The Islamic Community in Bosnia and Herzegovina and nation building by Muslims/Bosniaks in the Western Balkans

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dunja Larise
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Former Yugoslavia ◽  
Institutional History ◽  
National Program ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
History Of ◽  
Development Paths

The disintegration of the former Yugoslavia posed challenges for the universal concept of the Yugoslav Muslim nation for which several development paths were imaginable under the new circumstances. The concept of Bosniakdom, which was initially developed to address the Muslims of Bosnia and Herzegovina, gradually grew to become a new and coherent national program to include all the Muslims of former Yugoslavia, primarily due to its new pan-Bosniak orientation. The present article traces the conceptual history of the national ideas of Muslimdom versus Bosniakdom within the former Yugoslav states, as well as the conceptual and institutional history of the pan-Bosniak idea and movement during the 1990s and 2000s. It does this by emphasizing the decisive role the Official Muslim Community in Bosnia and Herzegovina played in their development and divulgence. This article claims that, contrary to some expectations, the strategy of internationalization and universalization of the hitherto territorial concept of Bosniakdom toward Muslims in neighboring countries during the second half of 1990s and 2000s was closely linked to the idea of the construction of the Bosniak national state. It also proposes that the evolution of Bosniakdom into pan-Bosniakdom during that time primarily followed concerns related to that goal.

scholarly journals Prikaz//Review: Journal of the Faculty of Philosophy in Sarajevo (History, History of Arts, Archeology), posebno izdanje: Reflections on Life and Society in the Western Balkans. Studies in the History of Bosnia and Herzegovina, knjiga 7, broj 2, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo 2020, 321 str.

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 385-389
Author(s):  
Emina Mostić ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Review Journal ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
History Of

Prikaz//Review: Journal of the Faculty of Philosophy in Sarajevo (History, History of Arts, Archeology), posebno izdanje: Reflections on Life and Society in the Western Balkans. Studies in the History of Bosnia and Herzegovina, knjiga 7, broj 2, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo 2020, 321 str.

scholarly journals Et grundtvigiansk fakultet

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hallgeir Elstad
Keyword(s):  
Initial Phase ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Cultural Institution ◽  
History Of ◽  
University Of Oslo ◽  
The University ◽  
Shed Light

The aim of this article is to shed light on the founding phase of the history of The Faculty of Theology in Christiania (Oslo). Together with the University of Oslo the Faculty celebrates its 200 years anniversary in 2011. The University was the first cultural institution in Norway and played a decisive role in the nation building. The history of the Faculty of Theology is tightly interwoven with that of the University. The initial phase of the Faculty’s history may be characterized ‘Grundtvigian’. Despite of the break with Denmark in 1814, the Danish cultural influences were still strong.

scholarly journals Sfera symboliczna w procesach transformacyjnych krajów byłej Jugosławii. Pomniki

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 159-173
Author(s):  
Lilla Moroz-Grzelak
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Former Yugoslavia ◽  
Medieval History ◽  
National Liberation ◽  
Independent State ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Liberation Struggle ◽  
Transformation Processes

The Symbolic Sphere in the Transformation Processes of the former Yugoslavia. Monuments The article focuses on the ways of treating the monumental memory of the past in the states that were established after the disintegration of Yugoslavia. These examples, which are not exhaustive, show that the process of transformation in the symbolic sphere does not create a uniform image in all countries. It oscillates between the destruction of the monuments of the past period in Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, but also the different intensity of the events of the tragic war of the last decade of the 20th century. Breaking such a description, Serbia protects the monuments of the Yugoslavian era, while at the same time recalling the memory of the Serbian liberation struggle in the anti-Turkish uprising of 1804. The protection of the monuments of the NOB (struggle for national liberation) period in Montenegro not only proves the connection with the federal Yugoslavia, but also reflects a kind of Yugonostalgia. In turn, the monuments of this period on Macedonian territory, preserved in various states, gave way to a “flood of monuments” referring to the ancient and medieval history of this land. The changes in the monumental sphere in all countries, however, prove the willingness to justify the ideological existence of independent state entities embedded in the native tradition confirming their sovereignty.

