scholarly journals The Water@Birth Study: an exploratory study on the requirements of water for hand hygiene during labour and delivery in low-income countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 725-725
Author(s):  
Iyabo Adekunle-Olarinde ◽  
Wendy Graham ◽  
Suzanne Cross ◽  
Jolene Moore
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Water Birth

scholarly journals Improving hand hygiene measures in low-resourced intensive care units: experience at the Kigali University Teaching Hospital in Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Paul Mvukiyehe ◽  
Eugene Tuyishime ◽  
Anne Ndindwanimana ◽  
Jennifer Rickard ◽  
Olivier Manzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Low Income ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
World Health ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
Intervention Adherence

Background: Proper hand hygiene (HH) practices have been shown to reduce healthcare-acquired infections. Several potential challenges in low-income countries might limit the feasibility of effective HH, including preexisting knowledge gaps and staffing. Aim: We sought to evaluate the feasibility of the implementation of effective HH practice at a teaching hospital in Rwanda. Methods: We conducted a prospective quality improvement project in the intensive care unit (ICU) at the Kigali University Teaching Hospital. We collected data before and after an intervention focused on HH adherence as defined by the World Health Organization ‘5 Moments for Hand Hygiene’ and assuring availability of HH supplies. Pre-intervention data were collected throughout July 2019, and HH measures were implemented in August 2019. Post-implementation data were collected following a 3-month wash-in. Results: In total, 902 HH observations were performed to assess pre-intervention adherence and 903 observations post-intervention adherence. Overall, HH adherence increased from 25% (222 of 902 moments) before intervention to 75% (677 of 903 moments) after intervention (P < 0.001). Improvement was seen among all health professionals (nurses: 19–74%, residents: 23–74%, consultants: 29–76%). Conclusions: Effective HH measures are feasible in an ICU in a low-income country. Ensuring availability of supplies and training appears key to effective HH practices.

scholarly journals Efficacy of alcohol-based hand sanitizer on hands soiled with dirt and cooking oil

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy J. Pickering ◽  
Jennifer Davis ◽  
Alexandria B. Boehm
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
Important Barrier

Handwashing education and promotion are well established as effective strategies to reduce diarrhea and respiratory illness in countries around the world. However, access to reliable water supplies has been identified as an important barrier to regular handwashing in low-income countries. Alcohol-based hand sanitizer (ABHS) is an effective hand hygiene method that does not require water, but its use is not currently recommended when hands are visibly soiled. This study evaluated the efficacy of ABHS on volunteers' hands artificially contaminated with Escherichia coli in the presence of dirt (soil from Tanzania) and cooking oil. ABHS reduced levels of E. coli by a mean of 2.33 log colony forming units (CFU) per clean hand, 2.32 log CFU per dirt-covered hand, and 2.13 log CFU per oil-coated hand. No significant difference in efficacy was detected between hands that were clean versus dirty or oily. ABHS may be an appropriate hand hygiene method for hands that are moderately soiled, and an attractive option for field settings in which access to water and soap is limited.

scholarly journals Hand Hygiene Compliance in a University Hospital in West Bank, Palestine: An Observational Study 2017–2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s240-s241
Author(s):  
Souad Belkebir ◽  
Rawan Jeetawi ◽  
Alaa Kanaan
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Control Program ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Infection Control Program ◽  
Missed Opportunity

Background: Worldwide, medical staff adherence to hand hygiene (HH), the most cost-effective measure to decrease healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), is ~40%–60%. The infection control program (ICP) at An-Najah National University Hospital (NNUH), a tertiary-care referral teaching hospital located in Nablus, in northern Palestine, monitors HH compliance by direct observations using the WHO observation checklist. In this descriptive study, we investigated the prevalence of HH across the institution during 2017–2019. Methods: The WHO multimodal strategy to enhance HH in healthcare settings was implemented at NNUH, a tertiary-care referral hospital, in 2017. HH compliance has been measured during routine patient care by direct observation by ICP team and anonymously by other trained observers. Results are reported on monthly basis to the administration and medical team (nurses and doctors), and corrective plans to increase the compliance are discussed. Training is reinforced with ultraviolet light and fluorescent alcohol-based hand rub. Yearly, staff are engaged in HH Day activities (Figs. 1 and 2). Leadership support is constant by securing the annual budget for the HH program and the enforcement of HH policy across the setting. Results: NNUH, using the WHO Hand Hygiene Self-Assessment Framework, is currently in the advanced level (395 of 500) compared to 2017 (intermediate level, 292 of 500). Overall, HCW HH compliance increased from 44% (range, 31%–57%) in 2017 to 53% (range, 30%–72%) in 2018 and to 61% (range, 55%–66%) through October 2019. During the 3-year study period, Nursing compliance increased from 36% to 59% and to 64%, respectively, whereas the compliance for doctors increased from 42% to 56% and 58%, respectively. Regarding the missed opportunities, before patient was the most frequent cause for missed opportunity with a rate of 60% (Fig. 3). This missed opportunity was mainly related to the misuse of gloves (mainly among nurses), which requires an ad hoc intervention. Conclusions: Implementation of the WHO HH strategy is feasible and effective in low-income countries and leads to significant improvements in compliance. Periodic training, personnel engagement, and leadership are key factors of HH improvement in our setting.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

