scholarly journals Physical mechanisms and methods employed in drug delivery to tumors

2007 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erim Bešić
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Delivery Strategies

Physical mechanisms and methods employed in drug delivery to tumorsIn addition to several well-known drug delivery strategies developed to facilitate effective chemotherapy with anticancer agents, some new approaches have been recently established, based on specific effects arising from the applications of ultrasound, magnetic and electric fields on drug delivery systems. This paper gives an overview of newly developed methods of drug delivery to tumors and of the related anticancer therapies based on the combined use of different physical methods and specific drug carriers. The conventional strategies and new approaches have been put into perspective to revisit the existing and to propose new directions to overcome the threatening problem of cancer diseases.

scholarly journals Interplay of Nanoparticle Properties during Endocytosis

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 728
Author(s):  
Xiaohuan Wang ◽  
Long Li ◽  
Fan Song
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Receptor Mediated Endocytosis ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
Surface Functionality

Nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely applied as drug carriers in drug delivery, due to their unique physical and structural properties. To achieve the drug delivery purpose, receptor-mediated endocytosis is a primary explored mechanism to internalize NPs into tumor cells. During the endocytosis process, properties of NPs, including size, shape, and surface functionality, play an important role in determining the final drug delivery efficacy. Many of these NP properties have been extensively explored individually. However, the multiple NP properties naturally interplay with each other in the endocytosis process to determine the internalization efficiency together. Therefore, it is significantly important to understand the interplay of different NP properties to improve the NP’s final delivery efficacy. In this review, we focus on the interplay of NPs properties on the endocytosis process to summarize the relevant experimental observations and physical mechanisms. Particularly, three different aspects are discussed in detail, including the interplay between size and shape; size and elasticity; shape and elasticity. We have summarized the most recent works and highlighted that building up systematic understandings for the complex interplay between NP properties can greatly help a better design of NP platforms for drug delivery.

A Mini-Review on Nano Technology in the Tumour Targeting Strategies: Drug Delivery to Cancer Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 2012-2024
Author(s):  
Loveleen Kaur ◽  
Harvinder S. Sohal ◽  
Manvinder Kaur ◽  
Dharambeer S. Malhi ◽  
Sonali Garg
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
The Body ◽  
General Mechanism ◽  
Research Review ◽  
Nano Technology ◽  
Google Search

Background: Recently, the application of cancer nanotechnology-based drug delivery to cancer cells has arisen as an important method to resolve multiple molecular, biophysical, and biochemical obstacles, which the body is preparing to resist against the productive implementation of chemotherapeutic medications. Drug delivery technologies focused on nanoparticles, which have resolved some of the drawbacks of conventional chemotherapy as, decreased drug viscosity, chemo-resistance, precise malignity, limited medicative measures with low oral bioactivity. Due to their adjustable size and surface properties, the half-life period of a drug can be increased in the bloodstream. Objective: The aim of the current study is to collect and document the data available on the drug delivery system for anticancer drugs. The present study includes some of the drug carriers like liposomes, carbon dots, micelles, carbon nanotubes, magnetic nanoparticles, etc. Methods: To write this review, an exhaustive literature survey was carried out using relevant work published in various SCI, Scopus, and non-SCI indexed journals. The different search engines used to download the research/ review papers are Google search, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scientific Information Database and Research Gate, etc. Results: Nanotechnology offers better pharmacokinetics, reduces the systematic toxicities related to the chemotherapies and a better route of drug administration. In the analysis, we critically highlight recent studies on carcinoma-fighting nanotechnology. Conclusion: In the present study, different kinds of nano-based drug delivery systems have been discussed along with their characteristic features, the encapsulation of anticancer agents into different types of nanometresized vehicles and their general mechanism.