Comments on Gerard Toal's ‘“Republika Srpska will have a referendum': The rhetorical politics of Milorad Dodik”

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-208
Author(s):  
Vedran Dzihic
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
The Other ◽  
Former Yugoslavia ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Republika Srpska

The history of modern Bosnia-Herzegovina (BiH) is a history of referenda. The referendum as a tool to shape the political fate and future of a particular society has seemingly always been an integral part of the Bosnian past. The first two referenda in Bosnia-Herzegovina at the beginning of the so-called “democratic era” following the dissolution of the former Yugoslavia marked the beginning of a period of war and violence in the country. The referendum in November 1991, organized by the Serbian Democratic Party (SDS) and asking participants about the status of BiH within the Yugoslav federation, was the first step toward the formation of Republika Srpska (RS). On the other side, the referendum in March 1992 about the question of independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina from Yugoslavia, which was attended by Bosnian Muslims and Croats and boycotted by the Serbs, plunged Bosnia into war.

Competing Languages of Czech Nation-Building: Jan Kollár and the Melodiousness of Czech

Slavic Review ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Literary Discourse ◽  
National Program ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Literary Revival ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
National Literatures

In the modern era, the institution of literature is being reconceived across Europe as a national institution. But the new paradigm of national literatures requires a remaking of literary discourse, including the transformation of critical terminology, and this results in literary discourse becoming politicized. By analyzing the history of the term libozvučnost (melodiousness) in the Czech national literary revival, David L. Cooper demonstrates how this seemingly innocent literary term became a political lightening rod for friends pursuing the same national program. This strongly suggests that, in the formative era of national literatures, using literary issues to discuss politics is not simply a matter of instrumentalizing literary criticism for covert political activity but that discussing literary values is directly political. The example of libozvučnost also reveals how the “borrowed“ discourses of Romanticism and nationalism were fundamentally remade to respond to the modern Czech situation.

scholarly journals Nation-Building Predicament, Transition Fatigue, and Fear of State Collapse

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5.) ◽  
pp. 32-50
Author(s):  
Meressa Tsehaye Gebrewahd
Keyword(s):  
Local Development ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Former Yugoslavia ◽  
Federal System ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
State Collapse ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

Ethiopia, evolved from Tigray, is known by its history of having been an empire (e.g., the Axumite kingdom) and having been independent. The fundamental weakness of the Ethiopian state has been the lack of inclusive national consensus, hampered by national oppression and the dilemma of democratizing a feudal state. The post-1991 TPLF-EPRDF-led Ethiopia has been experimenting with federalist nation-building to address Ethiopia’s historical contradictions: national and class oppression. The 1995 FDRE Constitution established a federal system and subsequently recognized the right of nations to self-determination including secession, self-administration, and local development. The constitution also declared that the Ethiopian nations were the “sovereign owners” of the constitution. However, the coming of Abiy Ahmed to power and his policy reforms based on ‘neo-pan-Ethiopianism’ opened the box of Pandora of secessionist, irredentist, and federalist forces opposing his plan to recentralize the ethnic federation, as it happened similarly in the case of former Yugoslavia. PM Abiy’s reforms have been branded as those of the ‘Mikael Gorbachev of Ethiopia’ for his sweeping campaign against the 27 years of federalist control. The article investigates the nation-building aspirations, transition fatigue, the predicaments of secessionist, federalist, and assimilationist narratives, and the subsequent fear of ‘state collapse’ in the post-2018 crisis in Ethiopia.

scholarly journals The Identity of Language and the Language of Erasure

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-199
Author(s):  
Sanober Umar
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Institutional History ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
High Culture ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
Written Materials ◽  
The City

