Two Kinds of Naming in the Sophist

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-381
Author(s):  
Charlotte Stough
Keyword(s):  
The Third ◽  
Single Form ◽  
Vicious Regress ◽  
Theory Of Forms

A familiar tradition in Plato scholarship has it that self-predication is one of the most important issues to be settled in an attempt to understand Plato‘s metaphysical views. Perhaps only latent in the initial formulations of the theory of Forms, the problem becomes manifest in the Parmenides, especially in the Third Man Argument where the assumption that a Form can have the property that it is helps to generate a vicious regress destructive of the notion of a single Form over many particulars.

Plato’s Philosophy of Language

2019 ◽  
pp. 480-505
Author(s):  
Paolo Crivelli
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
The Third ◽  
Linguistic Dimension ◽  
Theory Of Forms

Ideas in and problems of philosophy of language surface frequently in Plato’s dialogues. Some passages briefly formulate, or presuppose, views about names, signification, truth, or falsehood; others are extended discussions of important themes of philosophy of language. This chapter focuses on three topics. The first is the linguistic dimension of the theory of Forms; the second is the discussion of names in the Cratylus, Plato’s only dialogue almost completely dedicated to linguistic themes; the third is the examination of semantic and ontological issues in the Sophist, whose linguistic section (259d9‒264b10) presents Plato’s most mature reflections on statements, truth, and falsehood.

scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN UNSUR REFERENSI DALAM WACANA POLITIK PADA SURAT KABAR BANJARMASIN POST EDISI FEBRUARI 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Hermansyah Hermansyah
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Written Discourse ◽  
Political Discourses ◽  
Demonstrative Reference ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
The Third ◽  
Person Reference ◽  
Single Form ◽  
Newspaper Data

Abstract The Use of Reference Elements in Political Discourse on the Newspaper ofBanjarmasin Post February 2017 Edition. The purpose of this study was todescribe the use of elements (1) persona references, (2) demonstrative references,and (3) comparative references contained in written discourse in the dailynewspaper of Banjarmasin Post February 2017 edition. This research is conductedby using qualitative approach with descriptive research method. Sources of data inthis study is the discourse in the newspaper. Data was extracted by usingdocumentation techniques. To analyze the data used qualitative analysistechniques. Based on the results of research on the Use of Reference Elements inPolitical Discourse on Newspaper of Banjarmasin Post Edition February 2017.The conclusion (1) there is the use of elements (a) references persona, (b)demonstrative reference, and (c) comparative reference in the political discourseof the letter news of Banjarmasin Post, February 2017 edition. (2) It is concludedthat of the twenty-four political discourses found it is stated that the more dominantpersona reference is used with 25 words, the demonstrative references with 24words, and comparative references with a single form. The first person referenceexample, that is me, and us, the third persona reference, that is, he, them, and theresearcher does not find a form that contains a second person reference, contains ademonstrative reference of time, ie today, yesterday, later, tomorrow, then, now.Demonstrative reference of place, that is, that, Peat, Batola, Amutai, Jakarta,comparative reference, that is the same thing. Key words: use of reference elements, political discourseAbstrak Penggunaan Unsur Referensi dalam Wacana Politik pada Surat KabarBanjarmasin Post Edisi Februari 2017. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untukmendeskripsikan penggunaan unsur (1) referensi persona, (2) referensidemonstratif, dan (3) referensi komparatif yang terdapat dalam wacana tulis di surat kabar harian Banjarmasin Post edisi Februari Tahun 2017. Penelitian inidilaksanakan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metodepenelitian deskriptif. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah wacana dalam suratkabar. Penggalian data ditempuh dengan menggunakan teknik dokumentasi. Untukmenganalisis data digunakan teknik analisis kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasilpenelitian tentang Penggunaan Unsur Referensi dalam Wacana Politik pada SuratKabar Banjarmasin Post Edisi Februari 2017. Diperoleh kesimpulan (1)terdapatnya penggunaan unsur (a) referensi persona, (b) referensi demonstratif,dan (c) referensi komparatif dalam pada wacana politik surat kabar BanjarmasinPost edisi Februari 2017. (2) Disimpulakan bahwa dari dua puluh empat wacanapolitik yang ditemukan dinyatakan bahwa referensi persona lebih dominandigunakan dengan 25 wujud kata, sedangkan referensi demonstratif dengan 24wujud kata, dan referensi komparatif dengan satu wujud kata. Contoh referensipersona pertama, yaitu saya, kami, dan kita, referensi persona ketiga, yaitu -nya,ia, dia, mereka, dan peneliti tidak menemukan wujud kata yang mengandungreferensi persona kedua, mengandung referensi demonstratif waktu, yaitu hari ini,sebelumnya, kemarin, nanti, besok, lalu, saat ini. Referensi demonstratif tempat,yaitu ini, itu, Gambut, Batola, Amutai, Jakarta, referensi komparatif, yaitu halyang sama. Kata-kata kunci: penggunaan unsur referensi, wacana politik

