Effects of sublethal concentrations of permethrin on bioaccumulation of cadmium in zebra cichlid (Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum)

Investigation results are reported on immunobiochemical indices in carassius carassius at a chronic exposure to sub-lethal Zink ions concentrations. In blood serum and liver, the following characteristics were investigated: antimicrobial properties, proportion of immune- deficient animals, content of non specific immune complexes, common lipids level, content of lipids peroxidation products and antioxidant activity. The relation between magnitudes of indices under investigation in fishes and the duration of their presence under experimental conditions is shown.

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Effects of sodium fluoride and Ocimum sanctum extract on the lifespan and climbing ability of Drosophila melanogaster

The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology ◽

10.1186/s41936-021-00229-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 82 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sidra Perveen ◽

Shalu Kumari ◽

Himali Raj ◽

Shahla Yasmin

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Sodium Fluoride ◽

Ocimum Sanctum ◽

Activity Assay ◽

Lipid Peroxidation Assay ◽

Climbing Ability ◽

The Impact ◽

Sublethal Concentrations

Abstract Background Fluoride may induce oxidative stress and apoptosis. It may also lead to neurobehavioural defects including neuromuscular damage. The present study aimed to explore the effects of sub lethal concentrations of sodium fluoride (NaF) on the lifespan and climbing ability of Drosophila melanogaster. In total, 0.6 mg/L and 0.8 mg/L of NaF were selected as sublethal concentrations of NaF for the study. Lifespan was measured and climbing activity assay was performed. Results The study showed significant decrease in lifespan of flies treated with fluoride. With increasing age, significant reduction in climbing activity was observed in flies treated with sodium fluoride as compared to normal (control) flies. Flies treated with tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) and NaF showed increase in lifespan and climbing activity as compared to those treated with NaF only. Lipid peroxidation assay showed significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) values in the flies treated with NaF as compared to control. The MDA values decreased significantly in flies treated with tulsi mixed with NaF. Conclusions The results indicate that exposure to sub lethal concentration of NaF may cause oxidative stress and affect the lifespan and climbing activity of D. melanogaster. Tulsi extract may help in reducing the impact of oxidative stress and toxicity caused by NaF.

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Sublethal effects of emamectin benzoate on life table parameters of the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)

Bulletin of the National Research Centre ◽

10.1186/s42269-020-00412-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

Author(s):

El-Sayed Mokbel ◽

Amal Huesien

Keyword(s):

Life Table ◽

Spodoptera Littoralis ◽

Sublethal Effects ◽

Lethal Effect ◽

Reproductive Rate ◽

Relative Fitness ◽

Emamectin Benzoate ◽

Cotton Leafworm ◽

Sublethal Concentrations ◽

Preovipositional Period

Abstract Background The cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.), is a serious economic pest in Egypt. Pest control depends mainly on chemical control with several pesticides include conventional and modern insecticides. Comprehensive analysis of pesticides impacts needs to investigate sublethal effects in addition to lethal effect. Results In the current study, the leaf-dip bioassay method was used to evaluate emamectin benzoate (EMB) sublethal concentrations. Results showed that EMB proved high toxicity against S. littorals with LC50 value of 0.019 mg liter−1. Life table analysis showed that treatments with LC5 and LC15 prolonged larval period, mean longevity of males and females, mean generation time (T), doubling time (DT), adult preovipositional period (APOP), and total preovipositional period (TPOP) compared with control. On the contrary, net reproduction rates (R0), intrinsic rates of increase (r), finite rate (λ), fecundity, gross reproductive rate (GRR), and relative fitness were decreased compared to control. Conclusions The current study clarified that sublethal concentrations of EMB induce adverse effects and suppress the population growth of S. littorals. Our results would be useful to assess the overall effects of EMB on S. littorals and can contribute effectively in pest management.

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Proteomic Adaptation of Clostridioides difficile to Treatment with the Antimicrobial Peptide Nisin

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10020372 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 372

Author(s):

Sandra Maaß ◽

Jürgen Bartel ◽

Pierre-Alexander Mücke ◽

Rabea Schlüter ◽

Thomas Sura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

State Of The Art ◽

Biomedical Application ◽

Time Resolved ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Cellular Processes ◽

Clostridioides Difficile ◽

Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Sublethal Concentrations ◽

Interesting Alternative

Clostridioides difficile is the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea but can also result in more serious, life-threatening conditions. The incidence of C. difficile infections in hospitals is increasing, both in frequency and severity, and antibiotic-resistant C. difficile strains are advancing. Against this background antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an interesting alternative to classic antibiotics. Information on the effects of AMPs on C. difficile will not only enhance the knowledge for possible biomedical application but may also provide insights into mechanisms of C. difficile to adapt or counteract AMPs. This study applies state-of-the-art mass spectrometry methods to quantitatively investigate the proteomic response of C. difficile 630∆erm to sublethal concentrations of the AMP nisin allowing to follow the cellular stress adaptation in a time-resolved manner. The results do not only point at a heavy reorganization of the cellular envelope but also resulted in pronounced changes in central cellular processes such as carbohydrate metabolism. Further, the number of flagella per cell was increased during the adaptation process. The potential involvement of flagella in nisin adaptation was supported by a more resistant phenotype exhibited by a non-motile but hyper-flagellated mutant.

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