Limb volume, composition, and maximum aerobic power output in relation to habitual ‘preference’ in young male subjects

Purpose:To quantify the power-output demands of men’s road-cycling stage racing using a direct measure of power output.Methods:Power-output data were collected from 207 races over 6 competition years on 31 Australian national male road cyclists. Subjects performed a maximal graded exercise test in the laboratory to determine maximum aerobic-power output, and bicycles were fitted with SRM power meters. Races were described as fl at, hilly, or criterium, and linear mixed modeling was used to compare the races.Results:Criterium was the shortest race and displayed the highest mean power output (criterium 262 ± 30 v hilly 203 ± 32 v fl at 188 ± 30 W), percentage total race time above 7.5 W/kg (crite-rium 15.5% ± 4.1% v hilly 3.8% ± 1.7% v fl at 3.5% ± 1.4%) and SD in power output (criterium 250 v hilly 165 v fl at 169 W). Approximately 67%, 80%, and 85% of total race time was spent below 5 W/kg for criterium, hilly and fl at races, respectively. About 70, 40, and 20 sprints above maximum aerobic-power output occurred during criterium, hilly, and fl at races, respectively, with most sprints being 6 to 10 s.Conclusions:These data extend previous research documenting the demands of men’s road cycling. Despite the relatively low mean power output, races were characterized by multiple high-intensity surges above maximum aerobic-power output. These data can be used to develop sport-specific interval-training programs that replicate the demands of competition.

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Does Cerebral Blood Flow Limit Maximal Aerobic Power Output?

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000402920.14578.55 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 43 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 82

Author(s):

Andrew W. Subudhi ◽

J Tod Olin ◽

Andrew C. Dimmen ◽

Bengt Kayser ◽

Robert C. Roach

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Power Output ◽

Aerobic Power ◽

Maximal Aerobic Power ◽

Flow Limit ◽

Aerobic Power Output

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Effects of hypoxic training on normoxic maximal aerobic power output

European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology ◽

10.1007/bf00421150 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 227-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

C. T. M. Davies ◽

A. J. Sargeant

Keyword(s):

Power Output ◽

Aerobic Power ◽

Maximal Aerobic Power ◽

Hypoxic Training ◽

Aerobic Power Output

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The Cycling Physiology of Miguel Indurain 14 Years After Retirement

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.7.4.397 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 397-400 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Iñigo Mujika

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Uptake ◽

Blood Lactate ◽

Body Mass ◽

Power Output ◽

Aerobic Power ◽

Cycle Ergometer ◽

Cycle Ergometer Test ◽

Age Related ◽

The Individual ◽

Aerobic Power Output

Age-related fitness declines in athletes can be due to both aging and detraining. Very little is known about the physiological and performance decline of professional cyclists after retirement from competition. To gain some insight into the aging and detraining process of elite cyclists, 5-time Tour de France winner and Olympic Champion Miguel Indurain performed a progressive cycle-ergometer test to exhaustion 14 y after retirement from professional cycling (age 46 y, body mass 92.2 kg). His maximal values were oxygen uptake 5.29 L/min (57.4 mL · kg−1 · min−1), aerobic power output 450 W (4.88 W/kg), heart rate 191 beats/min, blood lactate 11.2 mM. Values at the individual lactate threshold (ILT): 4.28 L/min (46.4 mL · kg−1 · min−1), 329 W (3.57 W/kg), 159 beats/min, 2.4 mM. Values at the 4-mM onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA): 4.68 L/min (50.8 mL · kg−1 · min−1), 369 W (4.00 W/kg), 170 beats/min. Average cycling gross efficiency between 100 and 350 W was 20.1%, with a peak value of 22.3% at 350 W. Delta efficiency was 27.04%. Absolute maximal oxygen uptake and aerobic power output declined by 12.4% and 15.2% per decade, whereas power output at ILT and OBLA declined by 19.8% and 19.2%. Larger declines in maximal and submaximal values relative to body mass (19.4–26.1%) indicate that body composition changed more than aerobic characteristics. Nevertheless, Indurain’s absolute maximal and submaximal oxygen uptake and power output still compare favorably with those exhibited by active professional cyclists.

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Physiological and Mechanical Indices Serving the New Cross-Country Olympic Mountain Bike Performance

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2020-0319 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Arnaud Hays ◽

Caroline Nicol ◽

Denis Bertin ◽

Romain Hardouin ◽

Jeanick Brisswalter

Keyword(s):

Power Output ◽

Aerobic Power ◽

Multiple Regression Model ◽

Maximal Aerobic Power ◽

Maximum Power ◽

Active Recovery ◽

Mountain Bike ◽

Testing Protocol ◽

Cross Country ◽

Aerobic Power Output

Objectives: To identify relevant physiological, mechanical, and strength indices to improve the evaluation of elite mountain bike riders competing in the current Cross-Country Olympic (XCO) format. Methods: Considering the evolution of the XCO race format over the last decade, the present testing protocol adopted a battery of complementary laboratory cycling tests: a maximal aerobic consumption, a force–velocity test, and a multi-short-sprint test. A group of 33 elite-level XCO riders completed the entire testing protocol and at least 5 international competitions. Results: Very large correlations were found between the XCO performance and maximal aerobic power output (r = .78; P < .05), power at the second ventilation threshold (r = .83; P < .05), maximal pedaling force (r = .77; P < .05), and maximum power in the sixth sprint (r = .87; P < .05) of the multi-short-sprint test. A multiple regression model revealed that the normalized XCO performance was predicted at 89.2% (F3,29 = 89.507; r = .95; P < .001) by maximum power in the sixth sprint (β = 0.602; P < .001), maximal pedaling rate (β = 0.309; P < .001), and relative maximal aerobic power output (β = 0.329; P < .001). Discussion: Confirming our expectations, the current XCO performance was highly correlated with a series of physiological and mechanical parameters reflecting the high level of acyclic and intermittent solicitation of both aerobic and anaerobic metabolic pathways and the required qualities of maximal force and velocity. Conclusion: The combination of physiological, mechanical, and strength characteristics may thus improve the prediction of elite XCO cyclists’ performance. It seems of interest to evaluate the ability to repeatedly produce brief intensive efforts with short active recovery periods.

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Efeitos do polimento na potência aeróbia máxima em atletas de indoor soccer

Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance ◽

10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n3p341 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 341 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Leonardo De Sousa Fortes ◽

Jeferson Macedo Vianna ◽

Delton Manoel dos Santos Silva ◽

Marcio André Gouvea ◽

Edilson Serpeloni Cyrino

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Aerobic Power ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Young Male ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Control Group ◽

Maximum Aerobic Power ◽

Level 1 ◽

And Control

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n3p341 The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of tapering on maximum aerobic power (VO2max) in young male indoor soccer athletes. Participants were 78 athletes aged 12-17 years randomly divided into experimental (EG) and control group (CG). Both groups did the same training planning until the last three weeks (tapering phase). Only EG performed tapering. Tapering lasted three weeks adopting the linear tapering method. VO2max was estimated by Yo-Yo intermittent Recovery Level 1 early in the season and in the last week of each. Univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was conducted for repeated measures to compare VO2max among groups according to mesocycle. The results presented effect of time (F (4.74)= 42.02, p = 0.01) and group (F (2.76) = 35.87, p = 0.01). Overall, the findings of this study suggest that the implementation of the tapering strategy in the last weeks of training is more efficient to improve VO2max than the constant maintenance of loads.

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