Relations and Infinite Regress in Plato

Dialogue ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-542
Author(s):  
Spiro Panagiotou
Keyword(s):  
Infinite Regress ◽  
Vicious Regress ◽  
Theory Of Forms

In a recent paper on “The Theory of Forms, Relations and Infiinite Regress” (Dialogue, Vol. 8 [1969–70], 116 ff.), T. G. Smith claims to have trapped Plato's theory of Forms in a vicious regress. According to Smith, the regress is “the consequence of 1) Plato's view that there are Forms for relations; 2) The view that the exemplifications of Forms are derivative and owe their lesser degree of reality to their relationship to their Form; 3) the consequence that each relation between a set of particulars and their Form must be intelligibly distinct and different from the relation holding between all other sets of particulars and their respective forms [Forms ?]” (p. 121). I have no particular quarrel with (1) and (2), but I cannot agree with (3). In what follows I hope to show that (3) not only cannot be extracted from Plato but it is patently false. In section I I shall outline Smith's argument. I shall then present in section II my case against it. I shall make some general remarks in section III.

The paradeigma shift

2021 ◽  
pp. 182-202
Author(s):  
Anna Marmodoro
Keyword(s):  
Radical Change ◽  
The Third ◽  
Single Form ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Explanatory Mechanism

This chapter focuses on the metaphysical innovations Plato introduces in the Timaeus to solve (some of) the difficulties he has wrestled with in the preceding dialogues. It argues that by introducing the paradeigma, Plato reifies structure into a single Form. The paradeigma is all the Forms, which are now primitively structured into one single Form, as qualitative aspects of it. This radical change in Plato’s conception of the Forms brings about an equally significant change in his account of participating in the Forms. Plato comes to endorse a new explanatory ‘mechanism’ for property qualification, that is, similarity, and moves from constitutional to qualitative overlap between Forms and objects. In the Timaeus, Plato enriches his account by introducing efficient causation in his system: the operation of a divine agent, the Demiurge, to implement imitation. Further, the chapter shows how Plato finds in the Timaeus his own solution to the Third Man regress.

The Theory of Forms, Relations and Infinite Regress

Dialogue ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
T. G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Infinite Regress ◽  
General Nature ◽  
Philosophical Literature ◽  
Half Century ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Theory Of Forms ◽  
Past Half

Several difficulties that accompany Plato's theory of Forms have received considerable attention in the philosophical literature in the past half century. A great deal of discussion and controversy surrounds the dialogue Parmenides and the group of considerations commonly called the “Third Man Argument”. Our purpose here is to strike out in one direction suggested by this passage (Parmenides 132 a-b, 132 d), but it can in no way be thought of as an exegesis nor a logical elucidation of the “Third Man Argument” itself. While what we shall say here has an obvious affinity and connection with the Parmenides passage, the two principal questions that concern us here are of a more general nature than the specific points in the Parmenides. The first is whether Plato's theory of Forms involves a regress which is ruinous to the theory. The second is, if a self-destructive regress is a necessary consequence of the theory, what elements of Plato's theory make the regress inescapable.

