ELECTROOSMOTIC HELICAL FLOW PRODUCED BY COMBINED USE OF LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSAL ELECTRIC FIELDS IN A RECTANGULAR MICROCHANNEL

2006 ◽  
Vol 193 (9) ◽  
pp. 1075-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Jae Kim ◽  
In Seok Kang ◽  
Byung Jun Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Helical Flow ◽  
Rectangular Microchannel ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Transversal Electric

Sample Flow Switching Technique Based on Combined Effect of Hydrodynamic and Electroosmosis

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiwang Li ◽  
Teck Neng Wong ◽  
Nam-Trung Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Rectangular Microchannel ◽  
Silicon Oil ◽  
External Electric Fields ◽  
Sample Stream ◽  
Microfluidic Switch

This paper presents theoretical and experimental investigations on valveless microfluidic switch using the coupled effect of hydrodynamics and electroosmosis. In the experiment, two sheath streams (aqueous NaCl and glycerol) and the sample stream (silicon oil) are introduced by syringe pumps to flow side by side in a straight rectangular microchannel. External electric fields are applied on the two sheath streams. Under the constant inlet volumetric flowrates, the sample stream is delivered to the desired outlet ports using electroosmotic effect. The liquid fractions of sheath streams are measured using fluorescence imaging technique. The results indicate that under suitable cooperation of electric fields, the sample stream can be delivered to the desired outlet ports.

scholarly journals Physical mechanisms and methods employed in drug delivery to tumors

2007 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erim Bešić
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Delivery Strategies

Physical mechanisms and methods employed in drug delivery to tumorsIn addition to several well-known drug delivery strategies developed to facilitate effective chemotherapy with anticancer agents, some new approaches have been recently established, based on specific effects arising from the applications of ultrasound, magnetic and electric fields on drug delivery systems. This paper gives an overview of newly developed methods of drug delivery to tumors and of the related anticancer therapies based on the combined use of different physical methods and specific drug carriers. The conventional strategies and new approaches have been put into perspective to revisit the existing and to propose new directions to overcome the threatening problem of cancer diseases.

scholarly journals Electrochemotherapy for the Treatment of Human Sarcoma in Athymic Rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Jaroszeski ◽  
Domenico Coppola ◽  
Carlos Pottinger ◽  
Richard A. Gilbert ◽  
Richard Heller
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agent ◽  
Cell Membrane Permeability ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Electric Pulses ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Human Sarcoma

Electrochemotherapy is the combined use of a chemotherapeutic agent and pulsed electric fields. Electrical treatment causes an increase in cell membrane permeability which allows the chemotherapeutic agent to more freely enter the tumor cells. Electrochemotherapy has been under development in clinical trials. This study focused on determining the applicability of electrochemotherapy for treating soft tissue sarcoma using an animal model bearing human sarcomas. The antitumor effects of several concentrations of cisplatin, bleomycin, doxorubicin, and netropsin as single agents delivered with electric pulses were investigated based on post-treatment tumor volumes and histology. Electrochemotherapy treatment resulted in 5% to 88.9% durable complete responses; ECT that employed bleomycin resulted in the highest antitumor effects. This indicates the feasibility of electrochemotherapy as a modality for limb preserving treatments for sarcoma of the extremities.

Control of Metal Alloy Oxidation with Electric Fields

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 164-165
Author(s):  
R. R. Dils ◽  
P. S. Follansbee
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Oxide Surface ◽  
Platinum Electrodes ◽  
Insulating Layer ◽  
Iron Base Alloy ◽  
Alloy Oxidation ◽  
Aluminum Oxide Layer ◽  
And Control

Electric fields have been applied across oxides growing on a high temperature alloy and control of the oxidation of the material has been demonstrated. At present, three-fold increases in the oxidation rate have been measured in accelerating fields and the oxidation process has been completely stopped in a retarding field.The experiments have been conducted with an iron-base alloy, Pe 25Cr 5A1 0.1Y, although, in principle, any alloy capable of forming an adherent aluminum oxide layer during oxidation can be used. A specimen is polished and oxidized to produce a thin, uniform insulating layer on one surface. Three platinum electrodes are sputtered on the oxide surface and the specimen is reoxidized.