Innovative Drug Delivery Strategies for Topical Photodynamic Therapy using Porphyrin Precursors

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desmond I. J. Morrow ◽  
Martin J. Garland ◽  
Paul A. McCarron ◽  
A. David Woolfson ◽  
Ryan F. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Innovative Drug ◽  
Delivery Strategies

HER2-Mediated Anticancer Drug Delivery: Strategies to Prepare Targeting Ligands Highly Specific for the Receptor

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 2525-2538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrica Calce ◽  
Luca Monfregola ◽  
Michele Saviano ◽  
Stefania De Luca
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Anticancer Drug ◽  
Anticancer Drug Delivery ◽  
Delivery Strategies

Advances in Nanoparticles as Anticancer Drug Delivery Vector: Need of this Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 1637-1649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Ali ◽  
Sofi D. Mukhtar ◽  
Heyam S. Ali ◽  
Marcus T. Scotti ◽  
Luciana Scotti
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Anticancer Drug ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Anticancer Drug Delivery ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Delivery Vector ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Smart Drug ◽  
Smart Drug Delivery

Background: Nanotechnology has contributed a great deal to the field of medical science. Smart drugdelivery vectors, combined with stimuli-based characteristics, are becoming increasingly important. The use of external and internal stimulating factors can have enormous benefits and increase the targeting efficiency of nanotechnology platforms. The pH values of tumor vascular tissues are acidic in nature, allowing the improved targeting of anticancer drug payloads using drug-delivery vectors. Nanopolymers are smart drug-delivery vectors that have recently been developed and recommended for use by scientists because of their potential targeting capabilities, non-toxicity and biocompatibility, and make them ideal nanocarriers for personalized drug delivery. Method: The present review article provides an overview of current advances in the use of nanoparticles (NPs) as anticancer drug-delivery vectors. Results: This article reviews the molecular basis for the use of NPs in medicine, including personalized medicine, personalized therapy, emerging vistas in anticancer therapy, nanopolymer targeting, passive and active targeting transports, pH-responsive drug carriers, biological barriers, computer-aided drug design, future challenges and perspectives, biodegradability and safety. Conclusions: This article will benefit academia, researchers, clinicians, and government authorities by providing a basis for further research advancements.

Advances in the use of MOFs for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment: An Overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (33) ◽  
pp. 4174-4184
Author(s):  
Marina P. Abuçafy ◽  
Bruna L. da Silva ◽  
João A. Oshiro-Junior ◽  
Eloisa B. Manaia ◽  
Bruna G. Chiari-Andréo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Anticancer Drug Delivery ◽  
Diagnostic Agents

Nanoparticles as drug delivery systems and diagnostic agents have gained much attention in recent years, especially for cancer treatment. Nanocarriers improve the therapeutic efficiency and bioavailability of antitumor drugs, besides providing preferential accumulation at the target site. Among different types of nanocarriers for drug delivery assays, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted increasing interest in the academic community. MOFs are an emerging class of coordination polymers constructed of metal nodes or clusters and organic linkers that show the capacity to combine a porous structure with high drug loading through distinct kinds of interactions, overcoming the limitations of traditional drug carriers explored up to date. Despite the rational design and synthesis of MOFs, structural aspects and some applications of these materials like gas adsorption have already been comprehensively described in recent years; it is time to demonstrate their potential applications in biomedicine. In this context, MOFs can be used as drug delivery systems and theranostic platforms due to their ability to release drugs and accommodate imaging agents. This review describes the intrinsic characteristics of nanocarriers used in cancer therapy and highlights the latest advances in MOFs as anticancer drug delivery systems and diagnostic agents.

Biocompatible Nanovesicular Drug Delivery Systems with Targeting Potential for Autoimmune Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (42) ◽  
pp. 5488-5502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yub Raj Neupane ◽  
Asiya Mahtab ◽  
Lubna Siddiqui ◽  
Archu Singh ◽  
Namrata Gautam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Autoimmune Response ◽  
Treatment Modalities

Autoimmune diseases are collectively addressed as chronic conditions initiated by the loss of one’s immunological tolerance, where the body treats its own cells as foreigners or self-antigens. These hay-wired antibodies or immunologically capable cells lead to a variety of disorders like rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis and recently included neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s, Parkinsonism and testicular cancer triggered T-cells induced autoimmune response in testes and brain. Conventional treatments for autoimmune diseases possess several downsides due to unfavourable pharmacokinetic behaviour of drug, reflected by low bioavailability, rapid clearance, offsite toxicity, restricted targeting ability and poor therapeutic outcomes. Novel nanovesicular drug delivery systems including liposomes, niosomes, proniosomes, ethosomes, transferosomes, pharmacosomes, ufasomes and biologically originated exosomes have proved to possess alluring prospects in supporting the combat against autoimmune diseases. These nanovesicles have revitalized available treatment modalities as they are biocompatible, biodegradable, less immunogenic and capable of carrying high drug payloads to deliver both hydrophilic as well as lipophilic drugs to specific sites via passive or active targeting. Due to their unique surface chemistry, they can be decorated with physiological or synthetic ligands to target specific receptors overexpressed in different autoimmune diseases and can even cross the blood-brain barrier. This review presents exhaustive yet concise information on the potential of various nanovesicular systems as drug carriers in improving the overall therapeutic efficiency of the dosage regimen for various autoimmune diseases. The role of endogenous exosomes as biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of autoimmune diseases along with monitoring progress of treatment will also be highlighted.

