Plato’s Philosophy of Language

2019 ◽  
pp. 480-505
Author(s):  
Paolo Crivelli
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
The Third ◽  
Linguistic Dimension ◽  
Theory Of Forms

Ideas in and problems of philosophy of language surface frequently in Plato’s dialogues. Some passages briefly formulate, or presuppose, views about names, signification, truth, or falsehood; others are extended discussions of important themes of philosophy of language. This chapter focuses on three topics. The first is the linguistic dimension of the theory of Forms; the second is the discussion of names in the Cratylus, Plato’s only dialogue almost completely dedicated to linguistic themes; the third is the examination of semantic and ontological issues in the Sophist, whose linguistic section (259d9‒264b10) presents Plato’s most mature reflections on statements, truth, and falsehood.

Bertrand Russell. My mental development. A reprint of IX 82(1). The philosophy of Bertrand Russell, edited by Paul Arthur Schilpp, second edition, The Library of Living Philosophers, Inc., Evanston, Illinois, 1946, pp. 1–20; also third edition, Tudor Publishing Company, New York 1951, pp. 1-20; also paper-bound reprint of the third edition, Harper Torchbooks, Harper & Row, Publishers, New York, Evanston, and London, 1963, Vol. I, pp. 1-20. - Hans Reichenbach. Bertrand Russell's logic. A reprint of IX 76(2). The philosophy of Bertrand Russell, edited by Paul Arthur Schilpp, second edition, The Library of Living Philosophers, Inc., Evanston, Illinois, 1946, pp. 21–54; also ibid. 1951, pp. 21-54; also ibid. 1963, Vol. I, pp. 21-54. - Morris Weitz. Analysis and the unity of Russell's philosophy. A reprint of IX 77(1). The philosophy of Bertrand Russell, edited by Paul Arthur Schilpp, second edition, The Library of Living Philosophers, Inc., Evanston, Illinois, 1946, pp. 55–121; also ibid. 1951, pp. 55-121; also ibid. 1963, Vol. I, pp. 55-121. - Kurt Göde. Russell's mathematical logic. A reprint of XI 75. The philosophy of Bertrand Russell, edited by Paul Arthur Schilpp, second edition, The Library of Living Philosophers, Inc., Evanston, Illinois, 1946, pp. 123–153; also ibid. 1951, pp. 123-153; also ibid. 1963, Vol. I, pp. 123-153. - James Feibleman. A reply to Bertrand Russell's introduction to the second edition of The principles of mathematics. A reprint of IX 77(2). The philosophy of Bertrand Russell, edited by Paul Arthur Schilpp, second edition, The Library of Living Philosophers, Inc., Evanston, Illinois, 1946, pp. 155–174; also ibid. 1951, pp. 155-174; also ibid. 1963, Vol. I, pp. 155-174. - G.E. Moore. Russell's “theory of descriptions.” A reprint of IX 78(1). The philosophy of Bertrand Russell, edited by Paul Arthur Schilpp, second edition, The Library of Living Philosophers, Inc., Evanston, Illinois, 1946, pp. 175–225; also ibid. 1951, pp. 175-225; also ibid. 1963, Vol. I, pp. 175-225. - Max Black. Russell's philosophy of language. A reprint of IX 78(2). The philosophy of Bertrand Russell, edited by Paul Arthur Schilpp, second edition, The Library of Living Philosophers, Inc., Evanston, Illinois, 1946, pp. 227–255; also ibid. 1951, pp. 227-255; also ibid. 1963, Vol. I, pp. 227-255. - Philip P. Wiener. Method in Russell's work on Leibniz. A reprint of IX 82(2). The philosophy of Bertrand Russell, edited by Paul Arthur Schilpp, second edition, The Library of Living Philosophers, Inc., Evanston, Illinois, 1946, pp. 257–276; also ibid. 1951, pp. 257-276; also ibid. 1963, Vol. I, pp. 257-276. - Ernest Nagel. Russell's philosophy of science. A reprint of IX 79. The philosophy of Bertrand Russell, edited by Paul Arthur Schilpp, second edition, The Library of Living Philosophers, Inc., Evanston, Illinois, 1946, pp. 317–349; also ibid. 1951, pp. 317-349; also ibid. 1963, Vol. I, pp. 317-349. - Andrew Paul Ushenko. Russell's critique of empiricism. A reprint of IX 80. The philosophy of Bertrand Russell, edited by Paul Arthur Schilpp, second edition, The Library of Living Philosophers, Inc., Evanston, Illinois, 1946, pp. 385–417; also ibid. 1951, pp. 385-417; also ibid. 1963, Vol. I, pp. 385-417.