Perhaps it is best to summarize what this article is not about, and then highlight what it seeks to do instead, finally surmising those strands together cohesively. This article is not on Urdu as a medium for self-fashioning elite Ashrafi Muslims in Lucknow who lamented the “death of the city” in shahr-i-adab (the city of high culture and noble manners) kind of literatures, instead it is about how Ashrafis came to be normatively portrayed by prominent leaders of the Congress in Uttar Pradesh as “foreigners.” This article is not exclusively about caste politics,  but rather how the trope of the foreigner was used as a way to otherize and prevent some of the most downtrodden Muslims from availing affirmative action policies and how lower caste and Dalit Muslims themselves tried to find liberation away from their stigmatized caste histories, unfortunately without success as conversion did not eclipse casteist tropes against them. This article is not just about the institutional history of the fall of Urdu in Uttar Pradesh, but it focusses on how Urdu was used to shape the minority citizen status of Muslims, and how it impacted their political economy and caste histoies in Lucknow by using both written materials documenting these issues and oral testimonies of Ashrafi and Pasmanda Muslims in Lucknow. In the process, this article is about the contours that defined the production of Muslim minoritysm in India, externally by Post Colonial governmentality of the 1950s and internally by Muslims themselves who were compelled to “self homogenize” despite political and social fractures within the community in the face of demonizing and ahistoric stereotypes of the Muslim community as “backward Musalmaans” that ignored their multiple layers of institutionally created marginalization.

scholarly journals From Nuremberg to the Hague and beyond: International criminal law in courts: Court of Bosnia And Herzegovina as an example

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Dauster
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
National Court ◽  
International Criminal Law ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
National Courts ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Hague

International criminal law in courts will seize our interest forever. Adjudication of international criminal law violations have to happen in and by courts. They may be national courts; they also may be international (permanent or ad hoc) courts. Not to forget: It is also proposed to prosecute internationally active terrorists by international courts. It is worthwhile to take a short look at the historical development of such discussions. The so-called International (Legal) Community has discussed all forms of international criminal jurisdiction and will keep on discussing. In Bosnia and Herzegovina once the so-called internationals started an experiment with the (national) Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which in its nutshell was an administrative court that then was turned into a hybrid court predominantly for war crimes (and other serious felonies). As such a hybrid institution the Court was successful. International judges have left and the court became a purely national institution again. The short hybrid history of this court in a corner of the Western Balkans is worthwhile to be studied shortly.

scholarly journals Leadership Amidst Transition and Liminality: The Case of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Former Yugoslavia

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. p16
Author(s):  
Jesenko Tešan ◽  
Joan Davison
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Former Yugoslavia ◽  
Soviet Bloc ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Institutional Power ◽  
History Of ◽  
Peace Accords

A history of empires and communism created a liminality in the former Yugoslavia and Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). When leaders throughout the Soviet Bloc began to discredit communism, an opportunity opened for the leadership of B&H to unify the popular will and transition to democracy. Yet, the appropriate leadership, a master of ceremonies from van Gennep and Turner’s perspectives, a philosopher from Plato’s view was absent. Politicians instead repackaged themselves as nationalists and supported extremists and divisive actions, culminating in war. Subsequently, the mechanisms associated with the Dayton Peace Accords conceived to return B&H to normalcy instead made the divisive liminality a new normal as power sharing elites benefitted if they held to nationalist claims and ignored societal reintegration. This, study examines the reasoning and tactics of elites who rejected the mantle of good leadership and now abuse the spirit of the constitutional and institutional power sharing mechanisms to maintain the schizophrenic division and conflict. It also introduces the type of virtuous leader states needed for transition.

Mission Tracks in the Bush

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 103-124
Author(s):  
Gemma Tulud Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Cultural Encounters ◽  
History Of

Christian missionaries played an important role in the Australian nation building that started in the nineteenth century. This essay explores the multifaceted and complex cultural encounters in the context of two aboriginal missions in Australia in the nineteenth century. More specifically, the essay explores the New Norcia mission in Western Australia in 1846-1900 and the Lutheran mission in South Australia in 1838-1853. The essay begins with an overview of the history of the two missions followed by a discussion of the key faces of the cultural encounters that occurred in the course of the missions. This is followed by theological reflections on the encounters in dialogue with contemporary theology, particularly the works of Robert Schreiter.

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