Three Cases of Joubert Syndrome in a Consanguineous Syrian Family and a Interesting Case of Multinational Collaboration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davor Petrović ◽  
Vida Čulić ◽  
Zofia Swinderek-Alsayed
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Disorder ◽  
Joubert Syndrome ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Ocular Motor ◽  
Quality Health Care ◽  
Quality Health ◽  
Motor Apraxia

AbstractJoubert syndrome (JS) is a rare congenital, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a distinctive brain malformation, developmental delay, ocular motor apraxia, breathing abnormalities, and high clinical and genetic heterogeneity. We are reporting three siblings with JS from consanguineous parents in Syria. Two of them had the same homozygous c.2172delA (p.Trp725Glyfs*) AHI1 mutation and the third was diagnosed prenatally with magnetic resonance imaging. This pathogenic variant is very rare and described in only a few cases in the literature. Multinational collaboration could be of benefit for the patients from undeveloped, low-income countries that have a low-quality health care system, especially for the diagnosis of rare diseases.

Reviewing the Development of Rural Finance in Vietnam

2013 ◽  
pp. 121-136
Author(s):  
Duong Pham Bao
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Rural Finance ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Rural Credit ◽  
Rural Organizations ◽  
Doi Moi

The objective of this article is to review the development of the rural financial system in Vietnam in recent years, especially, after Doi moi. There are two opposite schools of thought in the literature on rural credit policies in developing countries. One is the conventional supply-side (government-led) approach while the other is called “a new paradigm” that emphasizes the importance of the viability of financial providers and the well functioning of rural credit markets. Conventional theories of rural finance contend that rural finance in low-income countries is generally accompanied by many failures. Contrary to these theories, rural finance in Vietnam does not encounter the above-mentioned failures so far. Up to the present time, it is progressing well. Using a supply-side approach, methodologically, this study reviews the development of the rural financial system in Vietnam. The significance of this study is to challenge the extreme view of dichotomizing between the old and the new credit paradigms. Analysis in this study contends that a rural financial market that, (1) is initiated and spurred by government; (2) operates principally under market mechanisms; and (3) is strongly supported by rural organizations (semi-formal/informal institutions) can progress stably and well. Therefore, the extremely dichotomizing approach must be avoided.

Abdominal Textiloma Mimicking as Left Colic Tumour: A Postoperative Complication Still Common in Low-Income Countries

EMJ Radiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Fistula Formation ◽  
Emergency Laparotomy ◽  
Intermittent Fever ◽  
Gastrointestinal Complications ◽  
Surgical Safety ◽  
Surgical Teams ◽  
Safety Rules

Retained foreign bodies have become very rare in countries where the safety rules in the operating theatre are very rigorous and follow precise guidelines. There are low-income countries where hospital structures are precarious, in which the implementation of surgical safety rules has only been effective recently. Surgical teams in these countries are not yet well trained in the observance of the guidelines concerning swab count, meaning that textilomas are not uncommon. Abdominal textiloma may be asymptomatic, or present serious gastrointestinal complications such as bowel obstruction, perforation, or fistula formation because of misdiagnosis. It may mimic abscess formation in the early stage or soft tissue masses in the chronic stage. This case report presents a 27-year-old female who underwent an emergency laparotomy in a rural surgical centre for an ectopic pregnancy. Two months later, a swelling had appeared on the left side of her abdomen, gradually increasing in size, which was not very painful but caused digestive discomfort and asthenia. Intermittent fever was described and treated with antibiotics. The patient was referred to a better equipped centre to benefit from a CT scan. A textiloma was strongly suspected on the CT but a left colic mass was not excluded. Laparotomy confirmed the diagnosis of textiloma and the postoperative course was uneventful. Prevention rules must be strengthened in these countries where patients can hardly bear the costs of iterative surgeries for complications that are avoidable.

Assessment of knowledge and practice of vaccination of dogs against rabies by dog owners in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Audu Onyemocho ◽  
Agwa Moses ◽  
Aboh Kisani ◽  
Omole Namben Victoria ◽  
Anejo-Okopi Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
Dog Owners ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: Rabies, one of the oldest and fatal infectious diseases known to human race, is transmitted by infected dogs. The global target of zero dog-mediated rabies human deaths has been set for 2030; however, the realization of this goal poses challenges in most low-income countries where rabies is endemic due to weak surveillance. Dogs have been increasingly deployed for domestic uses over the years, especially for security purposes. This study assessed the assessment of knowledge and practice of vaccination of dogs against rabies by dog owners. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional community-based study was employed to study 400 dog owners in Makurdi metropolis through multistage sampling techniques. Sighting of valid dog vaccination card was used as criteria for current vaccination. Bivariate analysis was carried out to establish the relationship between the respondent knowledge of rabies and dog vaccination with significant value set at P < 0.05. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 31 (Â ± 0.8) years, majority of them had tertiary and secondary education (40.0% and 39.0%, respectively), 26.0% were traders, and 50.0% were married. Overall, 73.0% of the respondents had good knowledge score, 61.0% had seen at least a rabid dog in their life time, and 74.0% have a history of dog vaccination, but evidence of up to date vaccination of dogs by owners was seen in only 18.0% of all the vaccination cards sighted. The relationship between the educational status of the respondents, their knowledge score, and their dog vaccination was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Knowledge of rabies among dog owners in Makurdi was good, but the practice of dog vaccination was poor. Educational status was a good predictor of practice. Awareness campaign on dog vaccination should be strengthened and adequate measures should be put in place at the veterinary hospitals in Makurdi for vaccination of dogs.

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