1969 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-496
Author(s):  
Ann S. Ferebee
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Mathematical Logic ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Mental Development ◽  
Publishing Company ◽  
Bertrand Russell ◽  
Hans Reichenbach ◽  
The Third ◽  
Theory Of Descriptions

Barthes without Althusser: A Different Style of Marxism

Paragraph ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEAN-JACQUES LECERCLE
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Marxist Philosophy ◽  
Complex Relation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Comprehensive Account

The first section of the essay assesses the similitude and differences between the Althusserian concept of ideology and Barthes's concept of ‘ideosphere’, as developed in the seminar on the Neutral. The second section rehearses the different stages of Barthes's complex relation to Marxism and suggests that, in spite of the explicit rejection of the doctrine, there remains a Marxist substratum to Barthes's thought. The third section compares the two theories of ideology and shows that Barthes's insistence on the centrality of language allows him to offer a more comprehensive account of ideology: what begins in a form of allusion to Marxism ends up at a certain distance. The last section wonders what contribution Barthes's theory of ideosphere can make to a Marxist philosophy of language: one unexpected aspect of the answer makes use of the concept of style.

scholarly journals Circulation of Knowledge and the Production of Scientific Facts: Proposing an Analytical Trajectory for Texts in Science Education

2021 ◽  
pp. e29398
Author(s):  
Joselaine Setlik ◽  
Henrique César da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Mikhail Bakhtin ◽  
The Social ◽  
Linguistic Dimension ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Scientific Facts ◽  
Circulation Of Knowledge

In this study, considering the interrelationship between epistemology and language, based on the theories of Ludwik Fleck and Mikhail Bakhtin, we propose an analytical trajectory for texts that circulate scientific knowledge. For this, we first give visibility to the way Fleck intertwines the social, the language (and the text) and the epistemological. Then, we present elements of Bakhtin’s philosophy of language that can analytically and theoretically deepen the social-linguistic dimension of textual productions in science. This theoretical articulation, among such authors, is systematized through questions that may enable researchers and Higher Education professors or Basic Education teachers to reflect on the role of the various texts that circulate scientific knowledge. Studying the materiality of the texts that circulate science can contribute to the process of production, incorporation and mediation of readings of such materials in the different teaching-learning contexts of the disciplines of Science Education. It also contributes to the construction of knowledge in the field of research in Science Education.

scholarly journals Kharkiv linguistic school. Heritage. Alexander Potebnja

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Evolutionary Epistemology ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Language Origin ◽  
Language And Thought ◽  
The Third ◽  
Linguistic Units

The article focuses on the scientific heritage of Alexander Potebnja as one of the founders of Kharkiv linguistic school. Potebnja’s seminal books and articles that among many other issues address language origin, human consciousness, and semantics of linguistic units are considered as milestones in the development of state-of-the-art humanities. The article reads his three tenets in terms of philosophy of language and cognitive linguistics. The first tenet concerns correlation between language and thought as a way of accounting for language origin and linguistic abilities of the human. The latter that uses language to communicate his world perceptive experience is ascribed a two-facet nature as both an individual and a nation. This tenet is viewed as one anticipating the underpinning principles of cognitive linguistics and theory of the national construal of the world. The second tenet concerns mental evolution of humanity. Potebnja sees it as a contiguity of image and meaning that diverge evolving in myth, poetry and prose. This tenet is considered as an anticipation of Popper’s Evolutionary Epistemology and Westman’s theory of the ontogenesis of the psyche. The third Potebnja’s tenet focuses on the symbolism of linguistic units. The exclamation and the word are juxtaposed in terms of their internal and external forms. The word and the exclamation are analyzed as signs that render meaning by way of, correspondingly, either indicating to it or symbolizing it. These features suggest conceptual parallelism with Pierce’s semiotic trichotomy of icon, index and symbol.