Timaeus 48e-52d and the Third Man Argument

1983 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 123-147
Author(s):  
William J. Prior
Keyword(s):  
Phenomenal World ◽  
The Third ◽  
Metaphysical Theory ◽  
Vexed Question ◽  
Theory Of Forms ◽  
Being And Becoming

In this paper I examine a much discussed passage of the Timaeus. This passage contains one of the most important descriptions of Plato's ontology to be found in all the dialogues. The ontological scheme there described differs from that presented in the middle Platonic dialogues in that a third sort of entity, the Receptacle or space, is added to the two classes of things familiar to readers of the Phaedo and Republic: Being (i.e. the Forms) and Becoming (the phenomenal world). The introduction of the Receptacle into Plato's ontology enables Plato to clarify the relation between the orders of Being and Becoming in a way not otherwise possible. When the relation between the Forms and their phenomenal counterparts has been clarified, I shall argue, it becomes clear that the Theory of Forms as presented in the Timaeus is in fact a coherent metaphysical theory, one which is not susceptible to the Third Man Argument. This fact in turn bears (although somewhat indirectly) on the vexed question of the place of the Timaeus in the chronology of Plato's works.

The Third Man and the Coherence of the Parmenides

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Peacock
Keyword(s):  
Infinite Regress ◽  
Adequate Account ◽  
The Third ◽  
Internal Coherence ◽  
Theory Of Forms ◽  
Eleatic Monism

The ‘Third Man’ in the Parmenides is often reconstructed in terms of unstated background commitments of the Theory of Forms; thus it seems to threaten the internal coherence of that theory. However, the regress can be derived solely from premises explicitly stated within the dialogue, and blocked simply by giving up one candidate account of participation, leaving the central commitments of the Theory of Forms intact. Consequently, the problem highlighted by the argument is not an infinite regress of Forms, but merely the lack of an adequate account of participation. This reading facilitates a coherent account of the dialogue as a whole, using the ‘scorecard’ approach outlined by Zeno himself, and developed more recently for contemporary metaphysics by Lewis and Armstrong: Part I acknowledges non-fatal difficulties for the Forms which are then eclipsed by more serious issues for Eleatic monism in Part II.

Plato’s Epistemology

2019 ◽  
pp. 428-454
Author(s):  
C. C. W. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
A Priori ◽  
The Third ◽  
Metaphysical Theory ◽  
Secondary Role ◽  
Systematic Understanding ◽  
Theory Of Forms

This chapter examines Plato’s views on knowledge. The constant themes in his dialogues are as follows. The first is that knowledge is systematic. Over specific areas, such as mathematics and morality, and even conceivably for reality as a whole, items of knowledge are systematically interconnected, and it is the task of inquiry in those areas to reveal those connections. The second is that for any department of knowledge (and, conceivably, for reality as a whole), the primary knowledge is knowledge of what things are. Given the metaphysical theory of Forms as the basic things that there are, Forms are the primary objects of inquiry. Changes in (or uncertainties about) that theory are reflected in corresponding changes in Plato’s views (or uncertainties) about knowledge. The third is that knowledge of what things are is achieved a priori, by critical reflection. Empirical investigation has at best a secondary role in the achievement of knowledge. These themes may be summed up as the doctrine that the aim of inquiry is to achieve systematic understanding of the intelligible principles of reality.

In defence of four socratic doctrines

Think ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (17-18) ◽  
pp. 85-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantine Sandis
Keyword(s):  
The Third ◽  
Ideal State ◽  
The Guardian ◽  
Theory Of Forms ◽  
The Ideal

In this article, Sandis defends four of the most notorious doctrines which Plato attributes to Socrates. The first is the ‘theory’ of forms, the second is the doctrine of recollection, the third Socrates'contention that philosophers ought to be the guardian-kings of the ideal state, and the fourth his rejection of rhetoric. Sandis does not claim that his interpretation (which owes a lot to Wittgenstein) is correct, but only that it renders the doctrines both relevant and plausible.

Progress report on 21-cm observations at low latitude between longitudes (l 11) 0° and 66°

1967 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 177-179
Author(s):  
W. W. Shane
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Progress Report ◽  
Galactic Centre ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
The Third ◽  
Introductory Lecture ◽  
Centre Region

In the course of several 21-cm observing programmes being carried out by the Leiden Observatory with the 25-meter telescope at Dwingeloo, a fairly complete, though inhomogeneous, survey of the regionl11= 0° to 66° at low galactic latitudes is becoming available. The essential data on this survey are presented in Table 1. Oort (1967) has given a preliminary report on the first and third investigations. The third is discussed briefly by Kerr in his introductory lecture on the galactic centre region (Paper 42). Burton (1966) has published provisional results of the fifth investigation, and I have discussed the sixth in Paper 19. All of the observations listed in the table have been completed, but we plan to extend investigation 3 to a much finer grid of positions.

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