Electron-Mirror Microscopic Aspects of Ferroelectric Domains of BaTiO3 And Ca2Sr (C2H5CO2)6

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 478-479
Author(s):  
Teruo Someya ◽  
Jinzo Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Ferroelectric Domain ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Surface Pattern ◽  
Crystal Surfaces ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Ferroelectric Domains

Recent progress in the electron-mirror microscopy (EMM), e.g., an improvement of its resolving power together with an increase of the magnification makes it useful for investigating the ferroelectric domain physics. English has recently observed the domain texture in the surface layer of BaTiO3. The present authors ) have developed a theory by which one can evaluate small one-dimensional electric fields and/or topographic step heights in the crystal surfaces from their EMM pictures. This theory was applied to a quantitative study of the surface pattern of BaTiO3).

Electron Microscope Observations of Magnetic and Electric Effects

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 430-431
Author(s):  
John Silcox
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Magnetic Image ◽  
Magnetic Effects ◽  
Ferromagnetic Films ◽  
Diffraction Contrast ◽  
Microscope Images ◽  
Electric Effects ◽  
Image Detail

Several aspects of magnetic and electric effects in electron microscope images are of interest and will be discussed here. Clearly electrons are deflected by magnetic and electric fields and can give rise to image detail. We will review situations in ferromagnetic films in which magnetic image effects are the predominant ones, others in which the magnetic effects give rise to rather subtle changes in diffraction contrast, cases of contrast at specimen edges due to leakage fields in both ferromagnets and superconductors and some effects due to electric fields in insulators.

Electron microscopy studies of PZT ferroelectric film capacitor structures

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1364-1365
Author(s):  
V. Kaushik ◽  
P. Maniar ◽  
J. Olowolafe ◽  
R. Jones ◽  
A. Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Ferroelectric Material ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Dielectric Films ◽  
Lead Zirconium Titanate ◽  
Si Substrate ◽  
Film Capacitor ◽  
Pzt Films ◽  
High Dielectric

Lead zirconium titanate films (Pb (Zr,Ti) O3 or PZT) are being considered for potential application as dielectric films in memory technology due to their high dielectric constants. PZT is a ferroelectric material which shows spontaneous polarizability, reversible under applied electric fields. We report herein some results of TEM studies on thin film capacitor structures containing PZT films with platinum-titanium electrodes.The wafers had a stacked structure consisting of PZT/Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate as shown in Figure 1. Platinum acts as electrode material and titanium is used to overcome the problem of platinum adhesion to the oxide layer. The PZT (0/20/80) films were deposited using a sol-gel method and the structure was annealed at 650°C and 800°C for 30 min in an oxygen ambient. XTEM imaging was done at 200KV with the electron beam parallel to <110> zone axis of silicon.Figure 2 shows the PZT and Pt layers only, since the structure had a tendency to peel off at the Ti-Pt interface during TEM sample preparation.

Current Status of Solid-State X-Ray Systems

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 158-161
Author(s):  
Martin Peckerar ◽  
Anastasios Tousimis
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Mobile Charge ◽  
Electron Hole ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electron Microscopes

Solid state x-ray sensing systems have been used for many years in conjunction with scanning and transmission electron microscopes. Such systems conveniently provide users with elemental area maps and quantitative chemical analyses of samples. Improvements on these tools are currently sought in the following areas: sensitivity at longer and shorter x-ray wavelengths and minimization of noise-broadening of spectral lines. In this paper, we review basic limitations and recent advances in each of these areas. Throughout the review, we emphasize the systems nature of the problem. That is. limitations exist not only in the sensor elements but also in the preamplifier/amplifier chain and in the interfaces between these components.Solid state x-ray sensors usually function by way of incident photons creating electron-hole pairs in semiconductor material. This radiation-produced mobile charge is swept into external circuitry by electric fields in the semiconductor bulk.

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