Collaboration, confrontation, and controversy: the politics of monument restoration in Georgia and the case of Bagrati Cathedral

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Long
Keyword(s):  
Architectural History ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
The Political ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Sharp Focus ◽  
World Heritage List ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Preservation And Restoration

This paper examines the history of the restoration, or more accurately, reconstruction of Bagrati Cathedral in western Georgia. Constructed in 1003, Bagrati Cathedral is an important cultural monument in the political and architectural history of Georgia. Destroyed by an explosion in 1691, the cathedral was inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List in 1994 in its ruined state. However, the Georgian government under President Mikheil Saakashvili and Georgian Orthodox Church (GOC) officials made the reconstruction and reconsecration of the cathedral a priority. The reconstruction of Bagrati Cathedral, completed in September 2012, brought the differing aims of Georgian politicians, GOC officials, and architectural historians – the major players in the process – into sharp focus. This paper maintains that the rebuilding of Bagrati Cathedral was part of Saakashvili's political agenda, which merged with the interests of the GOC and worked against the objectives of architectural historians and the aims of academic principles of restoration and preservation. The result is that Bagrati has been rebuilt but is under threat of removal from the World Heritage List. The story of Bagrati's reconstruction has implications for the future of monument preservation and restoration in Georgia.

Virtual Reality Technology in the Application of Tibetan Architectural Heritage and Protection Research

2014 ◽  
Vol 1030-1032 ◽  
pp. 1873-1876
Author(s):  
Xiao Bo Yang ◽  
Bang Ze Chen
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Architectural History ◽  
3D Animation ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Virtual Reality Technology ◽  
World Heritage List ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
World Cultural Heritage ◽  
Tibetan Architecture

Tibetan architecture wrote immortal chapter in the world the Chinese architectural history, Potala Palace was listed in the world cultural heritage list. Tibetan Architecture in the history of World Architecture and wrote the immortal chapter, Potala Palace was inscribed on the world heritage list. Potala Palace's annual tourist capacity is also facing enormous increment, the protection of cultural relics and open utilization in the continuous emergence of new problems and contradictions. This paper studies the use of virtual reality technology and 3D animation technology in virtual roaming system of Potala Palace.

Preliminary Observations on the Structural Condition of a Byzantine Monument in Historic Peninsula of Istanbul: Pantokrator Church

2010 ◽  
Vol 133-134 ◽  
pp. 555-560
Author(s):  
Umut Almaç
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Structural Condition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
World Heritage List ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church

The Church of Pantokrator (Zeyrek Mosque) is a Byzantine located in the Zeyrek district of Istanbul which was included in the World Heritage List in 1985 by UNESCO. The church suffered from earthquakes, fires and alterations in its history. In this paper, a brief history of the church, description of the northern structure with its damages and a preliminary analysis of the structure including an intervention proposal is presented. The reason to choose the northern part of the complex was due to its fragile condition in comparison with the other parts of the monument. This part has severe cracks on its structural elements and consequently during a possible repair and conservation work, it has priority.

Bridges in the World Heritage List Between Culture and Technical Development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Siviero ◽  
V. Martini
Keyword(s):  
World Heritage ◽  
Technical Development ◽  
Engineering Technology ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
World Heritage List ◽  
History Of Construction ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Universal Values ◽  
Material Values

The aim of this paper is to present some bridges inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List and their Outstanding Universal Values, which explain the importance of these works of art in terms of engineering, technology, culture and technical development. The Iron Bridge, the first metal bridge in the history of construction, is of considerable importance, not only in historic, technological and constructive terms: here, architecture and engineering are revealed to the full, making the bridge into a place. The Forth Bridge is a globally-important triumph of engineering, representing the pinnacle of 19th century bridge construction and is without doubt the world’s greatest trussed bridge. The Vizcaya Bridge, completed in 1893, was the first bridge in the world to carry people and traffic on a high suspended gondola and was used as a model for many similar bridges in Europe, Africa and America, only a few of which survive. The Mostar Bridge is an exceptional and universal symbol of coexistence of communities from diverse cultural, ethnic and religious backgrounds. The Oporto bridges, interpreted in Vitruvian terms, represent a heritage, a “set of spiritual, cultural, social or material values that belong, through inheritance or tradition, to a group of people...”, a complex grouping that marks and symbolises an era, the Eiffel's masterpiece. Because the bridge is not only a work of art, but also a thought.

scholarly journals Secretive Mausoleum of Timurids

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khusenova Mekhrangiz Gayratovna
Keyword(s):  
World Heritage ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Reliable Information ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Misleading Information ◽  
World Heritage List ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Structure Research

One of the brightest examples of Timurid’s architecture is the Ashatkhana monument attracting many people. Ashratkhana is also appreciated and considered heritage of not only for Uzbekistan, but also for humanity. For this reason, the mausoleum is included in The World Heritage List of UNESCO. However, some unproved and misleading information which is spread by unknown sourses made the monument have misleading opinions. It can be as a result of lack of fundamental and reliable information about the history of building, construction, describtion of the monument. This article describes the history of its construction, structure, research and its aspects as a tourist destination. This monument has been renovated many times over the years and the process is continuing

“There is such a situation that Comrade Svoboda is under pressure”. The Soviet leadership and the settlement of relations with Czechoslovakia. May 1969

2019 ◽  
pp. 512-519
Author(s):  
Teymur Dzhalilov ◽  
Nikita Pivovarov
Keyword(s):  
Central Committee ◽  
Secretary General ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
The Political ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Soviet Leadership ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common

