo—1.05clo by different wearing ways, and regulated rates were among 31%—50% according to fabric types.

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The Study on Effects of Walking on the Thermal Properties of Clothing and Subjective Comfort

Autex Research Journal ◽

10.2478/aut-2019-0016 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 228-243

Author(s):

Ivana Špelić ◽

Dubravko Rogale ◽

Alka Mihelić Bogdanić

Keyword(s):

Thermal Properties ◽

Thermal Insulation ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Thermal Manikin ◽

3D Cad ◽

The Impact ◽

Limiting Value ◽

Insulation Value

AbstractFormer studies done by other authors investigated the first- and second-layered air gaps beneath the clothing garments. None of the previous studies reported multidisciplinary clothing design testing approach linking both the objective measuring methods and subjective responses, while testing the thermal properties linked to a microclimatic volume formed between the layers of garments forming the ensemble. Neither was determined the limiting value of the microclimatic volume for outerwear garments, after which the thermal insulation will start to decrease due to convection. By taking the advantage of the precise three-dimensional (3D) body scanning technology and reverse engineering 3D CAD tool, the volume of the microclimatic air layers formed under outerwear garments was determined to study the impact of the ensemble’s microclimatic volume on the overall insulation value, measured by means of the thermal manikin. The jacket with the smaller microclimatic volume provided 5.2–13.5% less insulation than wider jackets, while the ensembles with tighter jackets showed 0.74–1.9% less insulation in static and 0.9–2.7% more insulation in dynamic conditions, thus proving that the limiting value of the microclimatic volume is greater than previously reported for three-layered ensembles. The effective thermal insulation value was reduced in average by 20.98–25.34% between standing and moving manikins. The thermal manikins are designed for steady-state measurements and do not work well under transient conditions, so three human subjects were employed as evaluators of the clothing thermal quality. In cooler climatic conditions, the measured physiological parameters and subjects’ grades pointed to discomfort while wearing ensembles with tighter jackets.

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The impact of structural solutions used in clothing protecting against cold on its thermal insulation

International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology ◽

10.1108/ijcst-01-2016-0001 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 28 (6) ◽

pp. 805-819 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anna Katarzyna Dabrowska

Keyword(s):

Thermal Properties ◽

Thermal Insulation ◽

Thermal Performance ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Thermal Manikin ◽

Content Type ◽

Design Solutions ◽

The Impact ◽

Structural Solutions ◽

Dominant Influence

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of design solutions used in clothing on the thermal resistance of the material systems from which the clothing is made, design solutions used in clothing on its thermal insulation and clothing size on its thermal insulation properties. Design/methodology/approach This study involved laboratory tests of clothing protecting against cold and textile systems used in this type of garment using a “skin model” test stand and a thermal manikin. Findings Analysis of the results obtained from tests carried out showed that the design solutions used in a garment can model its local and overall insulation. It was found that using a bib in trousers has a dominant influence on the thermal properties of clothing. An important parameter is also the use of a hood, as well as the length of the jacket. No significant effect of other structural solutions, such as jacket fastening, pockets and reflective tapes, on the thermal performance of the clothing set was noted. Originality/value Although the reports available in the literature pay a lot of attention to the impact of the design of clothing protecting against cold on its thermal performance, most of the presented research results relate to the aspects of fit, whereas the analyses of the effects of other aspects of garment construction on thermal properties are lacking. Therefore, the analysis of the impact of design solutions used in clothing on its thermal insulation properties is a key original factor of this paper.

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