The Potential of Milk-derived Exosomes for Drug Delivery

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuyuan Li ◽  
Yue Tang ◽  
Yushun Dou
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Current Application ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Loading Methods

Background: Exosomes, one of the extracellular vesicles, are widely present in all biological fluids and play an important role in intercellular communication. Because of its hydrophobic lipid bilayer and aqueous hydrophilic core structure, it is considered a possible alternative to liposome drug delivery systems. Not only do they protect the cargo like liposomes during delivery, they are less toxic and better tolerated. However, due to the lack of sources and methods for obtaining enough exosomes, the therapeutic application of exosomes as drug carriers is limited. Methods: A literature search was performed using the ScienceDirect and PubMed electronic databases to obtain information from published literature on milk exosomes related to drug delivery. Results: Here, we briefly reviewed the current knowledge of exosomes, expounded the advantages of milk-derived exosomes over other delivery vectors, including a higher yield, the oral delivery characteristic and additional therapeutic benefits. The purification and drug loading methods of milk exosomes, and the current application of milk exosomes were also introduced. Conclusion: The emergence of milk-derived exosomes is expected to break through the limitations of exosomes as therapeutic carriers of drugs. We hope to raise awareness of the therapeutic potential of milk-derived exosomes as a new drug delivery system.

Design, Synthesis and Studies on Novel Polymeric Prodrugs of Erlotinib for Colon Drug Delivery

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahil Kumar ◽  
Bandna Sharma ◽  
Tilak R. Bhardwaj ◽  
Rajesh K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Drug Conjugates ◽  
Polymer Drug Conjugates

Aims: In the present study, polymer-drug conjugates were synthesized based on azo-bond cleavage drug delivery approach for targeting erlotinib as anticancer drug specifically to the colon for the proficient treatment of colon cancer. Background: Colon cancer (CC) is the third commonly detected tumor worldwide and it make up about 10 % of all cases of cancers. Most of the chemotherapeutic drugs available for treating colon cancer are not only toxic to cancerous cells but also to the normal healthy cells. Among the various approaches to get rid of the adverse effects of anticancer agents, prodrugs are one of the most imperative approaches. Objective: The objective of the study is to chemically modify the erlotinib drug through azo-bond linkage and suitable spacer which will be finally linked to polymeric backbone to give desired polymer linked prodrug. The azo reductase enzyme present in colon is supposed to cleave the azo-bond specifically and augment the drug release at the colon. Methods: The synthesized conjugates were characterized by IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The cleavage of aromatic azobond resulted in a potential colon-specific liberation of drug from conjugate studied in rat fecal contents. In vitro release profiles of polyphosphazene-linked conjugates of erlotinib have been studied at pH 1.2, pH 6.8 and pH 7.4. The stability study was designed to exhibit that free drug was released proficiently and unmodified from polyphosphazene-erlotinib conjugates having aromatic azo-bond in artificial colon conditions. Results: The synthesized conjugates were demonstrated to be stable in simulated upper gastro-intestinal tract conditions. The drug release kinetics shows that all the polymer-drug conjugates of erlotinib follow zero-order release kinetics which indicates that the drug release from the polymeric backbone is independent of its concentration. Kinetic study of conjugates with slope (n) shows the anomalous type of release with an exponent (n) > 0.89 indicating a super case II type of release. Conclusion: These studies indicate that polyphosphazene linked drug conjugates of erlotinib could be the promising candidates for the site-specific treatment of colon cancer with least detrimental side-effects.

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