The published document is a part of the working record of The Secretariat of the CPSU Central Committee on May 5, 1969. The employees of The Common Department of the CPSU Central Committee started writing such working records from the end of 1965. In contrast to the protocols, the working notes include speeches of the secretaries of the Central Committee, that allow to deeper analyze the reactions of the top party leadership, to understand their position regarding the political agenda. The peculiarity of the published document is that the Secretariat of the Central Committee did not deal with the most important foreign policy issues. It was the responsibility of the Politburo. However, it was at a meeting of the Secretariat of the Central Committee when Brezhnev raised the question of inviting G. Husák to Moscow. The latter replaced A. Dubček as the first Secretary of the Communist party of Czechoslovakia in April 1969. As follows from the document, Leonid Brezhnev tried to solve this issue at a meeting of the Politburo, but failed. However, even at the Secretariat of the Central Committee the Leonid Brezhnev’s initiative at the invitation of G. Husák was not supported. The published document reveals to us not only new facets in the mechanisms of decision-making in the CPSU Central Committee, the role of the Secretary General in this process, but also reflects the acute discussions within the Soviet government about the future of the world socialist systems.

The Conservation and Strengthening Intervention on the Wooden Floors of the Ducal Palace in Sabbioneta (MN-Italy)

2013 ◽  
Vol 778 ◽  
pp. 865-871
Author(s):  
Francesco Augelli
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Constant Control ◽  
World Heritage List ◽  
The World ◽  
Restoration Work ◽  
Wooden Structures

The paper aims to inform on the executive phases and on the problems faced during the restoration work on some wooden floors of the sixteenth century Ducal Palace in Sabbioneta near Mantua in Italy, site in the World Heritage list since 2008. The particular historical, artistic and architectural importance of the Palace-and of the floors-required the involvement of expert restorers and a constant control during the work by the Director of works, by the Manager of procedure and by the responsibles of Superintendence for Architectural Heritage and Landscape of Mantua. The paper describes the work performed mainly on wooden structures postponing in another place those relating to the restoration of the decorative elements.

Histoire du mot «démocratie» au Canada et au Québec. Analyse politique des stratégies rhétoriques

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-343
Author(s):  
Francis Dupuis-Déri
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Founding Fathers ◽  
Discursive Strategies ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Le Canada

Résumé.L'étude des discours des «pères fondateurs» du Canada moderne révèle qu'ils étaient ouvertement antidémocrates. Comment expliquer qu'un régime fondé dans un esprit antidémocratique en soit venu à être identifié positivement à la démocratie? S'inspirant d'études similaires sur les États-Unis et la France, l'analyse de l'histoire du mot «démocratie» révèle que le Canada a été associé à la «démocratie» en raison de stratégies discursives des membres de l'élite politique qui cherchaient à accroître leur capacité de mobiliser les masses à l'occasion des guerres mondiales, et non pas à la suite de modifications constitutionnelles ou institutionnelles qui auraient justifié un changement d'appellation du régime.Abstract.An examination of the speeches of modern Canada's “founding fathers” lays bare their openly anti-democratic outlook. How did a regime founded on anti-democratic ideas come to be positively identified with democracy? Drawing on the examples of similar studies carried out in the United States and France, this analysis of the history of the term “democracy” in Canada shows that the country's association with “democracy” was not due to constitutional or institutional changes that might have justified re-labelling the regime. Instead, it was the result of the political elite's discursive strategies, whose purpose was to strengthen the elite's ability to mobilize the masses during the world wars.

The Role of Religious Force in the Wukan Incident

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hou Yuxin
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
The Political ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
Social Management ◽  
The Village

Abstract The Wukan Incident attracted extensive attention both in China and around the world, and has been interpreted from many different perspectives. In both the media and academia, the focus has very much been on the temporal level of the Incident. The political and legal dimensions, as well as the implications of the Incident in terms of human rights have all been pored over. However, what all of these discussions have overlooked is the role played by religious force during the Incident. The village of Wukan has a history of over four hundred years, and is deeply influenced by the religious beliefs of its people. Within both the system of religious beliefs and in everyday life in the village, the divine immortal Zhenxiu Xianweng and the religious rite of casting shengbei have a powerful influence. In times of peace, Xianweng and casting shengbei work to bestow good fortune, wealth and longevity on both the village itself, and the individuals who live there. During the Wukan Incident, they had a harmonizing influence, and helped to unify and protect the people. Looking at the specific roles played by religion throughout the Wukan Incident will not only enable us to develop a more meaningful understanding of the cultural nature and the complexity of the Incident itself, it will also enrich our understanding, on a divine level, of innovations in social management.

How diverse is the World Heritage list?

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (4/5/6) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
Donatella Saccone ◽  
Walter Santagata
Keyword(s):  
World Heritage ◽  
World Heritage List ◽  
The World

scholarly journals Colonial Architecture in Panama City. Analysis of the Heritage Value of Its Monastic Buildings

Designs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Antonio Cubero Hernández ◽  
Silvia Arroyo Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Architectural History ◽  
Heritage Preservation ◽  
Panama City ◽  
World Heritage List ◽  
Current Location ◽  
Specific Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
Value Loss ◽  
Historical Role ◽  
Historical Heritage

The Historic District of Panama City was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1997 for representing an exceptional example of 17th century colonial urban planning in the Americas. This article focuses on the specific analysis of the deteriorated monastic typology, highlighting its historical role as an articulating piece of the original urban layout designed in 1673 after the transfer from Panamá Viejo to the current location and which continues today. Our methodology consisted of reviewing the different stages of each of these buildings, extracting common events, and identifying the examples of the greatest value loss, with the aim of enhancing and highlighting their historical footprint. This study includes approaches from urbanism, architectural history, and heritage preservation that allows us to discuss possible tools, either for protection or adaptative reuse, to avoid the deterioration of such important historical heritage.

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