Two Kinds of Naming in the Sophist

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-381
Author(s):  
Charlotte Stough
Keyword(s):  
The Third ◽  
Single Form ◽  
Vicious Regress ◽  
Theory Of Forms

A familiar tradition in Plato scholarship has it that self-predication is one of the most important issues to be settled in an attempt to understand Plato‘s metaphysical views. Perhaps only latent in the initial formulations of the theory of Forms, the problem becomes manifest in the Parmenides, especially in the Third Man Argument where the assumption that a Form can have the property that it is helps to generate a vicious regress destructive of the notion of a single Form over many particulars.

scholarly journals Fleshing out Language and Intersubjectivity: An Exploration of Merleau-Ponty’s Legacy to Cognitive Linguistics

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-224
Author(s):  
Paul Sambre
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Individual Basis ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cognitive Linguistic ◽  
Phenomenology Of Perception ◽  
Dynamic View ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Individual

Abstract This paper examines how recent cognitive linguistic work on conceptualization and intersubjectivity (Verhagen 2005, 2008; Langacker 2008) echoes Merleau-Ponty’s older reflection on the notion of intersubjectivity, a key factor in embodiment and language. Three topics are explored in this respect. First, the largely implicit references to Merleau-Ponty in Lakoff and Johnson’s Philosophy in the Flesh (1999) are related more explicitly to Merleau-Ponty’s notion of flesh. Second, the discursive status of usage events is shown to be directly connected to the linguistic consequences of Merleau-Ponty’s intercorporality, as it brings together living bodies in intersubjective experiences. The third objective is methodological: the focus is not only on Merleau-Ponty’s often quoted Phenomenology of Perception 1945, 1958), but shows lines of continuity with the explicit philosophy of language in his later work, like Eloge de la philosophie (1960,1963), Signes (1960, 1968b), Conscience et acquisition du langage (1964, 1973a) and La prose du monde (1969, 1973b). This discussion includes Merleau’s relation to Saussurean linguistics, and gives rise, perhaps surprisingly, to a dynamic view on language as a locus of intersubjective creativity, which reaches beyond the individual basis of perception, gesture and incorporated language.

scholarly journals Konsensus Pakar Terhadap Elemen Falsafah Bahasa Untuk Penyatupaduan Nasional

Sains Insani ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Mohd Khaidir Abdul Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Language Philosophy ◽  
Interview Protocol ◽  
National Integration ◽  
The Third ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods ◽  
Consensus Expert

This study focuses on an expert consensus on the elements of the philosophy of language for national integration in Learning and Facilitation (PdPc) language. About 23 experts in the field of philosophy of language, Malay, Education, Sociology and Socio-Cultural determined to become informants in this study. The combination of quantitative and qualitative methods implemented in this study. In the first round of this study through interview protocol to seek the views of experts in the field of philosophy of language, philosophy of language elements expected potential for national integration. The results of this first round will be organized thematically before being sent to the informant for the second round and the third consisting of experts in the Malay language, education, sociology and socio-cultural. The results of the second round and the third is to get the median and interquartile range (JAK). The results showed that 7 themes and 35 elements of the philosophy of language for national integration has been established and agreed upon by the 23 experts after three rounds of Delphi. Overall findings related to the expectations of the themes and elements of language philosophy that seeks to create national integration is able to expand the scope and role of language philosophy of focusing only on the field of language education to national integration efforts.Keywords: Consensus; Expert; Language Philosophy; Malay Language; National Integration Abstrak: Kajian ini memfokuskan tentang konsensus pakar terhadap elemen falsafah bahasa untuk penyatupaduan nasional dalam Pembelajaran dan Pemudah Cara (PdPc) bahasa Melayu. Seramai 23 orang pakar dalam bidang falsafah bahasa, bahasa Melayu, Pendidikan, Sosiologi dan Sosiobudaya telah dipilih untuk menjadi informan kajian ini . Gabungan kaedah kuantitatif dan kualitatif diimplementasikan dalam kajian ini. Dalam pusingan pertama kajian ini dijalankan melalui protokol temu bual untuk mendapatkan pandangan pakar dalam bidang falsafah bahasa tentang elemen falsafah bahasa yang dijangkakan berpotensi untuk penyatupaduan nasional. Dapatan dari pusingan pertama ini akan disusun secara tematik sebelum dihantar kepada informan untuk pusingan kedua dan ketiga yang terdiri daripada pakar dalam bidang bahasa Melayu, Pendidikan, Sosiologi dan Sosiobudaya. Dapatan daripada pusingan kedua dan ketiga adalah untuk mendapatkan median dan Julat Antara Kuartil (JAK). Dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan 7 tema dan 35 elemen falsafah bahasa untuk penyatupaduan nasional telah dibentuk dan disepakati oleh 23 orang pakar setelah melalui tiga pusingan Delphi. Pada keseluruhannya dapatan berkaitan jangkaan terhadap tema dan elemen falsafah bahasa yang berupaya untuk mewujudkan penyatupaduan nasional ini mampu memperluaskan skop dan peranan falsafah bahasa daripada bidang yang hanya berfokus kepada pendidikan bahasa kepada usaha penyatupaduan nasional.Kata kunci: Konsensus; Pakar; Falsafah Bahasa; Bahasa Melayu; Penyatupaduan Nasional

Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. xxiv-10
Author(s):  
Jörg Meibauer
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Ethical Question ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
The Third ◽  
Research Questions

Based on a thorough review of recent literature on lying and deception, the introduction gives accessible answers to five basic research questions. For the first question—how can lying be defined?—it considers definitions of lying given in the philosophy of language and in linguistics. For the second question—how can lying be detected?—it addresses psychological research on detection of lying. Psychology and neuroscience are the most important disciplines with respect to the third question, concerning the processing of lying. The fourth question—how is lying acquired?—is dealt with in psycholinguistics. Finally, the ethical question of lying—how is lying evaluated?—is discussed. Since answers to these questions are typically given by linguistics, philosophy, and psychology, the chapter suggests that an integrative approach to lying will be drawing heavily on these disciplines.

The Theory of Forms, Relations and Infinite Regress

Dialogue ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
T. G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Infinite Regress ◽  
General Nature ◽  
Philosophical Literature ◽  
Half Century ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Theory Of Forms ◽  
Past Half

Several difficulties that accompany Plato's theory of Forms have received considerable attention in the philosophical literature in the past half century. A great deal of discussion and controversy surrounds the dialogue Parmenides and the group of considerations commonly called the “Third Man Argument”. Our purpose here is to strike out in one direction suggested by this passage (Parmenides 132 a-b, 132 d), but it can in no way be thought of as an exegesis nor a logical elucidation of the “Third Man Argument” itself. While what we shall say here has an obvious affinity and connection with the Parmenides passage, the two principal questions that concern us here are of a more general nature than the specific points in the Parmenides. The first is whether Plato's theory of Forms involves a regress which is ruinous to the theory. The second is, if a self-destructive regress is a necessary consequence of the theory, what elements of Plato's theory make the regress inescapable.

Timaeus 48e-52d and the Third Man Argument

1983 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 123-147
Author(s):  
William J. Prior
Keyword(s):  
Phenomenal World ◽  
The Third ◽  
Metaphysical Theory ◽  
Vexed Question ◽  
Theory Of Forms ◽  
Being And Becoming

In this paper I examine a much discussed passage of the Timaeus. This passage contains one of the most important descriptions of Plato's ontology to be found in all the dialogues. The ontological scheme there described differs from that presented in the middle Platonic dialogues in that a third sort of entity, the Receptacle or space, is added to the two classes of things familiar to readers of the Phaedo and Republic: Being (i.e. the Forms) and Becoming (the phenomenal world). The introduction of the Receptacle into Plato's ontology enables Plato to clarify the relation between the orders of Being and Becoming in a way not otherwise possible. When the relation between the Forms and their phenomenal counterparts has been clarified, I shall argue, it becomes clear that the Theory of Forms as presented in the Timaeus is in fact a coherent metaphysical theory, one which is not susceptible to the Third Man Argument. This fact in turn bears (although somewhat indirectly) on the vexed question of the place of the Timaeus in the chronology of Plato's works.

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